英語六級考試閱讀真題訓(xùn)練
無論是身處學(xué)校還是步入社會，我們總免不了要接觸或使用考試真題，考試真題可以幫助主辦方了解考生某方面的知識或技能狀況。你知道什么樣的考試真題才是規(guī)范的嗎？下面是小編為大家整理的英語六級考試閱讀真題訓(xùn)練，僅供參考，歡迎大家閱讀。
英語六級考試閱讀真題訓(xùn)練 1
Part Ⅰ Writing
Directions:
1.【題干】For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the use of robots. Try to imagine what will happen when more and more robots take the place of human beings in industry as well as peoples daily lives. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.
【答案】
It is held by some people that knowledge is power, especially scientific and technological knowledge. Science and technology are the motive power of the social development, which constitute a primary productive force. The use of robots is the produce of development of science and technology.
People’s views on the use of robots vary from person to person. Some hold that human life cannot continue without the use of robots. For many years, human society has developed with the use of science and technology. So the life with the use of robots we are living now is more efficient than that of our fore fathers. They go on to point out that the use of robots has brought about many changes in people‘s life. For example, through the use of robots can improve the work efficiency and avoid dangerous events happening in our life in that we can require robots to do some works with danger instead of human beings.
Science and technology of robots are the crystallization of human wisdom. It brought a glorious past to humanity, also will bring bright future to mankind.
Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Pursuing a career is an essential part of adolescent development. "The adolescent becomes an adult when he_____(27)a real job." To cognitive researchers like Piaget, adulthood meant the beginning of an_____(28).
Piaget argued that once adolescents enter the world of work, their newly acquired ability to from hypotheses allows them to create representations that are too ideal. The_____(29)of such ideals, without the tempering of the reality of a job or profession, rapidly leads adolescents to become_____(30)of the non-idealistic world and to press for reform in a characteristically adolescent way. Piaget said: "True adaptation to society comes_____(31)when the adolescent reformer attempts to put his ideas to work."
Of course, youthful idealism is often courageous, and no one likes to give up dreams. Perhaps, taken_____(32)out of context, Piagets statement seems harsh. What he was_____(33), however, is the way reality can modify idealistic views. Some people refer to such modification as maturity. Piaget argued that attaining and accepting a vocation is one of the best ways modify idealized views and to mature.
As careers and vocations become less available during times of_____(34)， adolescents may be especially hard hit. Such difficult economic times may leave many adolescents _____(35)about their roles in society. For this reason, community interventions and government job programs that offer summer and vacation work are not only economically____(36)but also help to stimulate the adolescents sense of worth.
【選項】
A.automatically 自動地;機械地;無意識地
B.beneficial 有益的
C.capturing 捕捉
D.confused 困惑的
E.emphasizing 強調(diào)
F.entrance 入口
G.excited 激動的
H.existence 存在
I.incidentally 順便;偶然地
J.intolerant 無法忍受的
K.occupation 職業(yè);占有
L.promises 承諾
M.recession 衰退;不景氣
N.slightly 輕微的
O.undertakes 承擔;從事
27.【題干】_____
【答案】O
【解析】
28.【題干】_____
【答案】K
【解析】
29.【題干】_____
【答案】H
【解析】
30.【題干】_____
【答案】J
【解析】
31.【題干】_____
【答案】A
【解析】
32.【題干】_____
【答案】N
【解析】
33.【題干】_____
【答案】E
【解析】
34.【題干】_____
【答案】M
【解析】
35.【題干】_____
【答案】D
【解析】
36.【題干】_____
【答案】B
【解析】
Section B
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
Can societies be rich and green?
[A]"If our economies are to flourish, if global poverty is to be eliminated and if well-being of the worlds people enhanced-not just in this generation but in succeeding generations-we must make sure we take care of the natural environment and resources on which our economic activity depends." That statement comes not, as you might imagine, from a stereotypical tree-hugging, save-the-world greenie(環(huán)保主義者), but from Gordon Brown, a politician with a reputation for rigour, thoroughness and above all, caution.
[B]A surprising thing for the man who runs one of the worlds most powerful economies to say? Perhaps; though in the run-up to the five-year review of the Millennium(千年的)Goals, he is far from alone. The roots of his speech, given in March at the roundtable meeting of environment and energy ministers from the G20 group of nations, stretch back to 1972, and the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment in Stockholm.
[C]"The protection and improvement of the human environment is a major issue which affects the well-being of peoples and economic development throughtout the world," read the final declaration from this gathering, the first of a sequence which would lead to the Rio de Janerio Earth Summit in 1992 and the World Development Summit in Johannesburg three years ago.
