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初二下冊英語第八單元知識點(diǎn)歸納
在年少學(xué)習(xí)的日子里,說到知識點(diǎn),大家是不是都習(xí)慣性的重視?知識點(diǎn)就是“讓別人看完能理解”或者“通過練習(xí)我能掌握”的內(nèi)容。為了幫助大家掌握重要知識點(diǎn),下面是小編為大家收集的初二下冊英語第八單元知識點(diǎn)歸納,僅供參考,希望能夠幫助到大家。
初二下冊英語第八單元知識點(diǎn)歸納 1
get,receive,accept:get有“得到”“獲得”的意思,在表示“獲得”某物時(shí),可能是被動(dòng)接受也有可能是主動(dòng)爭取;receive指收到了什么東西,不一定接受,receivealetterfrom…收到…的來信;accept著重指以愉悅的態(tài)度或經(jīng)過自己的爭取而得到或取得某物。
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should:
1)表示義務(wù),意為“應(yīng)該,應(yīng)當(dāng),最好”,比must較為委婉;
2)與疑問詞連用,表示意外,納悶,驚訝等,意為“究竟是…;到底…”.
表示建議:
1)How/Whatabout+名詞/代詞/動(dòng)詞-ing形式?
2)Whydon’tyou+動(dòng)詞原形?=Whynot+動(dòng)詞原形?
3)Let’s…以let’s開頭的祈使句,表示建議對方和自己一起做某事。Let’s后接動(dòng)詞原形。
4)Shallwe…?以Shallwe…?開頭的疑問句,用于建議對方和自己一起做某事;卮饡r(shí)如贊成,常用Yes,let’s.
too…to……而不能…,to后面接動(dòng)詞原形具有否定含義。這一句型?梢赞D(zhuǎn)換成so…that…句型。當(dāng)這種too…to…句型轉(zhuǎn)換成so…that句型時(shí),為保持句意的一致,that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句要根據(jù)時(shí)態(tài)用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can’t或couldn’t加動(dòng)詞原形,that從句中的'謂語動(dòng)詞要帶賓語。
Theboyistooyoungtogotoschool.=Theboyissoyoungthathecan’tgotoschool.
Theboxistoobigformetocarry.=TheboxissobigthatIcan’tcarryit.
【注意】當(dāng)動(dòng)詞不定式和主語在邏輯上構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí),該動(dòng)詞后面不能再用it或them作賓語,該動(dòng)詞如果是不及物動(dòng)詞,則必須在其后面加上相當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~或副詞,方可與主語構(gòu)成搭配。如,Theiceistoothinformetoskateon.
instead,insteadof:instead為副詞,在句中獨(dú)立作狀語,insteadof為介詞短語,后面一般接名詞,代詞,介詞和接動(dòng)詞-ing形式。
forexample,suchas:forexample例如,諸如。多作插入語,當(dāng)它表示“例如“時(shí),其后面必須有逗號;suchas相當(dāng)于like,意思為“象…那樣,例如,諸如”,其后面直接加名詞。
contest,compete,contend三者都有“競爭”的含義,均為動(dòng)詞:contest指在競爭中毫無保留地展示自己;compete指在體育或辯論等需要競爭的活動(dòng)中,為征服或取勝而進(jìn)行的努力。有時(shí)暗指在獎(jiǎng)賞的鼓勵(lì)或刺激下進(jìn)行競爭;contend暗示競爭的緊張程度。通常指雙方成功的機(jī)會(huì)相等,所以為取勝或征服對方就需要艱苦的努力。強(qiáng)調(diào)奮斗或斗爭的必要性。
contest,competition:contest指雙方或多方對壘比賽,多指體育比賽,并且在比賽中的每一個(gè)人或每一個(gè)隊(duì)都力圖戰(zhàn)勝對方;competition多指能力,技巧,知識等方面的比賽,競爭。
By的用法:by后跟表示交通工具的名詞,意思為“乘,坐”;by意思為“憑借,用,靠”,表示方法或手段,常與v.-ing連用;by意思為“在…旁邊”,用來表示地點(diǎn),意義和用法近似于beside;by意思為“按照…,根據(jù)…”;by意思為“經(jīng)過”,后常跟go,run,walk之類的動(dòng)詞;by用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)中,后跟的名詞表示行為的執(zhí)行者,意思為“被,由”;by意思為“按…(計(jì)算)”,用來表示計(jì)量;byoneself獨(dú)自;bytheway順便
aswell的同義詞為too,意思是“也”;aswellas意思為“同,和,也”。用來連接名詞和代詞等。謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)形式,要根據(jù)aswellas前的名詞或代詞確定。與動(dòng)詞連用時(shí),用v-ing形式;aswellas同義詞組為notonly…butalso…但側(cè)重順序不同。
初二下冊英語第八單元知識點(diǎn)歸納 2
Unit 8單詞 (音標(biāo))
treasure [tre] n. 財(cái)寶,財(cái)富
island [alnd] n. 島嶼
full of 滿是…的,(有)豐富的
classic [klsk] n. 經(jīng)典著作,名著
page [ped] n. (書或紙張的)頁,面,張
hurry [hr] v. 匆忙,趕快
hurry up 趕快,急忙(做某事)
due [dju:] adj. 預(yù)期的,到期的
