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學(xué)術(shù)英語(yǔ)讀寫課文翻譯

時(shí)間:2022-04-01 12:38:41 翻譯 我要投稿

學(xué)術(shù)英語(yǔ)讀寫課文翻譯

  現(xiàn)如今,英語(yǔ)也是非常重要的一門功課,下面是小編收集整理的學(xué)術(shù)英語(yǔ)讀寫課文翻譯,希望大家喜歡。

學(xué)術(shù)英語(yǔ)讀寫課文翻譯

  學(xué)術(shù)英語(yǔ)讀寫課文翻譯 篇1

  cyberspace :if you don't love it ,leave it信息空間:出入隨愿

  something in the American psyche loves new frontiers. We hanker after wide-open spaces ;we like to explore ;we like to make rules but refuse to follow them .But in this age it's hard to find a place where you can go and be yourself without worrying about he neighbours .

  美國(guó)人的內(nèi)心深處具有一種酷愛(ài)探索新領(lǐng)域的氣質(zhì)。我們渴求寬敞的場(chǎng)地,我們喜歡探索,喜歡制定規(guī)章制度,卻不愿去遵守。在當(dāng)今時(shí)代,卻很難找到一塊空間,可以供你任意馳騁,又不必?fù)?dān)心影響你的鄰居。

  There is such a place : cyberspace . Formerly a playground for computer fans ,cyberspace . Formely a playgroundfor computer fans ,cyberspace now embraces every conceivable constituency : school lchildren , flirtatious ,singles ,dirty pictures behind their bedroom doors provoke a crackdown ?

  確實(shí)有這樣一個(gè)空間,那就是信息空間。這里原本是計(jì)算機(jī)迷的游戲天地,但如今只要想像得到的各類人群應(yīng)有盡有,包括少年兒童、輕佻的單身漢、美籍匈牙利人、會(huì)計(jì)等。問(wèn)題是他們都能和睦相處嗎?人們是否會(huì)因?yàn)楹ε潞⒆觽兌阍谂P室里看網(wǎng)上的淫穢圖片而將它封殺?

  The first order of business is to grasp what cyberspace is . It might help to leave beind metaphors 隱喻 of highways and frontiers and to think instead of real estate . Real estate ,remember ,is an intellectual ,legal ,artificial environment constructed on top of land. Real estate recognizes the difference between parkland and shopping mall ,between red-light zone and school district ,between church ,state and drugstore .

  首先要解決的問(wèn)題是,什么是信息空間。我們可以拋開(kāi)高速公路、前沿新領(lǐng)域等比喻,把信息空間看作一個(gè)巨大的房地產(chǎn)。請(qǐng)記住,莊園是人們智慧的結(jié)晶,是合法的、人工營(yíng)造的氛圍,它建立在土地之上。在房地產(chǎn)業(yè)中,公園和商業(yè)中心、紅燈區(qū)與學(xué)校、教堂、政府機(jī)構(gòu)與雜貨店都能區(qū)分開(kāi)來(lái)。

  in the same way , you could think of cyberspace as a giant and unbounded world of virtual real estate .Some property is privatedly owned and rented out ; other property is common land ; some places are suitable for children , and others are best avoided by all citizens . Unfortunately ,it's those places that are now capturing the popular imagination ,places that offer bombmaking instructions ,pornography, advice on how to steal credit cards .They make cyberspace sound like a nasty place . Good citizens jump to a conclusion : Better regulate it .

  你可以用同樣的方法把信息空間想像為一個(gè)巨大的、無(wú)邊無(wú)際的虛擬房地產(chǎn)業(yè)。其中有些房產(chǎn)為私人擁有并已租出,有些是公共場(chǎng)所;有的場(chǎng)所適合兒童出人,而有些地方人們最好避開(kāi)。遺憾的是,正是這些應(yīng)該避開(kāi)的地方使得人們心向神往。這些地方教唆你如何制造炸彈、為你提供淫穢材料、告訴你如何竊取信用卡。所有這些使信息空間聽(tīng)起來(lái)像是一個(gè)十分骯臟的地方。正直的公民紛紛作出這樣的結(jié)論:最好對(duì)它嚴(yán)加管理。

  But before using regulations to counter indecency ,it is fundamental to interpret the nature of cyberspace . Cyberspace isn't a frontier where wicked people can grab unsuspecting children ,nor is it a giant television system that can beam offensive messages at unwilling viewers . In this kind of real estate ,users have to choose where thy visit ,what they see ,what they do .It's optiona .In other words,cyberspace is a voluntary destination --in reality ,many destinations .You don't just get "onto the Net" ;you have to go someplace in particular . That means that people can choose where to go and what to see .Yes , community standards should be enforced ,but those standards set by cyberspace communities themselves ,not by the courts or by politicians in Washington .

