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2015年6月大學(xué)生英語六級考試閱讀題預(yù)測（一）
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A. , B. , C. and D.. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.
Opinion polls are now beginning to show a reluctant consensus that, whoever is to blame and whatever happens from now on, high unemployment is probably here to stay. This means we shall have to find ways of sharing the available employment more widely. But we need to go further. We must ask some fundamental questions about the future of work. Should we continue to treat employment as the norm? Should we not rather encourage many other ways for self-respecting people to work? Should we not create conditions in which many of us can work for ourselves, rather than for an employer? Should we not aim to revive the household and the neighborhood, as well as the factory and the office, as centers of production and work?
The industrial age has been the only period of human history in which most people's work has taken the form of jobs. The industrial age may now be coming to an end, and some of the changes in work patterns which it brought may have to be reversed. This seems a daunting thought. But, in fact, it could offer the prospect of a better future for work. Universal employment, as its history shows, has not meant economic freedom.
Employment became widespread when the enclosures of the 17th and 18th centuries made many people dependent on paid work by depriving them of the use of the land, and thus of the means to provide a living for themselves. Then the factory system destroyed the cottage industries and removed work from people's homes.
Later, as transport improved, first by rail and then by road, people commuted longer distances to their places of employment until, eventually, many people's work lost all connection with their home lives and the places in which they lived.
Meanwhile, employment put women at a disadvantage. In pre-industrial times, men and women had shared the productive work of the household and village community. Now it became customary for the husband to go out
to paid employment, leaving the unpaid work of the home and the family to his wife. Tax and benefit regulations still assume this norm today, and restrict more flexible sharing of work roles between the sexes.
It was not only women whose work status suffered. As employment became the dominant form of work,young people and old eople were excluded--a problem now, as more teenagers become frustrated at school and more retired people want to live active lives.
All this may now have to change. The time has certainly come to switch some effort and resources away from the utopian goal of creating jobs for all, to the urgent practical task of helping many people to manage without full-time jobs.
56. According to the author, the universal employment has__________.
A. turned out not to be the best form of jobs
B. created an alternative form of jobs
C. built tbe foundation of an economic leap
D. failed to produce job opportunities for most people
57. Modern forms of transportation have greatly encouraged__________.
A. the phenomenon of deprivation of employees' leisure time
B. the disconnection between people's work and their family life
C. the commutation between the working places and employees' homes
D. people's desire to work far away from where they were born
58. It can be inferred from the passage that __________ .
A. women could have been more productive than men in a proper job system
B. work in pre-industrial times has been distributed evenly between men and women
C. paid employment has aroused serious social problems in current society
D. women have been treated unfairly under the employment system of industrial age
59. What is the problem for the young under the employment system?
A. They are less likely to compete with the aged.
B. They are much worried about the generation gap.
C. They axe more likely to suffer from unemployment.
D. Their academic performances seem useless for job hunting.
60. What is the possible change of job forms?
A. Full-time employment will not be the dominant form of work.
B. Most people can work at home and for themselves.
C. The differences between men and women will disappear.
D. All people get equal job opportunities and equal pay
參考答案：
Passage One
【參考譯文】
民意測驗現(xiàn)已表明：雖然人們并不情愿卻一致認(rèn)為，無論應(yīng)譴責(zé)誰，也無論從今以后會發(fā)生什么事情，失業(yè)率居高不下的形勢很可能不會改變。這意味著我們應(yīng)去尋找辦法來更廣泛地分享可利用的就業(yè)資源。
但是我們需要進行更深入的探究。我們必須就工作的未來問一些基本問題。我們是否應(yīng)該繼續(xù)把雇傭關(guān)系當(dāng)做準(zhǔn)則?我們難道就不應(yīng)該鼓勵有自尊心的人通過許多其他方式就業(yè)嗎?難道我們就不應(yīng)該創(chuàng)造條件使我們當(dāng)中的許多人能夠為自己工作，而不是為老板 打工嗎?難道除了工廠和辦公室之外，我們就不應(yīng)該使自家和街坊鄰里重新成為生產(chǎn)和工作的中心嗎?
