SAT化學(xué)考試常用的詞匯匯總
Matter 物質(zhì)
Definition of Water(物質(zhì)的定義)
States of Matter(物質(zhì)的狀態(tài))
Composition of Matter (物質(zhì)的構(gòu)成)
Chemical and Physical Properties(化學(xué)性質(zhì)和物理性質(zhì))
Chemical and Physical Changes (化學(xué)變化和物理變化)
Conservation of Mass (質(zhì)量守恒)
Energy 能量
Definition of Energy(能量的定義)
Forms of Energy(能量的形式)
Types of Reactions(Exothermic Versus Endothermic) 反應(yīng)類型(放熱對(duì)吸熱)
Conservation of Energy (能量守恒)
Conservation of Mass and Energy(質(zhì)能守恒)
Scientific Method(科學(xué)方法)
Measurements and Calculations(測(cè)量和計(jì)算)
Metric System(指標(biāo)系統(tǒng))
Temperature Measurements(溫度測(cè)量)
Heat Measurements(熱量測(cè)量)
Scientific Notation (科學(xué)記數(shù)法)
Factor-Label Method of Conversion(Dimensional Analysis)轉(zhuǎn)換方法(量綱分析)
Precision, Accuracy, and Uncertainty(精密度，準(zhǔn)確度，不確定度)
Significant Figures(有效數(shù)字)
Calculations with Significant Figures (有效數(shù)字的計(jì)算)
Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table of the Elements 原子結(jié)構(gòu)&元素周期表
Electric Nature of Atoms 原子的電本質(zhì)
History (歷史)
Basic Electric Charges(基本電荷)
Bohr Model of the Atom(原子的波爾模型)
Components of Atomic Structure(原子結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)成)
Calculating Average Atomic Mass(計(jì)算平均原子量)
Oxidation Number and Valence(氧化數(shù)和化合價(jià))
Metallic,Nonmetallic,and Noble Gas Structures(易失電子.易得電子.惰性氣體結(jié)構(gòu))
Reactivity(反應(yīng))
Atomic Spectra 原子光譜
Spectroscopy(光譜學(xué))
Mass Spectroscopy (質(zhì)譜學(xué))
The Wave-Mechanical Model 波動(dòng)力學(xué)模型
Quantum Numbers(量子數(shù))
Hund’s Rule of Maximum Multiplicity 最大多重性洪特法則
Sublevels and Electron Configuration 原子內(nèi)電子排布
Order of Filing and Notation(電子填充次序和命名)
Electron Dot Notation(Lewis Dot Structures)(Lewis 點(diǎn)結(jié)構(gòu))
Noble Gas Notation(稀有氣體元素)
Transition Elements and Variable Oxidation Numbers(過(guò)渡元素和可變的氧化數(shù))
Period Table of the Elements元素周期表
History(歷史)
Periodic Law(周期律)
The Table(周期表)
Properties Related to the Periodic Table(元素周期表的性質(zhì))
Radii of Atoms(原子半徑)
Atomic Radii in Periods(同周期的原子半徑)
Atomic Radii in Groups(同族的'原子半徑)
Ionic Radius Compared to Atomic Radius(相對(duì)原子半徑的離子半徑)
Electro negativity(電負(fù)性)
Electron Affinity(電子親和能)
Ionization Energy(電離能)
Bonding 化學(xué)鍵
Types of Bonds 化學(xué)鍵類型
Ionic Bonds(離子鍵)
Covalent Bonds(共價(jià)鍵)
Metallic Bonds(金屬鍵)
Intermolecular Forces of Attraction 分子間的吸引力
Dipole-Dipole Attraction (極性分子間的吸引力)
London Forces(倫敦力)
Hydrogen Bonds(氫鍵)
Double and Triple Bonds(雙鍵和三鍵)