  但是,在利用規(guī)章制度來(lái)反擊下流之舉之前,關(guān)鍵是從根本上理解信息空間的性質(zhì)。惡棍并不能在信息空間搶走毫無(wú)提防之心的兒童;信息空間也不像一臺(tái)巨大的電視機(jī),向不情愿的觀眾播放令人作嘔的節(jié)目。在信息空間這個(gè)房地產(chǎn)業(yè)中,用戶對(duì)他們所去之處、所見(jiàn)所聞、所做所為都要作出選擇,一切都出于自愿。換句話說(shuō),信息空間是個(gè)出入自便的地方,實(shí)際上,信息空間里有很多可去之處。人們不能盲目上網(wǎng),必須帶著具體的目標(biāo)上網(wǎng)。這意味著人們可以選擇去哪個(gè)網(wǎng)址、看什么內(nèi)容。不錯(cuò),規(guī)章制度應(yīng)該在群體內(nèi)得以實(shí)施,但這些規(guī)章制度必須由信息空間內(nèi)各個(gè)群體自己來(lái)制定,而不是由法庭或華盛頓的政客們來(lái)制定。

  what makes cyberspace so alluring is precisely the way in which it's different from shopping malls , television ,highways and other terrestrial jurisdictions.But let's define the territor: 信息空間之所以具有如此大的誘惑力,正是因?yàn)樗煌谏虉?chǎng)、電視、公路或地球上的其他地方。那么,讓我們來(lái)描述一下這個(gè)空間。

  First ,there are private e-malil conversations ,similar to the conversations you have over the teleophone .These are private and consensualand require no regulation at all .

  首先,信息空間里人與人之間可以進(jìn)行電子郵件交流。這種交流類似于電話交談,都是私人之間的、兩相情愿的談話,不需要任何規(guī)章制度加以限制。

  Second , there are information and entertainment services , wehre people can download anytihing from legal texts and lists of "great new restaurants " to game software or dirty pictures . These places are like bookstores ,malls and movie houses --places whre you go to buy something .The customer needs to request an item or sign up for a subscription; stuff (especially pornography ) is not sent out to people who don't ask for it .Some of these services are free or included as part of a broader service like ComputerServe or America Online ; others charge may and may bill their customers directly .

  其次,信息空間提供信息與娛樂(lè)服務(wù)。人們可以從中下載各種信息,從法律文件、“大型新飯店”名單,到游戲軟件、下流圖片,無(wú)奇不有。這里如同書店、商場(chǎng)和電影院,屬購(gòu)物區(qū)域。顧客必須通過(guò)索求或者登記來(lái)購(gòu)物,物品(特別是淫穢之物)不會(huì)發(fā)送給那些沒(méi)有索取的人。有些服務(wù)可以

  免費(fèi),或作為總服務(wù)費(fèi)用的一部分計(jì)算,如“計(jì)算機(jī)服務(wù)”和“美國(guó)在線”就是如此。而有些服務(wù)要向顧客收費(fèi),而且可能會(huì)讓顧客直接支付賬單。

  Third ,there are "real" communities ---groups of people who communicate among themselves . In real-estate terms ,they're like bars or restaurants or bathhouses . Each active participate contributes to a general conversation ,generally through posted messages . Other participant may simply listen or watch .Some services are supervised by a moderator ; others are more like bulletin boards ---anyone is free to post anything .Many of these services started out unmoderated but are now imposing rules to keep out unwanted advertising ,extraneous discussions or increasingly rude participants .

