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英語四級(jí)長篇閱讀段落信息匹配題練習(xí)題
在學(xué)習(xí)、工作乃至生活中，大家一定都接觸過一些使用較為普遍的段落吧，有的段落只有一個(gè)句子，稱為獨(dú)句段，獨(dú)句段一般是文章的開頭段、結(jié)尾段、過渡段強(qiáng)調(diào)段等特殊的段落。段落的類型有很多，你都知道嗎？下面是小編為大家整理的英語四級(jí)長篇閱讀段落信息匹配題練習(xí)題，歡迎閱讀，希望大家能夠喜歡。
英語四級(jí)長篇閱讀段落信息匹配題練習(xí)題 1
Definitions of Obesity
A) How does one define when a person is considered to be obese and not just somewhat overweight? Height-weight tables give an approximate guideline as to whether one is simply overweight or has passed into the obese stage.
B) The World Health Organization recommends using a formula that takes into account a persons height and weight. The "Body Mass Index" (BMI) is calculated by dividing the persons weight in kilograms by the square of their height in meters, and is thus given in units of kg/m2. A BMI of 18.5-24.9 is considered to be the healthiest. A BMI of between 25 and 29.9 is considered to be overweight, while a BMI of over 30 is considered to be obese.
C) However, it is recognized that this definition is limited as it does not take into account such variables as age, gender and ethnic origin, the latter being important as different ethnic groups have very different fat distributions. Another shortcoming is that it is not applicable to certain very muscular people such as athletes and bodybuilders, who can also have artificially high BMIs. Agencies such as the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) in the USA and the International Diabetes Foundation (IDF) are starting to define obesity in adults simply in terms of waist circumference.
Health Effects of Obesity
D) Over 2000 years ago, the Greek physician Hippocrates wrote that "persons who are naturally very fat are apt to die earlier than those who are slender". This observation remains very true today. Obesity has a major impact on a persons physical, social and emotional well-being. It increases the risk of developing diabetes mellitus type 2 ("mature onset diabetes") and also makes Type 2 diabetes more difficult to control. Thus weight loss improves the levels of blood glucose and blood fats, and reduces blood pressure. The association between obesity and coronary heart disease is also well-known.
Cancer
E) Furthermore, in 2001 medical researchers established a link between being overweight and certain forms of cancer, and estimated that nearly 10,000 Britons per year develop cancer as a result of being overweight. This figure was made up of 5,893 women and 3,220 men, with the strongest associations being with breast and colon cancers. However, it is thought that being overweight may also increase the risk of cancer in the reproductive organs for women and in the prostate gland for men.
F) The link between breast cancer and nutritional status is thought to be due to the steroid hormones oestrogen and progesterone, which are produced by the ovaries, and govern a womans menstrual cycle. Researchers have found that the more a woman eats, or the more sedentary her lifestyle, the higher are the concentrations of progesterone. This link could explain why women from less affluent countries have lower rates of breast cancer. Women from less affluent nations tend to eat less food and to lead lifestyles which involve more daily movement. This lowers their progesterone level, resulting in lower predisposition to breast cancer.
G) The Times newspaper, in 2002 reported that obesity was the main avoidable cause of cancer among non-smokers in the Western world!
Aging
H) Research published by St Thomas Hospital, London, UK in 2005 showed a correlation between body fat and aging, to the extent that being obese added 8.8 years to a womans biological age. The effect was exacerbated by smoking, and a non-overweight woman who smokes 20 cigarettes a day for 20 years added 7.4 years to their biological age. The combination of being obese and a smoker added at least ten years to a woman’s biological age, and although the study only involved women, the lead researcher Professor Tim Spector believes the finding would also apply to men.
I) The aging effect was determined by measuring the length of telomeres, tiny "caps" on the ends of chromosomes, which help protect the DNA from the ageing process. Indeed, telomeres have been dubbed the "chromosomal clock" because, as an organism ages, they become progressively shorter, and can be used to determine the age of the organism. Beyond a certain point, the telomere becomes so short that it is no longer able to prevent the DNA of the chromosome from falling apart. It is believed that excess body fat, and the chemicals present in tobacco smoke release free radicals which trigger inflammation. Inflammation causes the production of white blood cells which increases the rate of erosion of telomeres.
Dementia
J) Recent research (2005) conducted in the USA shows that obesity in middle age is linked to an increased risk of dementia, with obese people in their 40s being 74% more likely to develop dementia compared to those of normal weight. For those who are merely overweight, the lifetime risk of dementia risk was 35% higher.
K) Scientists from the Aging Research Centre at the Karolinska Institute in Sweden have been able to take information such as age, number of years in education, gender, body mass index, blood pressure level, physical activity and genetic factors, assigning each a risk score. They then used this information to devise a predictive test for dementia. This test will enable people at risk, for the first time, to be able to affect lifestyle changes which will reduce their risk of contracting dementia.
