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2024年6月英語(yǔ)四級(jí)閱讀題及答案解析
在學(xué)習(xí)和工作的日常里，我們最離不開(kāi)的就是試題了，試題可以幫助學(xué)校或各主辦方考察參試者某一方面的知識(shí)才能。大家知道什么樣的試題才是規(guī)范的嗎？以下是小編為大家整理的2024年6月英語(yǔ)四級(jí)閱讀題及答案解析，歡迎閱讀，希望大家能夠喜歡。
英語(yǔ)四級(jí)閱讀題及答案解析 1
It’s never easy to admit you are in the wrong. Being human, we all need to know the art of apologizing. Look back with honesty and think how often you’ve judged roughly, said __1__ things, pushed yourself ahead at the expense of a friend. Then count the occasions when you indicated clearly and __2__ that you were sorry. A bit frightening, isn’t it? Frightening because some deePwisdom in us knows that when even a small wrong has been committed, some mysterious moral feeling is __3__, and it stays out of balance until fault is acknowledged and __4__ is expressed.I remember a doctor friend, telling me about a man who came to him with a variety of signs: headaches, insomnia and stomach trouble. No __5__ cause could be found. Finally my friend said to the man, "Unless you tell me what’s worrying you, I can’t helPyou."After some hesitation, the man __6__ that, as executor of his faher’s will, he had been cheating his brother, who lived abroad, of his __7__. Then and there the wise old doctor made the man write to his brother asking __8__ and enclosing a cheque as the first stePin restoring their good relation. He then went with him to mail box in the corridor. As the letter disappeared, the man burst into tears. "Thank you," He said, "I think I’m __9__." And he was. A heartfelt apology can not only __10__ a damaged relationshiPbut also make it stronger. If you can think of someone who deserves an apology from you, someone you have wronged, or just neglected, do something about it right now.
A)heal
B)mental
C)unkind
D)regret
E)accurately
F)confessed
G)inheritance
H)physical
I)cured
J)treat
K)truly
L)unfaithful
M)forgiveness
N)disturbed
O)excuse
【答案】
1.選C)。此處應(yīng)填形容詞。從后面的pushed yourself ahead at the expense of a friend可知，說(shuō)的是不好的話，可選項(xiàng)有unkind和unfaithful，但由前面的judged roughly“粗魯?shù)脑u(píng)判”可知這里表示說(shuō)話時(shí)不考慮他人的感受，因此unkind“刻薄的”更加符合上下文語(yǔ)氣。
2.選K)。由clearly and一詞可知，此處應(yīng)填副詞，與closely一起修飾道歉時(shí)的情形。選項(xiàng)有accurately和truly,由“回想一下你曾明確地并......地表示自己歉意的場(chǎng)合”，能使句意通順的是truly“真誠(chéng)地”，而accurately一般表示“(數(shù)據(jù)計(jì)算得)精確地”，故排除。
3.選N)。it stays out of balance until...，其中it=some mysterious moral feeling可推出，出于道義上的原因，人會(huì)感到不安，故選disturbed“不安的”。而confessed“公開(kāi)承認(rèn)的”不符合句意。
4.選D)。此處應(yīng)填名詞。從“知道承認(rèn)錯(cuò)誤，表達(dá)......之后，才能覺(jué)得安心，”選項(xiàng)中只有regret“歉意”符合題意。
5.選H)。此處應(yīng)填形容詞。由headaches，insomnia(失眠)and stomach trouble可推出，可選項(xiàng)有mental和physical，由朋友的話“Unless... Worrying you, I can’t helPyou." 可知這個(gè)人是由于心理上的原因，而不是生理上的，故選physical即No physical cause...。
6.選F)。此處應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞。選項(xiàng)中的動(dòng)詞有confessed，cured和disturbed，但由After some hesitation可推出，此人是在向醫(yī)生坦白情況，故選擇confessed“坦白”。
7.選G)。此處應(yīng)填名詞。由as executor of his father’s will可推知，此處說(shuō)明的是，在遺產(chǎn)繼承方面，他一直在欺騙他居住在國(guó)外的兄弟，故只有選項(xiàng)inheritance符合題意。
8.選M)。此處應(yīng)填名詞。由restoring their good relation可推知，他是寫信給他兄弟請(qǐng)求原諒，故選項(xiàng)中只有forgiveness符合題意。選項(xiàng)中excuse用作名詞時(shí)，一般解釋為“理由，借口”而沒(méi)有“原諒”的意思，故排除。
9.選I)。由第二段最后一句waht’s worrying you和這個(gè)人的感情Thank you可推出，此處說(shuō)明的是醫(yī)生治好了他的`心病，選項(xiàng)中只有cured符合題意。
10.選A)。此處應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞的圓形。But also make it stronger“使人際關(guān)系更加穩(wěn)固”，it指代a damaged relationship，由此可知，空格處應(yīng)填表示“修復(fù)”的詞，選項(xiàng)中的heal則有“治愈，修復(fù)”的意思，符合原文意思。treat一般專指醫(yī)學(xué)上的治療，用在此處不合適。
英語(yǔ)四級(jí)閱讀題及答案解析 2
Passage Three
Method of Scientific Inquiry