  三,信息空間里還有真正意義上的群體,那就是在內(nèi)部互相交流思想的人群。從莊園的角度來(lái)看,這些群體就像酒吧、飯店或公共浴室。每個(gè)活躍的人都積極參與談話,談話一般通過(guò)郵件方式進(jìn)行;而有的人也許只充當(dāng)旁觀者或旁聽(tīng)者。有些活動(dòng)由專人監(jiān)督,有些則像公告牌,任何人可以任意在上面張貼。很多活動(dòng)起初都無(wú)人監(jiān)督,但現(xiàn)在實(shí)行強(qiáng)制管理,用規(guī)章制度來(lái)掃除那些不受歡迎的廣告、不相干的討論或日漸粗魯?shù)某蓡T。

  cyberspace communitis evolve just the way terrestrial ommunities do : people with like-minded interests band together . Every cyberspace community has its own character . Overall , the communities on CompuServe tend t be more professsional ; those on AmericaOnline , affluent young singles ;Prodigy family-oriented itself there are lots of passionate non-commercial discussion groups on topics ranging from Hungarian politics (hungary Online ) copyright law .

  信息空間里群體的演變過(guò)程正如陸地社會(huì)團(tuán)體的演變過(guò)程,即情趣相投的人們聚在一起。信息空間里每一個(gè)團(tuán)體都各具特色。總的來(lái)說(shuō),“計(jì)算機(jī)服務(wù)”上的團(tuán)體一般由專業(yè)技術(shù)人員組成;“美國(guó)在線”上的團(tuán)體一般為富有的獨(dú)身者;“奇才”主要面向家庭。另外還有一些具有獨(dú)到見(jiàn)解的服務(wù)機(jī)構(gòu),“共鳴”為其中之一,是紐約市中心一家時(shí)髦的服務(wù)機(jī)構(gòu)。再如“婦女專線”,是專為女性開(kāi)辟的,她們希望逃避網(wǎng)上其他地方盛行的男性文化。就因特網(wǎng)本身也有大量情緒激昂的討論小組,都屬非商業(yè)性質(zhì),討論話題廣泛,從匈牙利政治(匈牙利在線)到版權(quán)法,無(wú)所不及。

  what's unique about cyberspace is that it allows communities of any size and kind to flourish ; in cyberspace ,communities are chosen by the users , not forced on them by accidents of geography . This freedom gives the rules that precise in cyberspace a moral authority that rules in terrestrial environments don't have . Most people are stuck in the country of their birth, but if you don't like the rules of a given cyberspace community ,they can restrict their children's access to it .

  信息空間的獨(dú)特之處在于允許任何規(guī)模、任何種類的團(tuán)體發(fā)展繁榮。在信息空間,用戶自愿參加任何團(tuán)體,而不是因?yàn)榈乩砦恢玫那珊隙黄葏⒓幽硞(gè)團(tuán)體。這種自由賦予主宰信息空間的準(zhǔn)則一種道義上的權(quán)威,這種權(quán)威是地球空間里的準(zhǔn)則所沒(méi)有的。多數(shù)

  人呆在自己出生的國(guó)土上動(dòng)彈不得,而在信息空間,假若你不喜歡某一群體的準(zhǔn)則,脫離這個(gè)群體即可。出入自由。同樣,如果做父母的不喜歡某一群體的準(zhǔn)則,便可以限制孩子,不讓他們參與。

  what's likely to happen in cyberspace is the formation of new communities ,free of the constraits that cause conflict on earth . Instead of a global village ,which is a nice dream but impossible to manage , we'll have invented another world of self-contained communities that cater to their own members' inclinations without interfering with anyoneelse's The possibility of a real market-style evolution of governance is at hand .In cyberpace ,we'll be able to test and evolve rules governing what needs to be governed --intellectual property ,content and access control , rules about privacy and free speech .Some communities will allow anyone in ;others will restrict access to members who qualify on one basis or another .Those communites that prove self-sustaining will prosper (and perhaps grow and split into subsets wiht ever-more-particular interests and identities ) Those that can't survive --either because people lose interest or get scared off --will simply wither away .