[D]Hunt through the reports prepared by UN agencies and development groups-many for conferences such as this years Millennium Goals review-and you will find that the linkage between environmental protection and economic progress is a common thread.
[E]Managing ecosystems sustainably is more profitable than exploiting them, according to the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. But finding hard evidence to support the thesis is not so easy. Thoughts turn first to some sort of global statistic, some indicator which would rate the wealth of nations in both economic and environmental terms and show a relationship between the two.
[F]If such an indicator exists, it is well hidden. And on reflection, this is not surprising; the single word "environment" has so many dimensions, and there are so many other factors affecting wealth-such as the oil deposits-that teasing out a simple economy-environment relationship would be almost impossible.
[G]The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, a vast four-year global study which reported its initial conclusions earlier this year, found reasons to believe that managing ecosystem sustainably-working with nature rather than against it-might be less profitable in the short term, but certainly brings long-term rewards.
[H]And the World Resources Institute (WRI) in its World Resources 2005 report, issued at the end of August, produced several such examples from Africa and Asia; it also demonstrated that environmental degradation affects the poor more than the rich, as poorer people derive a much higher proportion of their income directly from the natural resources around them.
[I]But there are also many examples of growing wealth by trashing the environment, in rich and poor parts of the world alike, whether through unregulated mineral extraction, drastic water use for agriculture, slash-and-burn farming, or fossil-fuel-guzzling(大量消耗)transport. Of course, such growth may not persist in the long term-which is what Mr. Brown and the Stockholm declaration were both attempting to point out. Perhaps the best example of boom growth and bust decline is the Grand Bank fishery. For almost five centuries a very large supply of cod(鱈魚)provided abundant raw material for an industry which at its peak employed about 40000 people, sustaining entire communities in Newfoundland. Then, abruptly, the cod population collapsed. There were no longer enough fish in the sea for the stock to maintain itself, let alone an industry. More than a decade later, there was no sign of the ecosystem rebuilding itself. It had, apparently, been fished out of existence; and the once mighty Newfoundland fleet now gropes about frantically for crab on the sea floor.
[J]There is a view that modern humans are inevitably sowing the seeds of a global Grand Banks-style disaster. The idea is that we are taking more out of what you might call the planets environmental bank balance than it can sustain; we are living beyond our ecological means. One recent study attempted to calculate the extent of this "ecological goods and services-the implication being that at some point the debt will be called in, and all those services-the things which the planet does for us for free-will grind to a halt.
[K]Whether this is right, and if so where and when the ecological axe will fell, is hard to determine with any precision-which is why governments and financial institutions are only beginning to bring such risks into their economic calculations. It is also the reason why development agencies are not united in their view of environmental issues; while some, like the WRI, maintain the environmental progress needs to go hand-in-hand with economic development, others argue that the priorty is to build a thriving economy, and then use the wealth created to tackle environmental degradation.
[L]This view assumes that rich societies will invest in environmental care. But is this right? Do things get better or worse as we get richer? Here the Stockholm declaration is ambiguous. "In the developing countries," it says, "most of the environmental problems are caused by underdevelopment." So it is saying that economic development should make for a cleaner world? Not necessary; "In the industrialised countries, environmental problems are generally related to industrialisation and technological development," it continues. In other words, poor and rich both over-exploit the natural world, but for different reasons. Its simply not true that economic growth will surely make our world cleaner.
[M]Clearly, richer societies are able to provide environmental improvements which lie well beyond the reach of poorer communities. Citizens of wealthy nations demand national parks, clean rivers, clean air and poison-free food. They also, however, use for more natural resources-fuel, water (all those baths and golf courses) and building materials.
[N]A case can be made that rich nations export environmental problems, the most graphic example being climate change. As a countrys wealth grows, so do its greenhouse gas emissions. The figures available will not be completely accurate. Measuring emissions is not a precise science, particularly when it comes to issues surrounding land use; not all nations have released up-to-date data, and in any case, emissions from some sectors such as aviation are not included in national statistics. But the data is exact enough for a clear trend to be easily discernible. As countries become richer, they produce more greenhouse gases; and the impact of those gases will fall primary in poor parts of the world.
[O]Wealth is not, of course, the only factor involved. The average Norwegian is better off than the average US citizen, but contributes about half as much to climate change. But could Norway keep its standard of living and yet cut its emissions to Moroccan or even Ethiopian levels? That question, repeated across a dozen environmental issues and across our diverse planet, is what will ultimately determine whether the human race is living beyond its ecological means as it pursues economic revival.
【選項】
A.A
B.B
C.C
D.D
E.E
F.F
G.G
H.H
I.I
J.J
K.K
L.L
M.M
N.N
O.OL
37.【題干】Examples show that both rich and poor countries exploited the environment for economic progress.