Why the inductive and mathematical sciences, after their first rapid development at the culmination of Greek civilization, advanced so slowly for two thousand years—and why in the following two hundred years a knowledge of natural and mathematical science has accumulated, which so vastly exceeds all that was previously known that these sciences may be justly regarded as the products of our own times—are questions which have interested the modern philosopher not less than the objects with which these sciences are more immediately conversant. Was it the employment of a new method of research, or in the exercise of greater virtue in the use of the old methods, that this singular modern phenomenon had its origin? Was the long period one of arrested development, and is the modern era one of normal growth? Or should we ascribe the characteristics of both periods to so-called historical accidents—to the influence of conjunctions in circumstances of which no explanation is possible, save in the omnipotence and wisdom of a guiding Providence?
The explanation which has become commonplace, that the ancients employed deduction chiefly in their scientific inquiries, while the moderns employ induction, proves to be too narrow, and fails upon close examination to point with sufficient distinctness the contrast that is evident between ancient and modern scientific doctrines and inquiries. For all knowledge is founded on observation, and proceeds from this by analysis, by synthesis and analysis, by induction and deduction, and if possible by verification, or by new appeals to observation under the guidance of deduction—by steps which are indeed correlative parts of one method; and the ancient sciences afford examples of every one of these methods, or parts of one method, which have been generalized from the examples of science.
A failure to employ or to employ adequately any one of these partial methods, an imperfection in the arts and resources of observation and experiment, carelessness in observation, neglect of relevant facts, by appeal to experiment and observation—these are the faults which cause all failures to ascertain truth, whether among the ancients or the moderns; but this statement does not explain why the modern is possessed of a greater virtue, and by what means he attained his superiority. Much less does it explain the sudden growth of science in recent times.
The attempt to discover the explanation of this phenomenon in the antithesis of “facts” and “theories” or “facts” and “ideas”—in the neglect among the ancients of the former, and their too exclusive attention to the latter—proves also to be too narrow, as well as open to the charge of vagueness. For in the first place, the antithesis is not complete. Facts and theories are not coordinate species. Theories, if true, are facts—a particular class of facts indeed, generally complex, and if a logical connection subsists between their constituents, have all the positive attributes of theories.
Nevertheless, this distinction, however inadequate it may be to explain the source of true method in science, is well founded, and connotes an important character in true method. A fact is a proposition of simple. A theory, on the other hand, if true has all the characteristics of a fact, except that its verification is possible only by indirect, remote, and difficult means. To convert theories into facts is to add simple verification, and the theory thus acquires the full characteristics of a fact.
1. The title that best expresses the ideas of this passage is
[A]. Philosophy of mathematics. [B]. The Recent Growth in Science.
[C]. The Verification of Facts. [C]. Methods of Scientific Inquiry.
2. According to the author, one possible reason for the growth of science during the days of the ancient Greeks and in modern times is
[A]. the similarity between the two periods.
[B]. that it was an act of God.
[C]. that both tried to develop the inductive method.
[D]. due to the decline of the deductive method.
3. The difference between “fact” and “theory”
[A]. is that the latter needs confirmation.
[B]. rests on the simplicity of the former.
[C]. is the difference between the modern scientists and the ancient Greeks.
[D]. helps us to understand the deductive method.
4. According to the author, mathematics is
[A]. an inductive science. [B]. in need of simple verification.
[C]. a deductive science. [D]. based on fact and theory.
5. The statement “Theories are facts” may be called.
[A]. a metaphor. [B]. a paradox.
[C]. an appraisal of the inductive and deductive methods.
[D]. a pun.