Resonance Structures(共振結(jié)構(gòu))
Molecular Geometry—VSEPR—and Hybridization
分子幾何學(xué)—價(jià)層電子對(duì)互斥理論和雜化軌道理論
VSEPR—Electrostatic Repulsion(VSEPR—價(jià)層電子對(duì)互斥理論)
VSEPR and Unshared Electron (VSEPR和非共享電子對(duì))
VSEPR and Molecular Geometry(VSEPR和分子幾何學(xué))
Hybridization(雜化軌道理論)
Sigma and Pi Bonds (Sigma鍵和Pi鍵)
Properties of Ionic Substances(離子化合物的性質(zhì))
Properties of Molecular Crystals and Liquids (分子晶體與液晶的性質(zhì))
Chemical Formulas 化學(xué)分子式
Writing Formulas (寫分子式)
General Observations About Oxidation States and Formula Writing
(氧化狀態(tài)和分子式寫作的一般性結(jié)論)
More About Oxidation Numbers (關(guān)于氧化數(shù))
Naming Compounds (化合物命名)
Chemical Formulas (化學(xué)分子式)
Laws of Definite Composition and Multiple Proportions (定比定律和倍比定律)
Writing and Balancing Simple Equations (寫作和平衡簡(jiǎn)單方程式)
Showing Phases in Chemical Equations (化學(xué)平衡式)
Writing Ionic Equations (書(shū)寫離子方程式)
Gases and the Gas Laws 氣體和氣體定律
Introduction—Gases in the Environment(入門—環(huán)境中的氣體)
Some Representative Gases(一些有代表性的氣體)
Oxygen(氧氣)
Hydrogen(氫氣)
General Characteristics of Gases(氣體的基本特征)
Measuring the Pressure of a Gas(測(cè)量氣壓)
Kinetic Molecular Theory(氣體動(dòng)力論)
Some Particular Properties of Gases(氣體的特殊性質(zhì))
Gas Laws and Related Problems(氣體定律和相關(guān)的難題)
Graham’s Law(格銳目定律)
Charles’s Law(查理定律)
Boyle’s Law(波義耳定律)
Combined Gas Law(混合氣體定律)
Pressure Versus Temperature(氣壓和溫度)
Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures (道爾頓分壓定律)
Corrections of Pressure(壓力校正)
Ideal Gas Law(理想氣體定律)
Ideal Gas Deviations(理想氣體偏差)
Chemical Calculations(Stoichiometry)and the Mole Concept 化學(xué)計(jì)算&摩爾內(nèi)容
Solving Problems in Chemistry(解答化學(xué)難題)
The Mole Concept(摩爾內(nèi)容)
Molar Mass and Moles(摩爾質(zhì)量和摩爾)
Mole Relationships(摩爾關(guān)系)
Gas Volumes and Molar Mass(氣體體積和摩爾質(zhì)量)
Density and molar Mass(密度和摩爾質(zhì)量)
Mass-Volume Relationships(摩爾與體積的關(guān)系)
Mass-Mass Problems(質(zhì)量—質(zhì)量難題)
Problems with an Excess of One Reactant(涉及某一反應(yīng)物多余的難題)
Liquids, Solids, and Phase Changes 液體，固體和狀態(tài)變化
Liquids(液體)
Importance of Intermolecular Interaction(分子間相互作用的重要性)
Kinetics of Liquids(液體動(dòng)力學(xué))
Viscosity(粘性)
Surface Tension(表面張力)
Capillary Action(毛細(xì)作用)
Phase Equilibrium(平衡狀態(tài))
Boiling Point(沸點(diǎn))
Critical Temperature and Pressure(臨界溫度和臨界壓力)
Solids(固體)
Phase Diagrams(狀態(tài)圖表)
Water(水)
History of Water(水的歷史)
Purification of Water(水凈化)
Composition of Water(水的構(gòu)成)
Properties and Uses of Water(水的性質(zhì)和使用)
Water’s Reactions with Anhydrides(水和堿性氧化物的反應(yīng))