Other Problems
L) The world-wide upsurge in obesity, particularly in children, is of major economic concern, liable to drain economies. Of further concern is that research conducted in Australia and published in 2006, shows that up to one third of breech pregnancies were undetected by the traditional "palpation" examination, the danger being greatest for those women who are overweight or obese—a growing proportion of mothers. This means that such women are not getting the treatment required to turn the baby around in time for the birth, and in many cases require an emergency Caesarean section.
M) This is a true health-care crisis, far bigger than Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and ultimately, even bigger than AIDS.
對(duì)應(yīng)題目：
1. You can judge whether one is simply overweight or has passed into the obese stage according to the height-weight table.
2. Using the "Body Mass Index" to define a persons weight ideal is limited, because it does not takes into account many variables such as age, gender and ethnic origin.
3. A persons emotional well-being would be affected by obesity.
4. Obesity has something to do with cancer in the prostate gland for man.
5. Women from less affluent nations tend to have much less breast cancer.
6. A non-overweight woman who smokes 20 cigarettes a day for 20 years added 7.4 years to her biological age.
7. The excess body fat, like the chemicals present in tobacco smoke, can lead to inflammation.
8. Obese people in middle age run an increased risk of dementia .
9. The predictive test for dementia will help people to affect lifestyle changes that will reduce their risk of contracting dementia.
10. The world-wide upsurge in obesity, particularly in children, will possibly drain economies.
參考答案：
1. A2. C3. D4. E5. F6. H7. I8. J9. K10. L
英語四級(jí)長篇閱讀段落信息匹配題練習(xí)題 2
Deborah Kennys "Born to Rise" Tells Story of Harlem Village Academies
A) Deborah Kenny, CEO of the Harlem Village Academies, is frustrated with the nations current education system. Unlike most, though, she decided to do something about it. Part declaration part record, her book Born to Rise writes down her journey toward creating and running her own system of progressive charter schools in Harlem in New York City.
What is your educational philosophy?
B) We want our students to receive the same high-quality education as students who are privileged to attend the best private schools in the country. Personally, I believe a progressive education is superior as long as its delivered by really smart, talented teachers who know how to execute well. Its a sophisticated approach that really only works well in the hands of a really sophisticated educator. Were dealing with a little bit of a challenge because students enter this school from the regular public system. And when they enter in fifth grade, theyre not yet well-trained in the basics reading, writing, and math--which means that we have to catch them up on basic math skills, on the basics of writing. And many of them come in at a kindergarten, first, second-grade level in reading. So we have to accelerate their mastery of the basics, but we reject the idea that if you do that you cant teach that at a high level. We push ourselves constantly to think about how we can make sure that our students will catch up while we teach at the highest possible level. It means asking difficult, delicate questions, not accepting an answer that is not backed up by evidence, the kinds of things that you would expect to see in the best private schools. We aim for a high level in rich discussions where the students are asked to analyze a challenging text and where the teacher does not accept just any answer simply because the student is behaving. What makes the Harlem Village Academies different?
C) First of all, I have to say what we have in common with other charter schools because we have learned so much from them: creating an expectation that all students will attend college, naming classrooms after colleges, the longer school day, the longer school year. I feel its important to give credit where credit is due because I learned from them. In those early years when I opened the school, most of these other schools bad been around for seven years, ten years, some of them even longer.
D ) As far as what makes us different, Ill tell you what the teachers say: teachers tell us that the level of professionalism and passion for teaching at a high level and teaching above the test, not to the test, and working in an environment, where everybody is trusted to do their job and continually learning--theres this incredible culture of learning. Theres this incredible workplace culture where the adults are continually becoming better and learning more about how to become a better lead her. The teachers get to make all of the decisions about their own professional development rather than being enforced to at tend the training. They are treated like professional-grade doctors and lawyers at the. Highest level. They actually make the decisions not only about what books to use and what teaehing methed, but even about what their own professional development Ioukslike.Theres a very clear set of standards far what the students need to know and be "able to do at the end of each year and quarter, and we hold people accountable for that end goal. But we give them complete freedom to decide how theyre going to achieve it, which is how all professionals are treated. Unfortunately, its not how most teachers are treated inthis country. Most teachers are treated like factory workers, where theres a hig set ofrules on how they have to do everything.
What does the curriculum look like at Harlem Village Academy schools?
E) It looks like a classic liberal-arts curriculum, where math, reading, and writing are not the only subjects taught. Even if the state focuses its testing on those things, we do not let the state dictate our curriculum. We are interested in a rich curriculum that includes art and music and seience and social studies and a wide variety of electives, and character education is integrated throughout.
How do you address the criticisms people have regarding charter schools?