答案詳解
1. D. 科學(xué)研究/探索的方法。文章一開(kāi)始就提出問(wèn)題，為什么從希臘文化頂峰時(shí)期后兩千年來(lái)歸納法和數(shù)學(xué)科學(xué)發(fā)展如此緩慢，而后的兩百年又超越了前人，是應(yīng)用新，舊方法關(guān)系還是其它（見(jiàn)難句譯注1，2）。第二段講埃及古代在科學(xué)探索中運(yùn)用了演繹推理法，而現(xiàn)在應(yīng)用了歸納法。這種解釋太狹隘，經(jīng)仔細(xì)審核，難以很清晰地點(diǎn)明古代和現(xiàn)代科學(xué)教義和探究上明顯的差別。因?yàn)橐磺兄R(shí)都基于觀察，通過(guò)分析，綜合，或綜合分析，歸納演繹推理，有可能的話，經(jīng)過(guò)校正或經(jīng)由演繹指導(dǎo)下再觀察而向前推進(jìn)。第三段進(jìn)一步闡明不用這些方法觀察，實(shí)驗(yàn);忽略相關(guān)事實(shí)，推理不慎;不能答出理論的結(jié)論，再用實(shí)驗(yàn)或觀察來(lái)檢驗(yàn)等或用得不全，不論在古代還是現(xiàn)代都會(huì)失敗。但這不能說(shuō)明為什么現(xiàn)代科學(xué)具有較高的功效，通過(guò)什么方式方法，超越了前人，更不用說(shuō)說(shuō)明最近科學(xué)突飛猛進(jìn)的原因。第四，五段涉及事實(shí)和理論的關(guān)系。
A. 數(shù)學(xué)的哲學(xué)，文內(nèi)沒(méi)有提。 B. 近來(lái)科學(xué)的發(fā)展。 C. 事實(shí)的驗(yàn)證，只是最后兩段提及驗(yàn)證方法之作用。
2. B. 是上天的安排，這是作家在用方法論等失敗后得出的結(jié)論。見(jiàn)難句譯注4，第一段最后一句話。
A. 兩個(gè)階段的相似性。 . 兩者都試圖應(yīng)用歸納法。 D. 由于演繹法的衰落。
3. A. 后者需要證實(shí)。答案在第四，五段，死段試圖在事實(shí)的對(duì)立面和理論，或事實(shí)和思想中發(fā)現(xiàn)上述現(xiàn)象的解釋看起來(lái)有餓太狹隘，也會(huì)因模糊不清遭批評(píng)。因?yàn)�，�?duì)立面不全面，事實(shí)和理論不是同類的事物。理論，如果是真正的理論，就是事實(shí)——一種特殊類別的事實(shí)，一般復(fù)雜，但仍是事實(shí)。而事實(shí)，從詞的狹義來(lái)說(shuō)，如果很復(fù)雜，如果各成分中存在著邏輯的聯(lián)系，就具有理論的一切主要特征。第五段第二句，事實(shí)是一個(gè)提議，通過(guò)運(yùn)用知識(shí)的源泉和經(jīng)驗(yàn)而證實(shí)的提議直接而又簡(jiǎn)單。而理論，若是真理論，就有事實(shí)的一切特性（除非其證實(shí)只能通過(guò)非直接的.，遙遠(yuǎn)的和困難的方式方法），把理論轉(zhuǎn)成事實(shí)必須用簡(jiǎn)單的核實(shí)，理論因此具有事實(shí)的一切特性。
B. 前者簡(jiǎn)單。 C. 是現(xiàn)代科學(xué)家和古希臘的差異。 D. 幫助我們了解演繹法，三項(xiàng)都不對(duì)。
4. C. 是推理演繹科學(xué)，這個(gè)問(wèn)題常識(shí)就能回答。
A. 歸納法科學(xué)。 B. 需要簡(jiǎn)單證實(shí)。 D. 基于事實(shí)和理論。
5. B. 是一個(gè)悖論，見(jiàn)第四，五段注釋。
A. 比喻。 C. 對(duì)歸納法和演繹法的贊揚(yáng)。 D. 雙關(guān)語(yǔ)。
英語(yǔ)四級(jí)閱讀題及答案解析 3
Shams and delusions are esteemed for soundest truths, while reality is fabulous. If men wouldsteadily observe realities only, and not allow themselves to be deluded, life, to compare it withsuch things as we know, would be like a fairy tale and the Arabian Nights’ Entertainments. If werespected only what is inevitable and has a right to be , music and poetry would resoundalong the streets. When we are unhurried and wise, we perceive that only great and worthythings have any permanent and absolute existence, --that petty fears and petty pleasure arebut the shadow of reality. This is always exhilarating and sublime. By closing the eyes andslumbering, by consenting to be deceived by shows, men establish and confirm their daily life ofroutine and habit everywhere, which still is built on purely illusory foundation. Children, whoplay life, discern its true law and relations more clearly than men, who fail to live worthily, butwho think that they are wiser by experience, that is, by failure. I have read in a Hindoo book,that “there was a king’s son, who, being expelled in infancy from his native city, was brought upby a forester, and, growing up to maturity in that state, imagined himself to belong to thebarbarous race with which be lived. One of his father’s ministers having discovered him,revealed to him what he was, and the misconception of his character was removed, and heknew himself to be a prince. So soul, from the circumstances in which it is