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2016年英語(yǔ)六級(jí)語(yǔ)法講解:動(dòng)詞不定式
動(dòng)詞不定式是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的重要組成部分,在六級(jí)考試中非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞部分是一個(gè)重點(diǎn)。以下重點(diǎn)為大家講解動(dòng)詞不定式,希望對(duì)大家有所幫助!
常跟不定式的動(dòng)詞:agree,fail,promise,afford,ask,happen,resolve,attempt,hesitate,seek,long,threaten,claim,manage,trouble,consent,neglect,try,decide,offer,undertake,demand,plan,volunteer,determine,prepare,want,pretend,wish,endeavor,proceed,struggle 等,在了解了加 to 的單詞之后,我們來(lái)看一看在什么情況下單詞 to 可以被省略。
1、在一般助動(dòng)詞或者情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后 to 可以被省略。
2、在動(dòng)詞 make,let,watch,see……之后作賓語(yǔ)的時(shí)候,to 可以被省略。
3、在 why 和 why not 之后 to 可以被省略,如:Why spend such a lot of time?(為什么花這么多時(shí)問(wèn)?)和 Why not go right now?(為什么不現(xiàn)在去呢?)
4、在 had better,had best,would rather,had sooner,cannot but,do nothing but 等結(jié)構(gòu)后面 to 可以被省略。
下面看一道有關(guān)不定式的例題:
We sometimes imagine desert island_______a sort of paradise,where the sun always shines。
A.to have B.to be C.having D.being
整個(gè)句子的意思是,我們有時(shí)候把荒島想象成天堂,那里終日陽(yáng)光普照。imagine 后面常跟 to be +形容詞(或者名詞或反身代詞)結(jié)構(gòu),根據(jù)這個(gè)知識(shí)點(diǎn),正確答案為 B。
可以跟這種結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞還有think,consider,believe,find,feel,know,declare,guess,prove,suppose 等。這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)中的 to be ?梢允÷,如:They found him guilty.(他們發(fā)現(xiàn)他有罪。)
【定義】
(語(yǔ)態(tài))動(dòng)詞和參與此動(dòng)作的主語(yǔ)之間關(guān)系的一個(gè)術(shù)語(yǔ)。當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的發(fā)起者(或之一)時(shí),稱為主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài);
如果動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)是這個(gè)不定式所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者,不定式一般要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式。如:
It's a great honour to be invited to Mary's birthday party.(不定式作主語(yǔ)是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)to be invited是被邀請(qǐng))
It was impossible for lost time to be made up.(不定式作主語(yǔ))
I wish to be sent to work in the country.(不定式作賓語(yǔ))
Can you tell me which is the car to be repaired?(不定式作定語(yǔ))
He went to the hospital to be examined.(不定式作狀語(yǔ))
在There be結(jié)構(gòu)中,修飾主語(yǔ)的不定式可用被動(dòng),也可用主動(dòng)。如:There are still many things to take care of (to be taken care of).但有時(shí)兩種形式表達(dá)的意思不同,如:There is nothing to do now.( We have nothing to do now.) There is nothing to be done now.(We can do nothing now.)
【語(yǔ)法形式】
1) 現(xiàn)在式:一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示的動(dòng)詞,有時(shí)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生,有時(shí)發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作之后。一般為:動(dòng)詞+ to do sth
He seems to know this.
I hope to see you again. = I hope that I'll see you again. 我希望再見(jiàn)到你。
2) 完成式:表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作之前。
I'm sorry to have given you so much trouble.
He seems to have caught a cold.
3)進(jìn)行式:表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行,與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。
He seems to be eating something.
4)完成進(jìn)行式:
She is known to have been wreaking on the problem for many years.
一般在表示情緒的動(dòng)詞后加to do也表將來(lái)
【疑問(wèn)詞】
疑問(wèn)詞who,what,which,when,where,whether,how后可接不定式構(gòu)成不定式短語(yǔ),在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表 語(yǔ)等。如:
①When to leave for London has not been decided yet. (不定式在句子中做主語(yǔ))
、贛r. Smith didn't know whether to leave or stay there. (不定式在句子中做賓語(yǔ))
③I asked Professor Xu how to learn English well. (不定式在句子中做直接賓語(yǔ))
、躎he question was where to get the medicine needed. (不定式在句子中表語(yǔ))
以上例句中疑問(wèn)詞+不定式部分,均可轉(zhuǎn)換為相應(yīng)的從句形式。如:①When we shall leave…③…how I
could learn……
經(jīng)常在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中使用的動(dòng)詞有:consider,decide,discover,explain,find out,forget,hear,know,lea rn,observe,understand,wonder等。
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