【答案】I
【解析】
38.【題干】Environmental protection and improvement benefit people all over the world.
【答案】C
【解析】
39.【題干】It is not necessarily true that economic growth will make our world cleaner.
【答案】L
【解析】
40.【題干】The common theme of the UN reports is the relation between environmental protection and economic growth.
【答案】D
【解析】
41.【題干】Development agencies disagree regarding how to tackle environment issues while ensuring economic progress.
【答案】K
【解析】
42.【題干】It is difficult to find solid evidence to prove environmental friendliness generations more profits than exploiting the natural environment.
【答案】E
【解析】
43.【題干】Sustainable management of ecosystems will prove rewarding in the long run.
【答案】G
【解析】
44.【題干】A politician noted for being cautious asserts that sustainable human development depends on the natural environment.
【答案】A
【解析】
45.【題干】Poor countries will have to bear the cost for rich nations economic development.
【答案】N
【解析】
46.【題干】One recent study warns us of the danger of the exhaustion of natural resources on Earth.
【答案】J
【解析】
Section C
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Interactive television advertising, which allows viewers to use their remote controls to click on advertisements, has been pushed for years. Nearly a decade ago it was predicted that viewers of "Friends", a popular situation comedy, would soon be able to purchase a sweater like Jennifer Anistons with a few taps on their remote control. "its been the year of interactive television advertising for the last ten or twelve years," says Collin Dixon of a digital-media consultancy.
So the news that Cablevision, an American cable company, was rolling out interactive advertisements to all its customers on October 6th was greeted with some skepticism. During commercials, an overlay will appear at the bottom of the screen, prompting viewers to press a button to request a free sample or order a catalogue. Cablevision hopes to allow customers to buy things with their remote controls early next year.
Television advertising could do with a boost. Spending fell by 10% in the first half of the year. The popularization of digital video recorders has caused advertisers to worry that their commercials will be skipped. Some are turning to the Internet, which is cheaper and offers concrete measurements like click-through rates-especially important at a time when marketing budgets are tight. With the launch of interactive advertising, "many of the dollars that went to the Internet will come back to the TV," says David Kline of Cablevision. Or so the industry hopes.
In theory, interactive advertising can engage viewers in a way that 30-second spot or not. Unilever recently ran an interactive campaign for its Axe deodorant(除臭劑), which kept viewers engaged for more than three minutes on average.
The amount spent on interactive advertising on television is still small. Magna, an advertising agency, reckons it will be worth about $138 million this year. That falls far short of the billions of dollars people once expected it to generate. But DirecTV, Comcast and Time Warner Cable have all invested in it. A new effort led by Canoe Ventures, a coalition of leading cable providers, aims to make interactive advertising available across America later this year. BrightLine iTV, which designs and sells interactive ads, says interest has argued: it expects its revenues almost to triple this year. BSkyB, Britains biggest satellite-television service, already provides 9 million customers with interactive ads.
Yet there are doubts whether people watching television, a "lean back" medium, crave interaction. Click-through rates have been high so far (around3-4%, compared with less than 0.3% online), but that may be a result of the novelty. Interactive ads and viewers might not go well together.
47.【題干】What does Colin Dixon mean by saying "Its been the year of interactive television advertising for the last ten or twelve years" (Line 4-5, Para.1)?
【選項】
A.Interactive television advertising will become popular in 10-12 years.
B.Interactive television advertising has been under debate for the last decade or so.
C.Interactive television advertising is successful when incorporated into situation comedies.
D.Interactive television advertising has not achieved the anticipated results.
【答案】C
【解析】第一段Nearly a decade ago it was predicted that viewers of "Friends", a popular situation comedy, would soon be able to purchase a sweater like Jennifer Anistons with a few taps on their remote control. "its been the year of interactive television advertising for the last ten or twelve years," says Collin Dixon of a digital-media consultancy.
48.【題干】What is the publics response to Cablevisions planned interactive TV advertising program?
【選項】
A.Pretty positive.
B.Totally indifferent.
C.Somewhat doubtful.
D.Rather critical.
【答案】C
【解析】第二段第一句So the news that Cablevision, an American cable company, was rolling out interactive advertisements to all its customers on October 6th was greeted with some skepticism.
49.【題干】What is the impact of the wide use of digital video recorders on TV advertising?
【選項】
A.It has made TV advertising easily accessible to viewers.
B.It helps advertisers to measure the click-through rates.
C.It has placed TV advertising at a great disadvantage.
D.It enables viewers to check the sales items with ease.
【答案】C
【解析】四五兩段
50.【題干】What do we learn about Unilevers interactive campaign?