placed, mistakes itsown character, until the truth is revealed to it by some holy teacher, and then it knows itself tobe Brahme.” We think that that is which appears to be. If a man should give us an account ofthe realities he beheld, we should not recognize the place in his description. Look at ameeting-house, or a court-house, or a jail, or a shop. Or a dwelling-house, and say what thatthing really is before a true gaze, and they would all go to pieces in your account of them. Menesteem truth remote, in the outskirts of the system, behind the farthest star, before Adamand after the last man. In eternity there is indeed something true and sublime. But all thesetimes and places and occasions are now and here. God himself culminates in the presentmoment, and will never be more divine in the lapse of all ages. And we are enabled toapprehend at all what is sublime and noble only by the perpetual instilling and drenching ofthe reality that surrounds us. The universe constantly and obediently answers to ourconceptions; whether we travel fast or slow, the track is laid for us. Let us spend our lives inconceiving then. The poet or the artist never yet had as fair and noble a design but some of hisposterity at least could accomplish it.
1. The writer’s attitude toward the arts is one of
[A]. admiration. [B]. indifference. [C]. suspicion. [D]. repulsion
2. The author believes that a child.
[A]. should practice what the Hindoos preach.
[B]. frequently faces vital problems better than grownups do.
[C]. hardly ever knows his true origin.
[D]. is incapable of appreciating the arts.
3. The author is primarily concerned with urging the reader to
[A]. look to the future for enlightenment. [B]. appraise the present for its true value.
[C]. honor the wisdom of the past ages. [D]. spend more time in leisure activities.
4. The passage is primarily concerned with problem of
[A]. history and economics. [B]. society and population.
[C]. biology and physics. [D]. theology and philosophy.
答案詳解
1. A. 欽佩。本文第三句“如果我們只尊重必然的東西，尊重有權(quán)威為必然的東西，那么音樂(lè)和詩(shī)歌會(huì)重新在街上唱誦�！北疚淖詈笠痪洹半m然詩(shī)人或藝術(shù)從來(lái)沒(méi)有如此美好和崇高的設(shè)想，但他們有些后代至少會(huì)達(dá)到這一步的。”還有難句譯注1。這些都說(shuō)明作者對(duì)藝術(shù)視為崇高和美好，不是被蒙蔽的東西。
B. 漠不關(guān)心。 C. 懷疑的。 D. 排斥。多不對(duì)。
2. B. 孩子們常常比成人更好地面對(duì) 各種問(wèn)題。本文第七句“孩子們游戲生活(整天只知道玩兒)，卻比難以很好的生活的成人們更清楚的分辨出顯示生活的'真正規(guī)律和種種關(guān)系�！�
A. 孩子應(yīng)當(dāng)實(shí)踐印度布道宣傳的東西。 C. 幾乎對(duì)其真實(shí)出身一無(wú)所知。這是講王子的事情，不是一般孩子。 D. 難以欣賞藝術(shù)。并未提及。
3. B. 珍視目前的真正價(jià)值。這在文章倒數(shù)第五句“永恒中，確實(shí)有真實(shí)和崇高的東西存在。但是所有這一切時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，機(jī)遇都是在此時(shí)此地。上帝本身在現(xiàn)時(shí)達(dá)到了頂峰。在今后流逝的歲月中，它絕不會(huì)更加神圣崇高。我們只有長(zhǎng)期不斷地灌輸和浸潤(rùn)在周圍現(xiàn)實(shí)之中，才能理解什么是崇高和神圣的東西。不論我們的步伐快還是慢，路線已為我鋪定。那就讓我們的生命在體會(huì)感受中度過(guò)。”作者強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)實(shí)才是人們應(yīng)該抓住的。
A. 指望未來(lái)給予啟迪。 C. 尊重過(guò)去的智慧。 D. 在悠閑的活動(dòng)中花更多的時(shí)間。
4. D. 神學(xué)和哲學(xué)。整篇文章都傳遞了這兩個(gè)內(nèi)容，特別是哲學(xué)推理論說(shuō)。
A. 歷史和經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)。 B. 社會(huì)和人口。 C. 生物和物理。
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