F) Id say that the .main criticisms are stemming from the fact that in a charter system the teachers are not unionized, and theyre treated as professionals instead of as manual laborers. The charter movement is challenging the current situation, its eoming along and saying we used to completely change the underlying premiere ( 前提) of how we go about public education. Parents should be able to choose the scherzi. We should give power to all parents, regardless of socioeonomie level, to choose where they send their child, and that creates market competition: if you have an amazing school with caring teachers and great results, parents are going to ~ant to choose that school. The charter movement is putting the needs of children first anti is holding teachers accountable. It ehalleuges the notion of tenure (終身教職), where theres no accountability at all.
Whats next for you and the Harlem Village Academies?
G) We are going to triple (增至三倍) in size in the next twn years. We will have a full K -12 system. Were starting two new elementary schools, we will be serving 2,000 children, but we are not eager to grow super-big. We want to use the platform of what we re learned and the results that weve produced--that ant teachers have produced--to have an ational influence on policy and on teaching methods. The laws that govern how school srun constrain the ability of the printcipal to run the school well. Theyre not allowed to build a team. And building a team where teachers are trusted, happy and cooperative is really the foundation for an excellent school. So we want to find a way to get our message out nationally and continue to be part of the movement.
1. In the Harlem Village Academies. teachers can decide themselves how they are going to achieve the teaching objectives.
2. The charter movement challenges the tenure system in making childrens needs apriority and holding, teachers responsible.
3. The Harlem Village Academies will be able to enroll 2,000 ehildren in the next twoyears
4. Deborah Kenny admits that she learns a lot from other charter schools.
5. The curriculum at Harlem Village Academies not only includes the subjects frequentlytested.
6.The Harlem Village Academies are eager to exert a national influence on policy and teaching methods.
7. Students entering the Harlem Village Academies are from the regular public system.
8. Deborah Kenny decides to create and run the Harlem Village Academies because sheis disappointed about the current education system.
9. Charter schools are mainly criticized for treating the teachers as professionals.
10. One of the challenges facing the Harlern Village Academies is how to accelerate students mastery of the basics.
答案解析
1.D).【題干譯文】在哈勒姆村莊學(xué)校，老師們可以自己決定如何完成教學(xué)目標(biāo)�！径ㄎ弧坑深}千巾的Harlem Village Academics，teachers can decide themselves以及objectives定位到原文D)段倒數(shù)第三、四句：There’s a very clear set of standards for what the students need to know and be able to do at the end of cach year and quarter.and we hold people accountable for that end goal;But We give them I complete freedom to decides how they’re going to achieve it，…
【精解】由定位句可知，哈勒姆村莊學(xué)校對(duì)學(xué)生們到年末和季末需要掌握的知識(shí)有著明確標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，老師們負(fù)責(zé)達(dá)成這些目標(biāo)，但是在達(dá)成目標(biāo)的手段方面，老師們有絕對(duì)的自由。題干中的Call decide themselves和achieve the teaching objectives分別對(duì)應(yīng)定位句中的give them complete freedom to decide和achieve it，故答案為D)。
2.F)。【題干譯文】公辦民營學(xué)校運(yùn)動(dòng)將學(xué)生需求放在首位，讓老師負(fù)起責(zé)任，從而向終身聘任制發(fā)起挑戰(zhàn)。
【定位】由題干中的charter movement和tenure system定位到原文F)段最后兩句：The Charter movement is putting the needs of children first and is holding teacher>accountable.It challenges the notion of tenure(終身教職).where there’s no accountability at all.
【精解】由定位句可知，公辦民營學(xué)校優(yōu)先考慮學(xué)生的需要，讓老師承擔(dān)其責(zé)任.這與老師原來的“終身教職”的概念不同。題干中的making children’s needs a priority和holding teachers responsible分別對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的putting the needs of children first和holding teachers accountable，故答案為F)。
3.G)，【題干譯文】未來兩年內(nèi)，哈勒姆村莊學(xué)校將有能力接收2000名學(xué)生。
【定位】由題干中的2，000 children in the next two years定位到原文G)段第一句，
We are going to triple(增至三倍)in size in the next two years.和第三句：we’re starting two new elementary schools，we will be servin9 2，000 children...
【精解】定位句提到，哈勒姆村莊學(xué)校未來兩年內(nèi)規(guī)模將擴(kuò)大三倍。后面的二、三句均是在補(bǔ)充說明第一句，具體描述規(guī)模擴(kuò)大的程度，其中第三句提到，哈勒姆村莊學(xué)校將新建兩所小學(xué)，屆時(shí)將能接收2000名學(xué)生。題干中的will be able to enroll 2.000 children對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的we will be servin9 2，000 children，題干中的in the next two years對(duì)應(yīng)G)段第一句，故答案為G)。
4.C)�！绢}千譯文】黛博拉肯尼承認(rèn)她從其他公辦民營學(xué)校那學(xué)到了很多。
【定位】由題干中的Deborah Kenny和learns a lot from other charter schools定位到原文c)段第一句：First of all，I have to say what we have in common with other charter schools because we have learned so much from them...