【選項】
A.It proves the advantage of TV advertising.
B.It has done well in engaging the viewers.
C.It helps attract investments in the company.
D.It has boosted the TV advertising industry.
【答案】B
【解析】第四段，觀看廣告的觀眾更多且增加了時長。
51.【題干】How does the author view the hitherto high click-through rates?
【選項】
A.They may be due to the novel way of advertising.
B.They signify the popularity of interactive advertising.
C.They point to the growing curiosity of TV viewers.
D.They indicate the future direction of media reform.
【答案】A
【解析】最后一段Click-through rates have been high so far (around3-4%, compared with less than 0.3% online), but that may be a result of the novelty.
Passage Two
What can be done about mass unemployment? All the wise heads agree: therere no quick or any answers. Theres work to be done, but workers arent ready to do it-theyre in the wrong places, or they have the wrong skills. Our problem are "structural," and will take many years to solve.
But dont bother asking for evidence that justifies this bleak view. There isnt any. On the contrary, all the facts suggest that high unemployment in America is the result of inadequate demand. Saying that therere no easy answers sounds wise, but its actually foolish: our unemployment crisis could be cured very quickly if we had the intellectual clarity and political will to act. In other words, structural unemployment is a fake problem, which mainly serves as an excuse for not pursuing real solutions.
The fact is job openings have plunged in every major sector, while the number of workers forced into part-time employment in almost all industries has soared. Unemployment has surged in every major occupational category. Only three states, with a combined population not much larger than that of Brooklyn, have unemployment rates below 5%. So the evidence contradicts the claim that were mainly suffering from structural unemployment. Why, then, has this claim become so popular?
Part of the answer is that this is what always happens during periods of high unemployment——in part because experts and analysts believe that declaring the problem the problem deeply rooted, with no easy answers, makes them sound serious.
Ive been looking at what self-proclaimed experts were saying about unemployment during the Great Depression; it was almost identical to what Very Serious People are saying now. Unemployment cannot be brought down rapidly, declared one 1935 analysis, because the workforce is "unadaptable and untrained. It cannot respond to the opportunities which industry may offer." A few years later, a large defense buildup finally provided a fiscal stimulus adequate to the economys needs-and suddenly industry was eager to employ those "unadaptable and untrained" workers.
But now, as then, powerful forces are ideologically opposed to the whole idea of government action on a sufficient scale to jump-start the economy. And that, fundamentally, is why claims that we face huge structural problems have been multiplying: they offer a reason to do nothing about the mass unemployment that is crippling our economy and our society.
So what you need to know is that theres no evidence whatsoever to back these claims. We arent suffering from a shortage of needed skills; were suffering from a lack of policy resolve. As I said, structural unemployment isn’t real problem, its an excuse——a reason not to act on Americas problems at a time when action is desperately needed.
52.【題干】What does the author think is the root cause of mass unemployment in America?
【選項】
A.Corporate mismanagement.
B.Insufficient demand.
C.Technological advances.
D.Workers slow adaptation.
【答案】B
【解析】第二段all the facts suggest that high unemployment in America is the result of inadequate demand.
53.【題干】What does the author think of the experts claim concerning unemployment?
【選項】
A.Self-evident.不言而喻的
B.Thought-provoking.發(fā)人深省的
C.Irrational 不合理的.
D.Groundless.無理由的
【答案】D
【解析】in part because experts and analysts believe that declaring the problem the problem deeply rooted, with no easy answers, makes them sound serious.
54.【題干】What does the author say helped bring unemployment during the Great Depression?
【選項】
A.The booming defense industry.
B.The wise heads benefit package.
C.Nationwide training of workers.
D.Thorough restructuring of industries.
【答案】A
【解析】倒數(shù)第三段A few years later, a large defense buildup finally provided a fiscal stimulus adequate to the economys needs-and suddenly industry was eager to employ those "unadaptable and untrained" workers.
55.【題干】What has caused claims of huge structural problems to multiply?
【選項】
A.Powerful opposition to governments stimulus efforts.
B.Very Serious Peoples attempt to cripple the economy.
C.Evidence gathered from many sectors of the industries.
D.Economists failure to detect the problem in time.
【答案】A
【解析】倒數(shù)第二段，但現(xiàn)在，和當時一樣，強大的力量在意識形態(tài)上反對通過足夠的政府行動的整體思路來啟動經(jīng)濟。
56.【題干】What is the authors purpose in writing the passage?
【選項】
A.To testify to the experts analysis of Americas problems.
B.To offer a feasible solution to the structural unemployment.
C.To show the urgent need for the government to take action.
D.To alert American workers to the urgency for adaptation.
