GRE閱讀中的常見規(guī)則有哪些
在GRE考試的閱讀理解部分,其實(shí)是可以發(fā)現(xiàn)比較常見規(guī)則的。以下是百分網(wǎng)小編為大家整理了GRE閱讀題中的較為常見的一些規(guī)則,一起來看看吧!
GRE閱讀中常見4大規(guī)則
1、溫和的措辭
對(duì)于這個(gè)考試來說,學(xué)術(shù)化就是最大的綱,也是它迥異于托福雅思的綱,我曾在另文中指出,雅思托福的命題目的是生活化,而對(duì)于gre來說,學(xué)術(shù)化代表著措辭的規(guī)范和溫和。對(duì)于考生的意義在于,文章的整體是溫和的,文章里面出現(xiàn)的極端的言辭都是要注意的,文章里面的事實(shí)都是與我們學(xué)術(shù)生活共時(shí)的,對(duì)于過去的追憶和反現(xiàn)實(shí)的虛擬狀態(tài),都是非常明顯的潛在出題點(diǎn)。尤其是虛擬語氣,往往表示應(yīng)然而非然之狀態(tài),很有可能出現(xiàn)負(fù)評(píng)價(jià),以態(tài)度題的方式考察。而一切過分極端的言辭,如絕對(duì)的`說法,大多數(shù),比較級(jí)尤其是強(qiáng)烈比較級(jí),在文章里的出現(xiàn)要注意,還有一種也是強(qiáng)烈的對(duì)比的標(biāo)志,就是以大寫字母標(biāo)注的時(shí)間,指明某時(shí)之前或之后,我們稱之為時(shí)間強(qiáng)對(duì)比。以上總結(jié)之,即是三大關(guān)系,強(qiáng)對(duì)比,因果以及轉(zhuǎn)折。表示這些關(guān)系的連詞,一律要注意,最好做出標(biāo)記。而對(duì)于題目來說,考生要注意以上說法是在哪里出現(xiàn),如果文章有這些強(qiáng)烈的措辭,那么題目當(dāng)中對(duì)應(yīng)這些段落的選項(xiàng)也有,就很可能是對(duì)的,如果選項(xiàng)出現(xiàn)而文章的相應(yīng)位置沒有,則該選項(xiàng)必錯(cuò)。
2、對(duì)于態(tài)度的預(yù)見
主題題,態(tài)度題如何解決呢?首先我們需要了解GRE的評(píng)價(jià)體系。
對(duì)于激進(jìn)的( 進(jìn)化論)左的(馬列)上綱上線的,通常不與支持,對(duì)于以政治干涉學(xué)術(shù),尤其反對(duì)。
對(duì)于歧視弱者,損害弱者尤其反對(duì),弱者恒強(qiáng)。
Should, must, should have 等詞也是負(fù)評(píng)價(jià),應(yīng)然不然。
選項(xiàng)中極端的,進(jìn)行人身攻擊的,模棱兩可的,諂媚的,馬上排除,因?yàn)檫@是學(xué)術(shù)考試。
選項(xiàng)過分極端的副詞,也要小心,如表示絕對(duì)的言辭。
3、如何處理文章
諸生讀此類文章最大誤區(qū)在于試圖讀懂,更有甚者,尋求文章之背景,遍尋譯文,以期充分理解,雖有燃膏繼晷之功,難有吳甲吞楚之效,蓋此種文章,非為考生讀懂而設(shè)計(jì)。更有甚者,仿閱讀之結(jié)構(gòu),言辭,圖作文之高分,則更加南轅北轍,緣木求魚而已。請(qǐng)殺雞諸位謹(jǐn)記:
這是考試,你只有13—15分鐘做題,文章不是用來讀懂的,對(duì)待長難句最好的辦法是考慮怎么不讀,少讀,而不是分析。
學(xué)術(shù)文章特點(diǎn)就是規(guī)范,層次清晰,主題明確。
我們一定要讀出套路,尤其是文章觀點(diǎn)的數(shù)量,這個(gè)直接關(guān)系到主題題怎么出。
我們要把每段的層次的連詞標(biāo)記出來,我們還要知道每個(gè)層次的主題詞是什么,周圍有沒有否定詞(改善題),有沒有褒貶的詞(態(tài)度題,應(yīng)用題)
至于例子,也可以考慮不讀或者少讀,因?yàn)镚RE閱讀重點(diǎn)考觀點(diǎn),例子是事實(shí),事實(shí)記得越多,混淆信息越多,做題越慢,準(zhǔn)確率越低。對(duì)于例子,只要記住位置就可以,題目考到再看,不考堅(jiān)決不看。以觀點(diǎn)記例子,以觀點(diǎn)分層次,以觀點(diǎn)分邏輯關(guān)系。
4、如何看題
首先記住,先文后題。
道理很簡單,你直接讀題,根本讀不懂。
所以很重要的是搞明白兩個(gè)問題,這個(gè)題目對(duì)應(yīng)文章哪個(gè)層次?考的是觀點(diǎn)還是例子?