Polarity and Hydrogen Bonding(極性和氫鍵)
Solubility(可溶性)
General Rules of Solubility(可溶性的基本原則)
Factors That Affect Rate of Solubility(影響溶解率的因素)
Summary of Types of Solutes and Relationships of Type to Solubility
(溶液類型和類型之間關(guān)系的總結(jié))
Water Solutions(水處理)
Continuum of Water Mixtures(水混合溶劑)
Expressions of Concentration(濃度的表達(dá))
Dilution(稀釋)
Colligative Properties of Solutions(溶液的依數(shù)性)
Crystallization(結(jié)晶化)
Chemical Reactions and Thermochemistry 化學(xué)反應(yīng)和熱化學(xué)
Types of Reactions(反應(yīng)類型)
Predicting Reactions(預(yù)知化學(xué)反應(yīng))
Combination(Known Also as Synthesis(化合反應(yīng))
Decomposition(Known Also as Analysis(分解反應(yīng))
Single Replacement(置換反應(yīng))
Double Replacement(復(fù)分解反應(yīng))
Hydrolysis Reactions(水解反應(yīng))
Entropy(熵)
Thermochemistry(熱化學(xué))
Changes in Enthalpy(焓變化)
Additivity of Reaction Heats and Hess’s Law(反應(yīng)熱加成性定律—赫士定律)
Bond Dissociation Energy(鍵裂解能)
Enthalpy from Bond Energies(鍵能中的鍵焓)
Rates of Chemical Reactions 化學(xué)反應(yīng)速率
Measurements of Reaction Rates(反應(yīng)速率的測(cè)量)
Factors Affecting Reaction Rates(影響反應(yīng)速率的因素)
Collision Theory of Reaction Rates(化學(xué)反應(yīng)速率的碰撞理論)
Activation Energy(激活能)
Reaction Rate Law(化學(xué)反應(yīng)速率定律)
Reaction Mechanism and Rates of Reaction(化學(xué)反應(yīng)機(jī)制和化學(xué)反應(yīng)速率)
Chemical Equilibrium化學(xué)平衡
Reversible Reactions and Equilibrium(可逆反應(yīng)和平衡)
Le Chatelier’s Principle(化學(xué)平衡移動(dòng)原理—勒復(fù)特列原理)
Effects of Changing Conditions(條件變化的影響)
Effect of Changing the Concentrations(濃度改變的影響)
Effect of Temperature on Equilibrium(平衡中溫度改變的影響)
Effect of Pressure on Equilibrium(平衡中壓力改變的影響)
Equilibrium in Heterogeneous Systems(異構(gòu)系統(tǒng)中的平衡)
Equilibrium Constant for Systems Involving Solids(涉及固體的系統(tǒng)平衡常數(shù))
Acid Ionization Constants(酸電離常數(shù))
Ionization Constant of Water(水電離常數(shù))
Solubility Products(溶解度產(chǎn)物)
Common Ion Effect(同離子效應(yīng))
Driving Forces of Reactions(反應(yīng)推動(dòng)力)
Relation of Minimum Energy(Enthalpy) to Maximum Disorder(Entropy)(焓—熵關(guān)系)
Change in Free Energy of a System-the Gibbs Equation(系統(tǒng)中自由能的變化—吉布斯公式)
Acids, Bases, and Salts 酸，堿，鹽
Definitions and Properties(定義和性質(zhì))
Acids(酸)
Bases(堿)
Broader Acid-Base Theories(酸—堿理論)
Conjugate Acids and Bases(共軛酸堿)
Strengh of Conjugate Acids and Bases(共軛酸堿強(qiáng)度)
Acid Concentration Expressed as pH(pH表示為酸濃度)
Indicators(指示劑)
Titration—Volumetric Analysis(滴定—容量分析法)
Buffer Solutions(緩沖溶液)
Salts(鹽)
Amphoteric Substances(兩性物質(zhì))