【答案】C
【解析】最后一段As I said, structural unemployment isn’t real problem, its an excuse——a reason not to act on Americas problems at a time when action is desperately needed.
Part Ⅳ
Translation
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
【題干】中國的創(chuàng)新正以前所未有的速度蓬勃發(fā)展，為了在科學(xué)技術(shù)上盡快趕超世界發(fā)達國家，中國近年來大幅度增加了研究開發(fā)資金。中國的大學(xué)和研究所正在積極開展創(chuàng)新研究，這些研究覆蓋了從大數(shù)據(jù)到生物化學(xué)、從新能源到機器人等各類高科技領(lǐng)域。它們還與各地的科技園合作，使創(chuàng)新成果商業(yè)化。與此同時，無論在產(chǎn)品還是商業(yè)模式上，中國企業(yè)家也在努力爭做創(chuàng)新的先鋒，以適應(yīng)國內(nèi)外消費市場不斷變化和增長的需求。
【答案】Chinas innovation is flourishing faster than ever before. In order to surpass developed countries on science and technology as soon as possible, China has sharply increased research and development fund. Chinese universities and institutes are actively doing innovative researches, covering various fields of high technology, from big data to biochemistry, and from new energy to robots. They are also cooperating with science and technology parks in different places, so as to commercialize their fruits of innovation. In the meantime, to adapt to the changing foreign and domestic market, and to satisfy the growing demand, Chinese entrepreneurs are also making pioneering efforts to innovate their products and business models.
英語六級考試閱讀真題訓(xùn)練 2
Australia
An island country, a whole continent, Australia has aremarkably cohesive personality and one which,much to our surprise, is markedly foreign. It is nolonger the infant colony, peopled by Britishconvicts2 and pioneers, but a maturing, perhaps stillsomewhat adolescent individual, ruggedly steering avital new course in life.
Australia is a sprawl of rock and desert, fringed with lush valleys, snow fields, coralspectaculars, storm-stabbed cliffs and rolling beaches, a land rich in minerals, colors, curiousflora 3, 230 species of mammals4 , 700 of birds, 400 of reptiles, 70 of amphibia, 2, 200 of fishand 50 , 000 species of insects — and seemingly infinite space . Australia is becoming therichest country in the world, materially.
Total area of the continent is about half as big as Europe, or 25 times the size of Britain andIreland. Population is bunched mainly in coastal cities, the biggest of which are capitals of thecountry’s states and the federal capital Canberra5 . Canberra is a model of a planned gardencity and is the seat of a major university. It is smallish in size , but big in importance. Sydney isthe largest city, and commercial capital of the country.
Throughout the country, the basic accommodation unit is the motel, a flat prefabricated6sprawl of bedrooms. But prices are reasonable and, most important, the rooms are excellentand equipped usually with air-conditioning, a refrigerator and tea and coffee making facilities.Bath tubs are rare, as Australians prefer the convenience and hygiene of a shower. Porterageand other services are rare , as Australians don’t like doing a job which smacks of7 servility.After all, this is the land of equality and opportunity.
閱讀自測
�、�. Are the sesta tements True or False according to the article?
1. Australia is as big as Europe , or 25 times the size of Britain and Ireland. 2. Canberra is notonly the capital but also the biggest city of Australia . 3. Motel is very popular foraccommodation in Australia.
�、�. Match the following countries with their corresponding capitals :
1. Egypt Wellington 2. Australia Athens 3. New Zealand Seoul 4. Canada Cairo 5. Greece Ottawa6. South Korea Canberra
參考翻譯
澳大利亞是一個島國, 但同時也是一個完整的大陸, 它具有突出一貫的個性。令人奇 怪的是, 這種性格同我們顯然不同。澳大利亞已不再是住著英國罪犯和拓荒者的新開辟的 殖民地了, 而是一個沿著嶄新的生活道路艱難前進的、不斷成熟的、也許仍然比較年輕的. 國家。
澳大利亞到處都是巖石和沙漠, 分布毫無規(guī)則, 但四周有青蔥的山谷, 披著白雪的原 野, 形形色色的珊瑚礁, 風(fēng)雨侵蝕的懸崖絕壁和浪花片片的海灘。這片土地富于礦藏, 色彩 斑斕, 擁有各種奇花異草。在這似乎無邊無際的大地上有230 種哺乳動物, 700 種鳥類, 400 種爬行動物, 70 種兩棲動物, 2200 種魚類和5 萬種昆蟲。就物質(zhì)條件來講, 澳大利亞正在 變成世界上最富饒的國家。
這片大陸的面積約等于半個歐洲, 或者25 倍于英國和愛爾蘭的總面積。人口主要聚 集在沿海城市, 其中最大的是澳大利亞各州首府和聯(lián)邦首府堪培拉�？芭嗬且粋�典型的 有計劃性的公園城市, 國內(nèi)一所主要的大學(xué)也在這里。這座城市面積有點小, 但政治上很 重要。悉尼是全國最大的城市, 也是澳大利亞的商業(yè)中心。
澳大利亞的基本旅館住所是汽車旅館, 里邊的臥室是成套的預(yù)先設(shè)制好房間, 這種汽 車旅館幾乎布滿全國。房租并不貴, 最重要的是房內(nèi)陳設(shè)漂亮, 通常有空調(diào)、冰箱和烹茶煮 咖啡的設(shè)備。澳大利亞人喜歡既方便又衛(wèi)生的淋浴, 因此很少用浴盆。搬運業(yè)和其他服務(wù) 業(yè)也很少, 因為澳大利亞人不喜歡做帶有奴顏婢膝感覺的工作。畢竟這是一個平等的充滿 機遇的國家。
英語六級考試閱讀真題訓(xùn)練 3
The History of Chinese Americans