【精解】由定位句可知，黛博拉肯尼認(rèn)為哈勒姆村莊學(xué)校與其他公辦民營學(xué)校有相似之處，因?yàn)檫@些學(xué)校給予黛博拉肯尼許多參考之處。題干中的learns a lot對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的learned SO much，故答案為c)。
5.E)�！绢}干譯文】哈勒姆村莊學(xué)校的課程不是只包含那些經(jīng)常被測試的科目。
【定位】由題干中的curriculum at Harlem Village Academies和tested定位到原文E)段第一句：It looks like a classic liberal—arts curriculum，where math，readin9.and writing are not the only subjects taught.Even if the state focuses its testing on those things，we do not let the state dictate our curriculum.
【精解】由定位句可知，數(shù)學(xué)、閱讀和寫作是經(jīng)常被測試的科目，但哈勒姆村莊學(xué)校不是只包含這些科目，他們不會(huì)讓考試牽著鼻子走。題干中的not only includes the subject frequently tested是對(duì)原文中are not the only subjects taught和do not let the state dictate our curriculum的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故答案為E)。
6.G)�！绢}干譯文】哈勒姆村莊學(xué)校迫切想要影響教育政策和方法。
【定位】由題干中的a national influence on policy and teaching methods定位到原文G)段第四句：We want to use the platform of what we’ve learned and the results that we’re produced--that our teachers have produced--to have a national influence On policy and on teaching methods.
【精解】由定位句可知，哈勒姆村莊學(xué)校并不急于擴(kuò)張，而是要利用已有的平臺(tái)和成果，在政策和教學(xué)方法方面產(chǎn)生全國性的影響。題干中的eager對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的want;exert a national influence對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的have a national influence，故答案為G)。
7.B)。【題干譯文】進(jìn)入哈勒姆村莊學(xué)校的學(xué)生來自普通的公立教育系統(tǒng)。
【定位】由題干中的Harlem Village Academies和regular public system定位到原文B)段第四句：We’re dealing with a little bit of a challenge because students enter this school from the regular public system.
【精解】由定位句可知，進(jìn)入哈勒姆村莊學(xué)校的學(xué)生來自普通的.公立教育系統(tǒng)，這給老師們的教育帶來一些挑戰(zhàn)。題干與定位句一致，故答案為B)。
8.A)。【題干譯文】出于對(duì)現(xiàn)行教育制度的失望，黛博拉肯尼決定創(chuàng)辦哈勒姆村莊學(xué)校。
【定位】由題干中的Deborah Kermy decides to create and ran the Harlem Village Academies和current education system定位到原文A)段前兩句：Deborah Kenny，CEO of the Harlem Village Academies，is frustrated with the nation’s current education system.Unlike most，though，she decided to do something about it.
【精解】由定位句可知，黛博拉肯尼對(duì)現(xiàn)行教育制度感到失望，與多數(shù)人不同的是，她決定有所行動(dòng)。結(jié)合全文可知，她的行動(dòng)就是創(chuàng)辦哈勒姆村莊學(xué)校。題干中的is disappointed about對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的is frustrated with，其他的內(nèi)容與原文一致，故答案為A)。
9.F)�！绢}干譯文】公辦民營學(xué)校遭到批評(píng)的主要原因是他們把老師當(dāng)作職業(yè)人士看待。
【定位】由題干中的Charter schools are nminly criticized和professionals定位到原文F)段第一句：Id say that the main criticisms are stern rning from the fact that in a charter system the teachers able not unionized，and they’re treated as professionals instead of as manual laborers.
【精解】由定位句可知，對(duì)于這一新興的教育體系的大多數(shù)批評(píng)來自于一個(gè)事實(shí)，即這里把老師當(dāng)作職業(yè)人士，而不是體力勞動(dòng)者。題干中的are mainly criticized for對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的main criticisms are stemming from，故答案為F)。
10.B)。【題干譯文】哈勒姆村莊學(xué)校面臨的挑戰(zhàn)之一是如何讓學(xué)生們快速掌握基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)。
【定位】由題干中的challenges，Harlem Village Academies和mastery of the basics定位到原文B)段第七句：So we have to accelerate their mastery of the basics，but we reject the idea that if you do that you Can’t teach that at a high level.
【精解】由定位句可知，哈勒姆學(xué)校必須讓學(xué)生們快速掌握基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)，且該段前幾句提到，哈勒姆學(xué)校的學(xué)生都來自公立教育系統(tǒng)，對(duì)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)的掌握情況不太理想，這是哈勒姆學(xué)校面臨的挑戰(zhàn)。題干是對(duì)定位句和B)段第四、五句的整合.故答案為B)。
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