初三英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí)
初三是一個(gè)非常關(guān)鍵的學(xué)年，孩子們都在努力學(xué)習(xí)，為了能夠考出一個(gè)好的成績(jī)。下面是小編整理收集的初三英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí)資料，歡迎閱讀參考！
八種動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)，有的只要求達(dá)到理解層次，有的則要求達(dá)到熟練運(yùn)用層次。至少其中五種時(shí)態(tài)包括過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)是要求達(dá)到熟練運(yùn)用層次的，而且其考查方式肯定不會(huì)以某一時(shí)態(tài)的獨(dú)立形式出現(xiàn)，而是時(shí)態(tài)的綜合運(yùn)用，尤其要重視各種時(shí)態(tài)之間的區(qū)別。
找出它們之間的不同冠詞的用法.
現(xiàn)以冠詞為例：
1.John was given _______ orange bag for his birthday but ______ bag was lost just now.
A.an,a B.a,the C.the,a D.an,the
2.There's ________ old tree near _______ house. A.a,an B.an,the C.a,the D.the,a
3.There is ___ 800-metre-long road behind ___ hospital.A.an,an B.a,a C.an,the D.a,the
4._______ good,kind girl she is! A.How B.What a C.What D.How a
5.________ bad weather!I hope it won't last long. A.How B.What C.What a D.How a
6._______ they are listening to the teacher!
A.How careful B.What careful C.How carefully D.What carefully
由上例題我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)冠詞和感嘆句是必考內(nèi)容。同樣，象賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序、代詞的格、主謂語(yǔ)一致、動(dòng)詞和介詞的搭配、近義詞的比較以及習(xí)慣表達(dá)法和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的使用等，無(wú)一不在考查之列。 所有這一切語(yǔ)言基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)，我都將通過(guò)對(duì)典型試題的解題分析，展開(kāi)討論，分層展示難易對(duì)比，系統(tǒng)歸納。 對(duì)于語(yǔ)言基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)是這樣處理，那么對(duì)以能力測(cè)試為主要目的的中考其他試題形式又該怎么辦呢? 這里我們以一篇完形填空題為例：
A poor farmer had never left his small village.After he(1) a lot of money,he decided to spend a holiday in an expensive hotel(旅館)in a bigtown.(2)lunch time came on his first day there,he went to eat in the restaurant(餐館)of the hotel(3) his new clothes.The head waiter(服務(wù)員)(4)him to the table,took his order and went away.When he turned and (5)the farmer again,he had a (6)!The farmer had tied(系)his table cloth round his (7).
The head waiter told another waiter to go to the farmer and (8) him that people (9) do such a thing in his restaurant.So the waiter went tothe farmer and said in a (10) voice(聲音),"Good morning,sir.Would you like a haircut?"
1.A.lent B.made C.paid D.gave
2.A.During B.Though C.When D.Because
3.A.for B.with C.on D.in 4.A.wanted B.put C.showed D.brought
5.A.looked at B.watched C.saw D.found 6.A.look B.rest C.table cloth D.surprise
7.A.arm B.neck C.hand D.head 8.A.ask B.tell C.taught D.told
9.A.can't B.don't C.won't D.mustn't 10.A.friendly B.tired C.sad D.ter
要求考生從所給的選項(xiàng)中選出正確答案，使補(bǔ)足后的短文意思通順，結(jié)構(gòu)完整。對(duì)此，考生必須通篇考慮，不能拿來(lái)就做，那樣必然顧此失彼，前后意思不得連貫。目前的中考完型還側(cè)重于語(yǔ)法，這將在逐年試題的變革中轉(zhuǎn)向按上下文的要求來(lái)推斷理解。
在解這類題時(shí)，必須掌握“詞感現(xiàn)象”，注意學(xué)會(huì)區(qū)分“干擾項(xiàng)”。所謂詞感，“the sense of word"是指一種對(duì)詞或詞群的感受能力。對(duì)詞的感受力強(qiáng)，在解題時(shí)會(huì)較為容易地找到它與情景的關(guān)系。詞感并不僅僅指詞與詞之間的細(xì)微差異，也并不注重詞的搭配與組合，它較多地強(qiáng)調(diào)選用恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~，以利于對(duì)情景作出合乎邏輯的判斷。同時(shí)也就把其它三個(gè)作為干擾項(xiàng)的選擇項(xiàng)排除掉了。最后復(fù)讀一篇全文，就會(huì)語(yǔ)感流暢，句意明確。
這兒舉例的目的是想說(shuō)明，我從一個(gè)較高的立意來(lái)對(duì)中考題型，特別是完形、閱讀等，進(jìn)行分析、探討，借以使同學(xué)們獲得較為完整的解題思路和解題方法。