Chinese have been in the United States for almost two hundred years. In fact. the Chinese had business relations with Hawaii prior to relations with the mainland when Hawaii was not yet part of the United States.But United States investments controlled the capital of Hawaii at that time. In 1788,a ship sailed from Guangzhou to Hawaii. Most of the crewmen were Chinese. They were considered the pioneers of Hawaii. The Immigration Commission reported that the first Chinese arrived in the United States in 1820. eight in 1830 andseven hundred and eighty in 1850. The Chinese population gradually increased and reached 64,199 in 1870.
For many years it was common in the United States to associate Chinese Americans with restaurants and laundries. People did not realize that the Chinese had been driven into these occupations by the prejudice anddiscrimination that faced them in this country.
The First Chinese to reach the mainland United States came during the California Gold Rush of 1849. Like most of the other people there, they had come to search for gold. In that largely unoccupied land,the men staked a claim for themselves by placing markers in the ground. However. either because the Chinese were sodifferent from the others or because they worked so patiently that they sometimes succeeded in turning a seemingly worthless mining claim into a profitable one, they became che scapegoats of their envious competitors. They were harassed in many ways. Often they were prevented from working their claims; some localities even passed regulations forbidding them to own claims. The Chinese therefore started to seek out other ways of earning a living. Some of them began to do che laundry for the white miners; others set up small restaurants. (There were almost no women in California in those days,and the Chinese filled a real need by doing this“womans work”.) Some went to work as farmhands or as fishermen.
In the early 1860s many more Chincse arrived in California.This time the men were imported as work crews to construct the first transcontinental railroad.They were sorely needed because the work was so strenuousand dangerous, and it was carried on in such a remote part of the country that the railroad company could not find other laborers for the job. As in the case of their predecessors,these Chinese were almost all males; and like them, too, they encountered a great deal of prejudice. The hostility grew especially strong afrer the railroad project was complete, and the imported laborers returned to California-thousands of them, all out of work. Because there were so many more of them this time,these Chinese drew even more attention than the earlier group did. They were so very different in every respect: in their physical appearance,including a long“pigtail”at the back of their otherwise shaved heads; in the strange, non-Western clothes they wore; in their speech (few had learned English since they planned to go back to China); and in their religion. They were contemptuously called “heathen Chinese” because there were many sacred images in their houses of worship.
When times were hard. they were blamed for working for lower wages and taking jobs away from white men. who were in many cases recent immigrants themselves. Anti-Chinese riots broke out in several cities. culminating in arson and bloodshed. Chinese were barred from using the courts and also from becoming American citizens. Californians began to demand that no more Chinese be permitted to enter their state. Finally. in 1882. they persuaded Congress to pass the Chinese Exclusion Act, which stopped the immigration of Chinese laborers. Many Chinese rerurned to their homeland, and their numbers declined sharply in the early part of this century. However. during the World War II,when China was an ally of the United States. the Exclusion laws were ended; a small number of Chinese were allowed to immigrate each year, and Chinese could become American citizens. In 1965, in a general revision of our immigration laws,may more Chinese were permitted to settle here,as discrimination against Asian immigration was abolished.
From the start,the Chinese had lived apart in their own separate neighborhoods, which came to be known as “Chinatowns”. In each of them the residents organized an unofficial government to make rules for the community and to settle disputes. Unable to find jobs on the outside, many went into business for themselves-primarily to serve their own neighborhood. As for laundries and restaurants. some of them soon spread to other parts of the city,since such services continued to be in demand among non-Chinese, too. To this day. certain Chinatowns. especially those of San Francisco and New York. are busy. thriving communities, which have become great attractions for tourists and for those who enjoy Chinese food.