  在信息空間,可能會(huì)發(fā)生的情況是形成新的群體,新群體的形成不像在地球上那樣受到限制,產(chǎn)生沖突。我們不是要建立一個(gè)夢(mèng)寐以求、而又難以管理的'全球村,而是要建立一個(gè)由各種獨(dú)立的、不受外界影響的群體組成的世界,這些群體將投其成員所好,而又不干涉他人。一種真正的市場(chǎng)型管理模式很快成為可能。在信息空間,我們將能夠檢驗(yàn)并完善所需要的管理制度——知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)制度、服務(wù)內(nèi)容與使用權(quán)的控制制度、個(gè)人隱私權(quán)與自由言論制度等。有些群體允許任何人加入,而有些則只允許符合這樣或那樣條件的人加入。能夠自立的群體會(huì)興旺發(fā)展(或許也會(huì)因?yàn)橹救づc身份日趨特殊,而發(fā)展成為幾個(gè)分支)。有些群體或因?yàn)槌蓡T失去興趣,或因?yàn)槌蓡T被嚇跑而不能幸存下來(lái),它們將漸漸萎縮消亡。

  in the near future ,explorers in cyberspace will need to get better at defining and identifying their communities . they will need to put in place --and accept ---their own local governments apart from terrestrial governments ,just as the owners of expensive real estatet often have their own security guards though they can call in the police to get ride of undesirable customers .

  在不久的將來(lái),信息空間的探索者應(yīng)該更善于解釋和辨別各群體的性質(zhì)。除了現(xiàn)實(shí)中的政府之外,他們將有必要安置并接受自己的地方政府,就如同豪華莊園的業(yè)主一樣.盡管可以叫警察來(lái)驅(qū)逐不受歡迎的顧客,但還是寧愿雇傭自己的保安。

  then what should be done about undesirable material in cyberspace ? What to do ,for instance ,about pornography . The answer is labeling ,besides banning ,questionable material .it makes sense for cyberspace participants themselves to agree on a scheme for uestionable items ,so that people or automatic filters can avoid them . It's easy enough for

  software manufacturers to build an automatioc filter that would prevent you or your child from ever seeing the undesired item on a menu . (it's as if all the items were wrapped , with labels on the wrapper.)

  Someone who posted pornographic material under the title "Kid-Fun" could be sued for mislabeling .

  那么,該如何處置信息空間不受歡迎的材料呢?例如,淫穢材料該怎么辦?答案除了禁止以外,就是在有問(wèn)題的材料上貼上標(biāo)簽。信息空間的成員對(duì)有問(wèn)題的內(nèi)容應(yīng)該達(dá)成共識(shí),拿出一個(gè)解決方案來(lái),使人們或自動(dòng)過(guò)濾系統(tǒng)避開(kāi)這些內(nèi)容,這樣可能會(huì)有助于解決問(wèn)題。軟件制造商很容易建立一套自動(dòng)過(guò)濾系統(tǒng),使你和孩子們?cè)诓藛紊弦?jiàn)不到不想見(jiàn)到的內(nèi)容。(就好像所有的內(nèi)容都被包裝了起來(lái),并在包裝紙上貼有標(biāo)簽。)如果有人在色情材料上貼上“童趣”的標(biāo)簽,便可能會(huì)因錯(cuò)貼標(biāo)簽而被起訴。

  Without a lot of fanfare , private enterprises and local groups are already producing a variety of labeling services ,along with kid-oriented sites like Kidlink and Kid's Space .People differ in their tastes and values and can find services on the Net that suit them in the same way they select books and magazines . Or they can wonder freely if they prefer , making up their own itinerary .

  一些私人組織和地方團(tuán)體已經(jīng)在不聲不晌地建立各種標(biāo)簽服務(wù)系統(tǒng),并建立了適合兒童的網(wǎng)站,如“兒童連接”、“兒童空間”等。具有不同品味和抱有不同價(jià)值觀念的人如同挑選書刊、雜志一樣,可以從網(wǎng)上挑選出適合自己的服務(wù)機(jī)構(gòu)。如果愿意,他們還可以在網(wǎng)上無(wú)拘無(wú)束地逍遙漫游,完成自己的旅程。

  In the end , our society needs to grow up . Growing up means understanding thtat there are no perfect answers , no all-purpose solutions , no government sanctioned safe havens .We haven't created a perfect society on earth , and we won't have one in cyberspace either . But at least we can have individual choice and individual responsibility .