一、名詞
關(guān)于名詞，我們必須掌握名詞的數(shù)，名詞的格。
單數(shù)可用a、an來(lái)修飾可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，在元音發(fā)音開(kāi)頭的單詞前用an，而不是a
1.復(fù)數(shù)的構(gòu)成方法：(1)一般在復(fù)數(shù)名詞后加s，如：dog--dogs。
(2)以s、x、ch、sh結(jié)尾的名詞加es，如：watch--watches。
(3)以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞，變y為i加es， 如：country--countries。
請(qǐng)區(qū)別：如果是元音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞，則只須加s。 如：monkey--monkeys。
(4)以o結(jié)尾的名詞，只有potato(土豆)，tomato(西紅柿)加es構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù)。
(5)以f、fe結(jié)尾的名詞，變f、fe為v再加es， 如：knife--knives。
2.單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同的詞：sheep--sheep，fish--fish Chinese--Chinese，Japanese--Japanese
3.特殊變化的單詞有：(1)tooth--teeth，foot--feeth
(2)man--men，woman--women，policeman--policemen,Frenchman--Frenchmen
請(qǐng)區(qū)別：German(德國(guó)人)—Germans (3)child—children
4.常以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的名詞：people(人)，clothes(衣服)，trousers(褲子) glasses(眼鏡) ,這些名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，同學(xué)們應(yīng)特別注意它們的謂語(yǔ)，用復(fù)數(shù)。 如：My clothes are (be) newer than yours.
5.有些名詞看似復(fù)數(shù)形式，實(shí)際上是單數(shù)。這一點(diǎn)是同學(xué)不易掌握的，應(yīng)特別加以記憶。如：news(消息)，maths(數(shù)學(xué))，physics(物理) No news is good news.
6.可用how many，many，a few，few，a lot of，lots of，some，any等來(lái)修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。 How many are there in your pencil-box?(knife)
不可數(shù)名詞：1.常見(jiàn)的`不可數(shù)名詞有：water，rice，fish，meat，等。應(yīng)特別記medicine,news,work,homework,housework,money,chalk,weather,cotton,wood.
2.不可數(shù)名詞無(wú)復(fù)數(shù)，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)�？闯蓡螖�(shù)。如：Some bread__________over there.(be)
3.常用how much,much,a little,little,a lot of,some,any等來(lái)修飾不可數(shù)名詞。
4.常用a piece of,a cup of等來(lái)表示不可數(shù)名詞的量。如要表達(dá)“兩片面包”這樣的意義，bread仍為不可數(shù)名詞，不加s，而piece則可加s。即：twopiecesof bread
請(qǐng)區(qū)別：可數(shù)名詞也可用量來(lái)表示， 如：三箱蘋果three boxes of apples
例： 1、These two pieces of bread __________over there.(be)
2、Could I have three ___________,please?
A.piece of bread B.piece of breads C.pieces of bread D.pieces of breads
名詞的格 名詞所有格的構(gòu)成方法，在名詞后加“ 's”。如：Tom→Tom's譯為“…的”，若遇上以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，則在s后加“ '”即可。如：Teachers'Day , twoweeks'holiday，而不以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞的所有格，仍按慣例加's 。如：Children's Day
關(guān)于名詞所有格，應(yīng)掌握以下幾點(diǎn)：
1.可用名詞所有格表示地點(diǎn)。 如：my aunt's 我姑姑家。 go to the doctor's 去醫(yī)生家。
2.表示兩人共同擁有，在最后一個(gè)名詞后加's 如：Lucy and Lily's 露西和莉莉的
3.掌握詞組：a girl of five 一個(gè)五歲的女孩 a friend of mine 我的一個(gè)朋友
eg;The white shirt is and blue one is . A、Kate,my B.Kate's,mine C.Kate,mine D.Kate's,my
二、冠詞
冠詞是詞匯中的基礎(chǔ)的，也是簡(jiǎn)單的部分，所以同學(xué)們有必要掌握其基本用法，歸納起來(lái)，同學(xué)們應(yīng)該掌握以下幾點(diǎn)： 1.冠詞指不定冠詞a,an和定冠詞the
2.不定冠詞an常用于元音發(fā)音開(kāi)頭的詞前，如：an hour,an English car. 請(qǐng)區(qū)別：a useful machine
3.指上文提到過(guò)的人或物，用定冠詞the
4.在世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物前用定冠詞the.如：the sun,the moon,the earth
5.定冠詞the用于序數(shù)詞前，表示方位的名詞和形容詞最高級(jí)前。如：the first,the best ,in the south
6.在復(fù)數(shù)姓氏前加the，表示××一家人，�？闯蓮�(fù)數(shù)。
如：The Browns are going to Shanghai for a holiday this summer.