ship [p] n. 船
tool [tu:l] n. 工具
gun [ɡn] n. 炮,槍
mark [mɑ:k] n. & v. 分?jǐn)?shù),記號;作標(biāo)記
sand [snd] n. 沙灘,沙
cannibal [knbl] 食人肉者;同類相殘的,兇殘的
towards [tw:dz] prep. 向著,朝著,對于,關(guān)于
land [lnd] n. & v. 陸地,大地,國土;著陸
fiction [fkn] n. 小說,虛構(gòu),編造
science fiction 科幻小說
technology [teknld] n. 科技,工藝
French [frent] n.& adj. 法語,法國人(的)
pop [pp] n. 流行音樂
rock [rɑk] n. 巖石,搖滾樂
band [bnd] n. 樂隊(duì)
country music 鄉(xiāng)村音樂
forever [frev(r)] adv. 永遠(yuǎn)
abroad [br:d] adv. 在國外,到國外
actually [ktli] adv. 真實(shí)地,實(shí)際上,說實(shí)在的
ever since 自從
fan [fn] n. 樂趣
southern [sn] adj. 南方的
modern [mdn] adj. 現(xiàn)代的,現(xiàn)代化的
success [skses] n. 成功
belong [bil] v. 屬于
one another 互相
laughter [lɑ:ft(r)] n. 笑,笑聲
beauty [bju:ti] n. 美麗,美好的事物
million [miljn] num. 百萬
record [rek:d] n. & v. 記錄,唱片;錄制,錄音
introduce [ntrdju:s] v. 介紹,傳入,引進(jìn)
line [lain] n. 排,隊(duì),列
Alex 亞歷克斯
Garth Brooks 加斯.布魯克斯
the Beatles 披頭四樂隊(duì)
Treasure Island 《金銀島》
Alice in Wonderland《愛麗絲夢游仙境》
Little Women 《小婦人》
Oliver Twist 奧利佛.崔斯特
Robinson Grusoe 魯濱遜.克魯索
Tom Sawyer 湯姆.索亞
Harry Potter 哈利.波特
Nashville 納什維爾
Tennessee 美國田納西州
Country Music Hall of Fame Musuem 鄉(xiāng)村音樂名人堂
Unit8 知識梳理
【重點(diǎn)詞組】
1.on page 25 在第25頁
2. the back of the book 書的背面
3. hurry up 趕快;匆忙
. in two weeks 在兩周之內(nèi)
5. go out to sea 出海
6. an island full of treasures 一個(gè)滿是寶藏的島嶼
7. w rite about 寫作關(guān)于……的內(nèi)容
8. finish doing sth. 做完某事
9. w ait for another ship 等待另一艘船到來
10. learn to do sth. 學(xué)會(huì)做某事
11. grow fruits and vegetables 種水果和蔬菜
12. a few weeks ago 幾個(gè)星期前
13. the marks of another man’ s feet 另一個(gè)人的腳印
14. not long after that 不久之后
15. run towards sp. 跑向某地
16. use...to do sth. 用……來做某事
17. signs left behind by someone 某人留下的標(biāo)記
18. read the newspaper 看報(bào)
19. science fiction 科幻小說
20. can’ t w ait to do sth. 迫不及待地做某事
21. a good way to wake up 醒來的一個(gè)好辦法
22. number of people 人數(shù)
23. used to do sth. (過去)常常做某事
24. study abroad 在國外學(xué)習(xí)
25. make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事
26. come to realize 開始意識到
27. ever since then 自從那時(shí)起
28. the southern states of America 美國的南部地區(qū)
29. belong to 屬于
30. be kind to each other 善待彼此
31. trust one another 互相信任
32. the beauty of nature 大自然的美
33. have been to sp. 去過某地
34. do some research on sth. 對……做研究
35. hope to do sth. 希望做某事
36. see sb. do sth. 看到某人做某事
37. the firs t line in the song歌曲的第一行
38. enjoy success in享受……的成功
39. at the end of the day傍晚的時(shí)候
【重點(diǎn)句型】
1.— Have you read little Women yet? 你讀過《小婦人》嗎?
— Yes,I have. /No,I havent. 是的,我讀過。/ 不,我沒有。
2. — Has Tina read Treasure Island yet?
蒂娜讀過《金銀島》這本書嗎?
— Yes, she has. She thinks i t s fantastic.
是的,她讀過。她覺得它很棒。
3. Would you like something to drink?
你要來點(diǎn)喝的嗎?
4. I heard you lost your key.
我聽說你丟鑰匙了。
5.She came to realize how much she actually missed all of them.