題型很重要,意義在于告訴你正確選項(xiàng)的特征的如何定位。
GRE閱讀技巧
閱讀習(xí)慣
一、 先讀題目還是先讀文章?
一定要先讀文章!
二、 切忌讀文章時(shí)查詞典
三、 不要逐字讀閱讀黃金法則:文章中讀到什么就是什么,不需要結(jié)合其他進(jìn)行推理。
專用六先六后:
1、 先詞匯,后閱讀(一般剩余13分鐘閱讀,5分鐘小文章,長文章保證簡單題一定做對(duì))。
2、 先短文章,后長文章。
3、 先讀較熟悉的內(nèi)容的文章,后讀陌生的。
4、 先讀較易的,后讀難的。
較易題包括:主題題,態(tài)度題,結(jié)構(gòu)題(一般總分式較多),簡單的細(xì)節(jié)題(題干、答案均較短,且好定位)。
較難題包括:難細(xì)節(jié)題(特別是羅馬數(shù)字題),邏輯題,類比題。
5、 先框架,后細(xì)節(jié)。
6、 先排除再猜選(不得已而猜之時(shí))。
解題六大原則:
1、 有無之辯:文中沒提到的不選。
2、 正反之辯:一般是順序錯(cuò)誤;蚴前l(fā)生時(shí)間先后順序錯(cuò)誤,或是邏輯順序錯(cuò)誤。
3、 主次之辯4、 全偏之辯:不要以偏蓋全。
5、 寬窄之辯:不要拿范圍小的答案去對(duì)應(yīng)較大的概念。
6、 強(qiáng)弱之辯:態(tài)度題中特別需要注意。如:intense(強(qiáng),表過度緊張)。
GRE文章閱讀的三大語言關(guān)系:1、 moreover——順接關(guān)系furthermore, further, thus, in addition等 2、 轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系however, but, yet, nevertheless, nonetheless, indeed, in fact, practically, actually, virtually等however表示:①轉(zhuǎn)折②讓步:與形容詞和副詞作插入語時(shí)表讓步語氣③遞進(jìn):在句末時(shí),看似是轉(zhuǎn)折,其實(shí)是將話不說的絕對(duì)化,并進(jìn)而將自己觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行拓展。
but/yet:①若在首段第二句或二段首句出現(xiàn),則是在語氣、態(tài)度上的大轉(zhuǎn)折。
、谌粼诶碚摶颥F(xiàn)象剛剛說完之后,則對(duì)其的解釋是持負(fù)評(píng)價(jià)。
3、 讓步關(guān)系:(although, though不考)。
關(guān)鍵詞:do/may/have做助動(dòng)詞,表強(qiáng)調(diào);或表強(qiáng)調(diào)的詞,如:no doubt, no problem, absolutely等;而一般文章在強(qiáng)調(diào)后均會(huì)有一個(gè)讓步。
GRE閱讀練習(xí)題
An influential early view held that ecosystems contain niches for a limited number of species and that competition for resources among species—whether native or nonnative invading ones — determines ecosystems’ species composition. However, factors other than competition often help explain invading species’ success. For example, the American grey squirrel, often cited as a classic example of competitively superior invading species, was introduced in England in 1876 and now thrives, while the native red squirrel population has declined. Although scientists have found gray squirrels to be more efficient foragers than red ones, they also note that even before the gray squirrel’s arrival, Britain’s red squirrel populations had a periodic tendency to die out, only to be subsequently reintroduced. Furthermore, many gray squirrels are silent carriers of a disease fatal to red squirrels.
1. It can be inferred that the author of the passage mentions the efficiency with which gray squirrels forage primarily in order to
A. identify a factor that explains a certain phenomenon
B. call attention to an inconsistency in a particular theory
C. suggest that competition cannot be the factor responsible for a particular outcome
D. acknowledge a fact that appears to support a view that the author intends to qualify
E. cite evidence that is not consistent with an early influential view about species competition
2. It can be inferred that the author of the passage would be most likely to agree with which of the following statements about the “early view?”
A. It reflects a mistaken assumption about the means by which nonnative species are introduced into ecosystems.
B. Its basic premise is shown to be valid by the effect of American gray squirrels on Britain’s red squirrel population.
C. It presents a simplistic picture of the means by which species composition within ecosystems is determined.
D. It can effectively explain the formation of ecosystems that contain few species but cannot adequately account for the formation of complex ecosystems.
E. It understates the importance of competition as a factor determining species composition within ecosystems.
2. It can be inferred that the author of the passage would be most likely to agree with which of the following statements about the “early view?”
A. It reflects a mistaken assumption about the means by which nonnative species are introduced into ecosystems.
B. Its basic premise is shown to be valid by the effect of American gray squirrels on Britain’s red squirrel population.
C. It presents a simplistic picture of the means by which species composition within ecosystems is determined.
D. It can effectively explain the formation of ecosystems that contain few species but cannot adequately account for the formation of complex ecosystems.
E. It understates the importance of competition as a factor determining species composition within ecosystems.
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