Most of todays Chincse Americans are the descendants of some of the early miners and railroad workers. Those immigrants had come from the vicinity of Canton in Southeast China. where they had been uneducated farm laborers.The same kind of young men,from the same area and from similar humble origins,migrated to Hawaii in those days. There they fared far better, mainly because they did not encounter hostility. Some married native Hawaiians, and other brought their wives and children over. They were not restricted to Chinatownand many of them soon became successful merchants and active participants in general community affairs.
Chinese Americans retain many aspects of their ancient culture. even after having lived here for several generations. For Example, their family ties continue to be remarkably scrong (encompassing grandparents. uncles, aunts, cousins. and others). Members of the family lend each other moral support and also practical help when necessary. From a very young age children are imbued with the old values and attitudes. including respect for their elders and a feeling of responsibility to the family. This helps co explain why there is so little juvenile delinquency (少年犯罪 ) among them.
The high regard for education which is deeply imbedded in Chinese culture.and the willingness to work veryhard to gain advancement, are other noteworthy characteristics of theirs. This explains why so many descendants of uneducated laborers have succeeded in becoming doctors. lawyers, and other professionals.(Many ofthe most outstanding Chinese American scholars,scientists, and artists are more recent arrivals, who come from Chinas former upper class and who represent its high cultural traditions.)
Chinese Americans make up only a tiny fraction of our population; there are fewer than half a miilion, living chiefly in California. New York. and Hawaii. As American attitudes toward minorities and toward ethnicdifferences have changed in recent years, the long-reviled Chinese have gained wide acceptance. Today, they are generally admired for their many remarkable characteristics, and are often held up as an example worth following. And their numerous contributions to their adopted land are much appreciated.
1.Most Chinese Americans worked in restaurants and laundries because of______________.
A)the skills they acquired at the motherland
B)local peoples discrimination against them
C)their high employment rates
D)their comparatively high pay
2. During the California Gold Rush.restaurant and laundry were regarded as________________.
A)unprofitable work
B)comfortable work
C)womans work
D)Chinese work
3.In the early l860s, more Chinese were shipped to California to work as________________.
A)gold miners
B)railroad builders
C)steelworkers
D)farmhands
4.Few Chinese learned English at that time because_________________.
A)they seldom used Engiish in Chinatown
B)they were too old to learn a new tongue
C)they couldnt find good English teachers
D)they wouldnt stay in America for long
5.The Chinese Exclusion Act came to an end_________________.
A)by the California governor then
B)after a massive bloodshed
C)during WWII
D)in 1965
6.One of the Chinatowns as a busy and thriving community now is located in________________.
A)Florida
B)Hawaii
C)New Jersey
D)New York
7.Chinese immigrants to Hawaii found that they________________.
A)were treated without discrimination
B)were provided with fewer job choices
C)couldnt travel to mainland America
D)could only live or work in Chinatown
8.The old values and attitudes imparted into the young Chinese Americans effectively help prevent_______________.
9.Chinas high cultural traditions are represented by the Chinese American_____________.
10.The contributions made by Chinese to America had gained much_____________.
答案解析：
1.[B][定位]根據(jù)題干中的restaurants and laundries定位到第2段。
解析：第2段首句提到了中國移民被迫到餐廳和洗衣房打工，第2句則揭示了個中的原因，B的內(nèi)容在第2句中提及，為本題答案。
2.[C][定位]根據(jù)題干中的California Gold Rush，restaurant和laundry定位到第3段倒數(shù)第2、3句。
解析：原文該句中的this“womans work”指的就是前一句提到的laundry和restaurant的工作，可見本題應(yīng)選C。
3.[B][定位]根據(jù)題干中的In the early 1860s定位到第4段開頭兩句。
解析：原文該段第2句中的work crews to construct the first transcontinental railroad表明那時候華人到美國是為了修建鐵路，可見本題應(yīng)選B。
4.[D][定位]根據(jù)題干中的Few和learned English定位到第4段倒數(shù)第2句。
解析：原文該句中括號里的內(nèi)容明確表明很少華人學(xué)習(xí)英語的原因是他們都計劃要回中國，也就是他們沒想過要長久留在美國，因此本題應(yīng)選D。
5.[C][定位]根據(jù)題干中的The Chinese Exclusion Act定位到第5段倒數(shù)第2句。
解析：原文該句中的during the World War II... the Exclusion laws were ended明確表明本題應(yīng)選C。干擾項D中的1965在原文該段末句提及，但與Chinese Exclusion Act無關(guān)，故不能選。
6.[D][定位]根據(jù)題干中的Chinatowns和busy and thriving community定位到第6段末句。
解析：原文該段提到繁榮的Chinatown時，只提到了San Francisco和New York，D正是其中一個，其他選項均未提及。