工業(yè)時代是人類歷史上唯一一個把大部分人的工作以就業(yè)的形式固定下來的時期。現(xiàn)在，工業(yè)時代或許即將結(jié)束，它給我們的工作模式帶來的一些改變可能需要被推翻。這個想法似乎令人望而卻步。[56]但事實上。它可以提供更好的就業(yè)前景。從歷史來看，全民就業(yè)并不意味著經(jīng)濟上的自由。
在17、18世紀(jì)，圈地運動剝奪了人們的土地使用權(quán)，也因此剝奪了他們謀生的手段，使得很多人依靠帶薪工作，雇傭關(guān)系變得廣為盛行。接著，工廠系統(tǒng)摧毀了作坊手工業(yè)，并使人們的工作脫離了家庭。[57]后來隨著交通的發(fā)展，人們先是通過鐵路，而后公路，在住所和工笠地之間進行更長距離的往返，直到最終，很多人的工作與他們的家庭生活以及居住地之間失去了聯(lián)系。
[58]同時，雇傭關(guān)系也使女性處于不利的地位。在工業(yè)化以前的時代，男人和女人一起分擔(dān)家庭和村莊社區(qū)的生產(chǎn)工作。現(xiàn)在，譜遍的情況變成了丈夫出去工作賺錢：然后把沒有報酬的家務(wù)活和照顧家庭的任務(wù)留給妻子。今天，在稅收和福利管理方面仍是如此，限制男女之間更自由地分擔(dān)工作角色。
不僅僅是女性的工作地位深受其害。[59]隨著雇傭關(guān)系成為主導(dǎo)的工作形式，年輕人和老年人也受到了排鹽——現(xiàn)在，隨著越來越多的年輕人對學(xué)校感到失望，越來越多的退休人員想過更積極活躍的生活，這就成了一個問題。
所有這一切或許現(xiàn)在都需要改變。[60]現(xiàn)在我們的確要轉(zhuǎn)變某些努力和資源，放棄為所有人創(chuàng)造工作的空想目標(biāo)，將精力投入到這個緊迫而又實際的任務(wù)主——疊助大多數(shù)人能夠不靠全職工作而生活下去。
【答案解析】
56.A
定位：根據(jù)題干中的信息詞the universal employment定位到文章第二段最后兩句。
解析：本段最后兩句在評述工業(yè)時代和全民就業(yè)的關(guān)系時提到“但事實上，它可以提供更好的就業(yè)前景。從歷史來看，全民就業(yè)并不意味著經(jīng)濟上的自由。”由此可推斷，全民就業(yè)并非工業(yè)時代的最佳就業(yè)模式，因為該就業(yè)模式并未帶來經(jīng)濟上的自由。因此正確答案為A。
57.B
定位：根據(jù)題干中的信息詞transportation定位到第三段最后一句。
解析：題干問現(xiàn)代交通方式極大地鼓勵了什么。第三段最后一句指出，后來隨著交通的發(fā)展，人們先是通過鐵路，而后公路，在住所和工作地之間進行更長距離的往返，直到最終，很多人的工作與他們的家庭生活以及居住地之間失去了聯(lián)系。由此可見，交通的發(fā)展最終使得人們的工作與他們的生活和居住地不再有關(guān)系，故B項是正確答案，其中disconnection是原文lost all connection的同義轉(zhuǎn)述。文中雖提到commute，即通勤的問題，但只是說交通的發(fā)展使得人們在住所和工作地之間進行更長距離的往返，并沒有絲毫鼓勵這種通勤方式的意思，故C項排除。文中說人們由于工作而遠(yuǎn)離了他們生活的地方.這是客觀的情況，并不是人們的主觀渴望，D項錯誤。A項文中未提及。
58.D
定位：三個選項都含有信息詞men或women，據(jù)此定位到第四段。
解析：該段首句指出，工業(yè)時代的就業(yè)模式使女性處于不利地位，接著就這一主題進行論述，在第三句指出，現(xiàn)在，普遍的情況變成了丈夫出去工作賺錢，然后把沒有報酬的家務(wù)活和照顧家庭的任務(wù)留給妻子。由此可見，工業(yè)時代的就業(yè)模式未能公平地對待婦女。故D項為正確答案。雖然工業(yè)時代就業(yè)模式對待婦女不公平，但并不能因此推斷出在工業(yè)化以前的時代工作是男女平均分配的.原文只是說那時男人和女人一起分擔(dān)家庭和村莊社區(qū)的生產(chǎn)工作，該表述過于絕對，故B項被排除。其他兩項文中未提及。
59.C
定位：根據(jù)題干中的信息詞meyoun9定位到第五段第二句。
解析：第五段第二句指出，隨著雇傭關(guān)系成為主導(dǎo)的工作形式，年輕人和老年人也受到了排擠一現(xiàn)在，隨著越來越多的年輕人對學(xué)校感到失望……由此可見在雇傭體制下，年輕人不容易找到工作，故C項為正確答案。本句雖提到年輕人對學(xué)校失望，但并沒有說他們的學(xué)業(yè)成績對找工作沒有用處，因此D項可排除。選項A和B文中并未提及。
60.A
定位：根據(jù)題干中的信息詞change和job forms定位到最后一段最后一句。
解析：該句指出，現(xiàn)在我們的確要轉(zhuǎn)變某些努力和資源，放棄為所有人創(chuàng)造工作的空想目標(biāo)，將精力投入到這個緊迫而又實際的任務(wù)中——幫助大多數(shù)人能夠不靠全職工作而生活下去。由此可見，為所有人創(chuàng)造全職工作的做法將會被改變，故正確答案為A項。題干中的change與原文switch…to…對應(yīng)。
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