  總之,我們的社會(huì)需要發(fā)展,要發(fā)展就意味著我們必須明白,世上沒(méi)有完美無(wú)缺的答案,沒(méi)有能夠解決各種問(wèn)題的妙方,沒(méi)有政府認(rèn)可的安全避難所。我們不能在地球上建立一個(gè)十全十美的社會(huì),同樣也不能在信息空間營(yíng)造一個(gè)這樣的社會(huì)。但是至少我們可以有個(gè)人的選擇——也有個(gè)人的責(zé)任。

  學(xué)術(shù)英語(yǔ)讀寫課文翻譯 篇2

  Unit 1 We need someone like Superman who can save Tony.

  大明:澳,天那!相機(jī)在哪里?托尼的爸爸將會(huì)說(shuō)什么?

  貝蒂:這像一個(gè)卡通故事。

  玲玲:為什么?

  貝蒂:我能想象出這個(gè)卡通片里的每一幅畫面,并且我知道結(jié)局會(huì)是什么樣。

  大明:我喜歡許多笑話的卡通片。

  玲玲:但這不是可笑的事,這是嚴(yán)肅的。

  貝蒂:這不是讓你發(fā)笑的那些卡通片之一。

  大明:并且我喜歡的人物是像潮人或蝙蝠俠那樣的英雄。

  玲玲:我們需要像超人一樣的能救托尼的人……

  杰克遜先生:你好,我正在尋找托尼。

  大明:他在那兒!

  杰克遜先生:你能告訴他我想和他說(shuō)幾句話嗎?我有一部上面有他的名字的相機(jī),它在樓上。

  大明:那是好消息。要我給他嗎?

  杰克遜先生:好吧!給你。

  貝蒂:澳,托尼的爸爸正在過(guò)去和他說(shuō)話。

  大明:如果托尼告訴他爸爸他把借來(lái)的相機(jī)弄丟的,他就有煩的。

  玲玲:我們?cè)趺茨茏屚心嶂牢覀円呀?jīng)找到他爸爸的相機(jī)的呢?

  大明:我知道!讓我們照張相。他會(huì)看到閃光燈。

  貝蒂:那是個(gè)聰明的主意!把它給我!

  玲玲:好,那可能不是很有趣,但或許它會(huì)是一部有一個(gè)快樂(lè)結(jié)局的卡通片。

  貝蒂:而且我將是超人!

  Unit 2 There are several fan clubs in china which have held birthday parties for Tintin.

  尼莫,一條聰明的橘色與白色相間的魚和史瑞克,一個(gè)巨大的綠色怪物,在中國(guó)和全世界年輕人中大受歡迎。這些受歡迎的卡通英雄到處都是,在辦公桌上,手提包上,及電腦屏幕上。

  但有一些比較老的受歡迎的卡通片。卡通片猴王剛過(guò)的它的“四十歲生日”。這部叫《大鬧天宮》的卡通片講述的一個(gè)帶領(lǐng)一群猴子反對(duì)天條的猴子的故事。但是,人們印象最深的是那個(gè)猴子所作的惡作劇!棒[翻的天”成為父親(母親)或老板回到家或辦公室里看見(jiàn)臟亂場(chǎng)面時(shí)的普遍表達(dá)。

  另一個(gè)受歡迎的,在中國(guó)慶祝的一個(gè)重要生日的卡通人物是一名留著紅頭發(fā)、帶有一條白色小狗的記者。自從比利時(shí)卡通畫家艾爾勢(shì)在1929年創(chuàng)作的這個(gè)人物以來(lái),丁丁已經(jīng)流行的75年的。他的書已經(jīng)被翻譯成50多種語(yǔ)言,并且大約已經(jīng)買的兩億本。在1984年12月丁丁整個(gè)系列開(kāi)始在中國(guó)發(fā)行。很多中國(guó)人仍舊收集有許多黑白版的有關(guān)丁丁的書。在中國(guó)有幾家影迷俱樂(lè)部在北京、上海、廣州、南京和武漢為丁丁舉行的生日聚會(huì)。

  最后,史努比,查理布朗創(chuàng)作的生活在他的私人夢(mèng)幻世界里的可愛(ài)的狗,也在2000年由中國(guó)的史努比影迷們慶祝的它的“五十歲生日”。

  “我不只給孩子創(chuàng)作卡通片。有生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)的成年人能更好地理解它們。”查爾斯舒爾茨,史努比和動(dòng)畫片《花生米》的創(chuàng)作者后來(lái)說(shuō)。

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