7.[A][定位]根據(jù)題干中的immigrants和Hawaii定位到第7段第3、4句。
解析：原文該段第4句中because引出的原因從句表明華人在夏威夷“沒有遭到敵視”，A“沒有受到歧視”與原文該句意思一致。所以本題應(yīng)選A。
8.[juvenile delinquency]
[定位]根據(jù)題干中的old values and attitudes定位到第8段最后兩句。
解析：空白處應(yīng)為名詞(詞組)。原文該段最后兩句表明孩子們從小就被灌輸古代的價值觀與看問題的方法，這使他們在青少年時期很少犯罪，也就是說，這些價值觀與看問題的`方法可有助于減少“青少年犯罪”，即juvenile delinquency。
9.[scholars,scientists,and artists]
[定位]根據(jù)題干中的high cultural traditions和represented定位到第9段末句。
解析：空白處應(yīng)為名詞(詞組)。原文該段末尾的who represent its high cultural traditions中的who指的是末句開頭提到的Many of the most outstanding Chinese American scholars，scientists，and artists。題目將段末的定語從句改寫為被動語態(tài)，所以who所指的內(nèi)容就是本題答案，即scholars，scientists and artists。
10.[appreciation]
[定位]根據(jù)題干中的contributions定位到末段末句。
解析：空白處應(yīng)為不可數(shù)名詞。題目是對原文該句的同義改寫，所不同的是，原文的謂語部分是are much appreciated.而題目的是had gained much...，作答時要將appreciated改為其名詞形式appreciation，才可作題目中g(shù)ained的賓語。
英語六級考試閱讀真題訓(xùn)練 4
The word religion is derived from the Latin noun religio, which denotes both earnest observance of ritual obligations and an inward spirit of reverence. In modern usage, religion covers a wide spectrum of meaning that reflects the enormous variety of ways the term can be interpreted. At one extreme, many committed believers recognize only their own tradition as a religion, understanding expressions such as worship and prayer to refer exclusively to the practices of their tradition. Although many believers stop short of claiming an exclusive status for their tradition, they may nevertheless use vague or idealizing terms in defining religion for example, true love of God, or the path of enlightenment. At the other extreme, religion may be equated with ignorance, fanaticism, or wishful thinking.
By defining religion as a sacred engagement with what is taken to be a spiritual reality, it is possible to consider the importance of religion in human life without making claims about what it really is or ought to be. Religion is not an object with a single, fixed meaning, or even a zone with clear boundaries. It is an aspect of human experience that may intersect, incorporate, or transcend other aspects of life and society. Such a definition avoid the drawbacks of limiting the investigation of religion to Western or biblical categories such as monotheism (belief in one god only) or to church structure, which are not universal. For example, in tribal societies, religion unlike the Christian church usually is not a separate institution but pervades the whole of public and private life.
In Buddhism, gods are not as central as the idea of a Buddha. In many traditional cultures, the idea of a sacred cosmic order is the most prominent religious belief. Because of this variety, some scholars prefer to use a general term such as the sacred to designate the common foundation of religious life.
Religion in this understanding includes a complex of activities that cannot be reduced to any single aspect of human experience. It is a part of individual life but also of group dynamics. Religion includes patterns of behavior but also patterns of language and thought. It is sometimes a highly organized institution that sets itself apart from a culture, and it is sometimes an integral part of a culture. Religious experience may be expressed in visual symbols, dance and performance, elaborate philosophical systems, legendary and imaginative stories, formal ceremonies, and detailed rules of ethical conduct and law. Each of these elements assumes innumerable cultural forms. In some ways there are as many forms of religious expression as there are human cultural environments.
1.What is the passage mainly concerned about?
A.Religion has a variety of interpretation.
B.Religion is a reflection of ignorance.
C.Religion is not only confined to the Christian categories.
D.Religion includes all kinds of activities.
2.What does the word “observance” probably convey in Para. 1?
A.notice
B.watching
C.conformity
D.experience
3.According to the passage what people generally consider religion to be?
A.Fantastic observance
B.Spiritual practice
C.Individual observance of tradition
D.A complex of activities
4.Which of the following is not true?
A.It is believed by some that religion should be what it ought to be.
B.“The path of enlightenment” is a definition that the author doesn’t agree to.
C.According to the author, the committed believers define religion improperly.
D.The author doesn’t speak in favor of the definition of “the sacred”.
5.Which of the following is religion according to the passage?
A.Performance of human beings.
B.Buddha, monotheism and some tribal tradition.
C.Practice separated from culture.
D.All the above.
答案：ACBDB
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