Acid Rain—An Environmental Concern(酸雨—共同關(guān)心的環(huán)境問(wèn)題)
Oxidation-Reduction and Electrochemistry 氧化—還原反應(yīng)和電化學(xué)
Ionization(電離)
Oxidation-Reduction and Electrochemistry(氧化---還原反應(yīng)和電化學(xué))
Voltaic Cells(伏打電池)
Electrode Potentials(電極電位)
Electrolytic Cells(電解池)
Applications of Electrochemical Cells(Commercial Voltaic Cells)(電化電池的應(yīng)用)
Quantitative Aspects of Electrolysis(電解現(xiàn)象)
Relationship Between Quantity of Electricity and Amount of Products(電量和數(shù)量的關(guān)系)
Balancing Redox Equations Using Oxidation Numbers(用氧化數(shù)配平氧化還原方程式)
The Ion-Electron Method(離子—電子法)
Some Representative Groups and Families 一些有代表性的元素族
Sulfur Family(S族)
Sulfuric Acid(硫酸)
Other Important Compounds of Sulfur(S元素的其他重要化合物)
Halogen Family(鹵素)
Some important Halides and Their Uses(一些重要的鹵化物及其應(yīng)用)
Nitrogen Family(氮族) Nitric Acid(硝酸)
Other Important Compounds of Nitrogen(N元素的其他重要化合物)
Other Members of the Nitrogen Family(N族的其他區(qū)成員)
Metals(金屬)
Properties of Metals(金屬性質(zhì))
Some Important Reduction Methods(一些重要的還原方法)
Alloys(鋁)
Metalloids(非金屬)
Carbon and Organic Chemistry 碳和有機(jī)化學(xué)
Carbon(碳) Forms of Carbon(碳的構(gòu)成)
Carbon Dioxide(二氧化碳)
Organic Chemistry(有機(jī)化學(xué))
Hydrocarbons(碳?xì)浠衔?
Alkane Series(Saturated)(烷烴)
Alkene Series(Unsaturated) AlkyneSeries(Unsaturated)(炔屬烴)
Aromatics(芳烴)
Isomers(異構(gòu)體)
Changing Hydrocarbons(碳?xì)浠衔锏母淖?
Hydrocarbon Derivatives(碳?xì)浠衔锏难苌?
Alcohols—Methanol an Ethanol(酒精—甲醇和乙醇)
Other Alcohols(其他酒精)
Aldehydes(乙醛)
Organic Acids orCarboxylic Acids(有機(jī)酸和羧酸)
Ketones(酮)
Ethers(醚)
Amines and Amino Acids(胺和氨基酸)
Esters(酯)
Carbohydrates(碳水化合物)
Monosaccharides and Disaccharides(單糖和二糖)
Polysaccharides(多糖) Polymers(聚合體)
Nucleonics 原子核物理學(xué)
Radioactivity(放射熱)
The Nature of Radioactive Emissions(放射的本質(zhì))
Methods of Detection of Alpha, Beta, and Gamma Rays(α，β和γ射線)
Decay Series, Transmutations, and Half-life(衰變，嬗變和半衰期)
Radioactive Dating(放射年代測(cè)定法）
Nuclear Energy(核能) Conditions for Fission(核裂變條件)
Methods of Obtaining Fissionable Material(得到裂變材料的方法
Fusion(核聚變) Radiation Exposure(輻射暴露)
The Laboratory 實(shí)驗(yàn)
Technology in the Laboratory(實(shí)驗(yàn)室里的技術(shù))
Some Basic Setups(一些基本步驟)
Summary of Qualitative Tests(定性測(cè)試總結(jié)) Ⅰ. Identification of Some Common Gases(常見(jiàn)氣體認(rèn)證) Ⅱ. Identification of Some Negative Ions(負(fù)離子認(rèn)證) Ⅲ . Identification of Some Positive Ions(正離子認(rèn)證) Ⅳ .Qualitative Tests of Some Metals(金屬的定性測(cè)試)
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