她開始意識到,事實(shí)上她是多么想念他們所有的人。
【語法講解】
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) (Present Perfect Tense)
(1)表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。
—It’s so dark. 太黑了。
—Someone has turned off the light. 有人把燈關(guān)上了。
(2)表示從過去某一時(shí)間開始并一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。
常與since+過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn),for+一段時(shí)間,since+時(shí)間段+ego, so far等時(shí)間狀語連用。
Eg. I have lived here for ten years.我已經(jīng)住在這里10年了。(從10年前開始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在還住這兒)
Eg. I have lived here since 2003. 自從2003年我就住在這兒。(從2003年開始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在還住這兒)
(3) 基本結(jié)構(gòu)及句型轉(zhuǎn)換:主語+have/has+過去分詞(done) (當(dāng)主語是第三人稱單數(shù)has,其余人稱用have。)
、倏隙ň洌褐髡Z+have/has+過去分詞+其他 I have finished my homework. (肯定句)
②否定句:主語+have/has+not+過去分詞+其他 I have not finished my homework. (否定句)
、垡话阋蓡柧洌篐ave/Has+主語+過去分詞+其他
—Have you finished your homework?
—Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t, (一般疑問句及肯定、否定回答)
(4)has gone (to), has been (to), has been (in) 的區(qū)別
Have/Has gone(to) :去了(現(xiàn)在不在說話現(xiàn)場)
Eg. ---Where is your father?
---He has gone to Shanghai.
Have/Has been (to) :去過(已不在去過的地方)
Eg. My father has been to Shanghai.
Have/has been in:呆了多久(還在所呆的地方)
Eg. My father has been in Shanghai for two months. =My father has been in Shanghai since two months ago.
(5)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的標(biāo)志:
、俪Ecjust, already, yet, ever, never, before, so far 等連用,強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的完成,不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的持續(xù)。
Have you ever been to Japan? I have just finished my homework.
、趂or + 時(shí)間段;since + 過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn);since + 段時(shí)間 ago;since + 一般過去時(shí)的句子。
They have known each other for five years. Since he was a child, he has lived in England.
(6)動(dòng)詞過去式和過去分詞的變化
規(guī)則變化:1. 一般在動(dòng)詞詞尾直接加ed。如:pick → picked → picked; wish → wished → wished; stay → stayed → stayed
2. 以不發(fā)音的'e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞后面加d。如:like → liked → liked; hope → hoped → hoped; phone → phoned → phoned
3. 以―輔音字母 + y‖結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,變y為i,再加-ed。如:study → studied → studied; hurry → hurried → hurried; reply → replied → replied
4. 詞尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)動(dòng)詞,要雙寫輔音字母,再加-ed。如:stop → stopped → stopped; clap → clapped → clapped
不規(guī)則變化:
5. 以不變應(yīng)萬變。如:let → let → let; put → put → put; read → read → read
6. 若中間有雙寫e,則去掉一個(gè)e,單詞末尾再加t。如:
feel → felt → felt; keep → kept → kept; sleep → slept → slept
7. 結(jié)尾的字母d變t。如:lend → lent → lent; build → built → built; send → sent → sent
8. 變?yōu)橐?ought或-aught結(jié)尾。如:buy → bought → bought;
bring → brought → brought; catch → caught → caught; teach → taught → taught
【話題寫作】
請你根據(jù)下表中所提供的信息以“Learn to express thanks”為題,用英語寫一篇演講稿。
背 景
1.認(rèn)為上中學(xué)時(shí)吃好穿好是應(yīng)該的;
2.走向社會(huì)后沒有感恩意識。
學(xué)會(huì)感恩
1.感謝社會(huì)提供良好的教育機(jī)會(huì);
2.感謝父母供養(yǎng)自己上學(xué);
3.感謝老師傳授知識;
4.感謝朋友的鼓勵(lì)與幫助。
參考詞匯:enter society 進(jìn)入社會(huì), sense of thanks 感恩意識, behavior 行為
要求:
1.短文應(yīng)包括所提供的所有內(nèi)容,可以適當(dāng)發(fā)揮,不要簡單翻譯;
2.演講稿中不得出現(xiàn)真實(shí)的人名、地名及能夠透露你個(gè)人身份的信息;
3.詞數(shù):80詞左右。開頭和結(jié)尾已給出,不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。
參考范文:
Good morning, boys and girls!
The topic of my speech today is “Learn to express thanks”. We find some students want to eat well and wear fashionable clothes at school. When they leave school and enter society, they don’t know how to show any sense of thanks.
I think this behavior is not correct. As students, we should learn to express thanks. The society offers us a chance to receive good education. And our parents also support us to go to school. Our teachers teach us much knowledge, so we should thank them. We should also thank our friends because they can always give us courage and help.
In the future, we should never forget our society, parents, teachers and friends. At present, we should study harder to make our world more beautiful. Thank you for your listening.
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