7.在介詞短語(yǔ)中常用定冠詞the，如：in the box ,behind the chair
8.特別注意不能用定冠詞the的幾個(gè)方面：
(1)在節(jié)日、星期、月份、季節(jié)、年等詞前不用冠詞。如：in summer,in August
請(qǐng)區(qū)別：in the spring of 1945. (這里表示特指，故加the)
(2)一日三餐和球類運(yùn)動(dòng)名不用冠詞。 如：have breakfast ,play football
(3)一些固定詞組中，如：go to bed ,go to school,by bus ,at night.
9.在有些詞組中，有冠詞和無(wú)冠詞意思不同，請(qǐng)注意區(qū)別：
in front of 在…前面 in the hospital 在醫(yī)院里
in the front of 在…范圍內(nèi)的前部 in hospital (生病)住院
練習(xí):There's _________800-metre-long road behind _________hospital.
A.an,an B.a, a C.an, the D.a, the
三、數(shù)詞
同學(xué)們首先應(yīng)會(huì)讀會(huì)寫所有基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞，以及與數(shù)詞有關(guān)的鐘點(diǎn)表達(dá)法。對(duì)數(shù)詞的考查，中考常采用單選題及聽(tīng)力題，這些題型歸納起來(lái)，應(yīng)掌握以下幾點(diǎn)特別容易出錯(cuò)的地方。
1.基數(shù)詞變序數(shù)詞。其規(guī)律為：
1,2,3特殊記，加th從4起 (first,second,third,fourth)
8少t，9去e，千萬(wàn)別忘記 (eighth,ninth) 逢5逢12，ve變f (fifth,twelfth)
20到90，y要變ie (twentieth,ninetieth) 若是幾十幾，前基后序別倒位 (ninety-first)
2.hundred,thousand,million 在構(gòu)成具體的數(shù)字時(shí)用單數(shù)形式。 如：five hundred people. 只有在表達(dá)籠統(tǒng)的多數(shù)時(shí)才加s，構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù)形式。
hundreds of 數(shù)以百計(jì)的，成百上千的 thousands of 數(shù)以千計(jì)的，成千上萬(wàn)的
millions of 數(shù)百萬(wàn)的 這些詞組前不能用具體數(shù)字。
3.序數(shù)詞常與定冠詞the 連用。
練習(xí):①Henry has learned eight _________ French words this year.
A.hundred B.hundreds C.hundred of D.hundreds of
�、赥he _________lesson is the most difficult one in Book Two. (twenty)
另外，同學(xué)們還應(yīng)掌握與數(shù)詞有關(guān)的鐘點(diǎn)表達(dá)法。
順讀法(鐘點(diǎn)+分鐘) 如：4:30 four thirty 4:45 four forty-five
4:15 four fifteen 倒讀法(分鐘+to/past+鐘點(diǎn)) 如：4:30 half past four
4:15 fifteen past four/a quarter past four 4:45 fifteen to five/a quarter to five
練習(xí)題 :
1.At the beginning of the_____(twenty) century,the world's population was about 1700 million.
2.Are these_____(watch)yours? Yes.
3.You don't look well.You'd better go to the______(doctor) at once.
4.Would you give me________,please?
A.two papers B.two piece of paper C.two pieces of paper D.two pieces of papers
5.There are three_____and seven____in the picture.
A.monkeys,sheeps B.monkeys,sheep C.monkies,sheep D.monkies,sheeps
6.A lot of____are talking with two_______.
A.Germans,Frenchmans B.Germen,Frenchmans C.German, Frenchmen D.Germans,Frenchmen
7.June 1 is __. A.the Children's Day B.the Childrens' Day C.Children's Day D.Childrens' Day
8.__________people went out to see what had happened.
A.Thousands of B.Three thousand ofC.Thousand of D.Three thousands
9.We have been in the school for______.
A.three and a half month B.three and a half months
C.three month and a half D.three months and half
10.__________English is___________ useful language. A.A, an B./, a C.The, an D. A, /
11.John was given _______ orange bag for his birthday but ______ bag was lost just now.
A.an,a B.a,the C.the,a D.an,the
12.There's ________ old tree near _______ house. A.a,an B.an,the C.a,the D.the,a
13.There is ________ 800-metre-long road behind _________ hospital.A.an,an B.a,a C.an,the D.a,the
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