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大學(xué)英語四級寫作指導(dǎo)：“介詞+反身代詞”的常用搭配
在日常學(xué)習(xí)、工作或生活中，大家一定都接觸過作文吧，借助作文可以宣泄心中的情感，調(diào)節(jié)自己的心情。那么一般作文是怎么寫的呢？下面是小編為大家整理的作文大學(xué)英語四級寫作指導(dǎo)：“介詞+反身代詞”的常用搭配，歡迎大家分享。
大學(xué)英語四級寫作指導(dǎo)：“介詞+反身代詞”的搭配
反身代詞是一種表示反射或強調(diào)的代詞。它的基本含義是：通過反身代詞指代主語，使施動者把動作在形式上反射到施動者自己。因此，反身代詞與它所指代的名詞或代詞形成互指關(guān)系，在人稱、性質(zhì)、數(shù)上保持一致。
反身代詞經(jīng)常和介詞有一些重要的搭配，接下來讓我們來看看這些例子吧!
to oneself
該搭配的基本意思是“獨自地”“單獨地”“給自己用”，通常與某些動詞配合使用，其含義也往往受所搭配動詞意思的影響。如：
1. cry to oneself 哭著對自己說
Oh Ned, Nancy cried to herself, why did you have to leave me? 哦，內(nèi)德，南希還哭著對自己說，你為什么一定得離開我呢?
2. have something to oneself 獨自享用某物
I have the whole day to myself. 今天整天都是屬于我自己的。
among oneself
該搭配中的反身代詞通常為ourselves, themselves，且通常與動詞agree, argue, quarrel, decide, divide, talk 等搭配，表示“彼此”“互相”“……之間”之類的意思。如：
They were busy arguing among themselves. 他們忙著互相爭論。
We were always quarrelling among ourselves. 我們之間老是互相爭吵。
They talked among themselves while they waited. 他們一邊等著一邊互相談話。
Volunteers divided the different jobs among themselves. 志愿者們分擔(dān)各種不同的工作。
The trainees decide among themselves what programs to take. 受訓(xùn)者自行選擇所學(xué)課程。
The trouble was they couldn’t agree among themselves. 麻煩的是他們自己不能取得一致的意見。
有時也與discussion, dispute等名詞搭配。如：
They had a heated discussion among themselves. 他們之間進行了熱烈的討論。
They tried to settle disputes among themselves. 他們試圖解決彼此之間的糾紛。
between ourselves
該搭配為英語中的固定短語，意思是“勿與外人道私下說的話”“咱們私下說說(不足為外人道)”等，在具體語境中通�？梢杂斜容^靈活的翻譯。如：
All this is between ourselves. 這些我們只是私下說說。
Between ourselves, I think she’s a bit of a fool. 你可別對別人說啊，我覺得她有點兒傻。
Between ourselves, I don’t think he will live much longer. 咱們私下說說，他活不久了。
Between ourselves. I think Mr. Holmes had not quite got over his illness yet. 我們私下說說，我認為福爾摩斯先生病還沒完全好。
有時也說成between you and me，意思一樣。如：
Between you and me, I think he’s rather stupid. 這是我們私下里說的話，我認為他很笨。
by oneself
該短語有以下三個意思：
一是表示“單獨地”“獨自地”，與alone同義。如：
I often like to spend time by myself. 我平常喜歡獨自消磨時間。
The dog was in the house by itself for several days. 狗在房子里單獨呆了幾天。
She is old enough to travel by herself. 她已經(jīng)到了可以自己出門旅行的年齡了。
表示此義時有時還可用作表語。如：
My mother is by herself, so I must go home now. 我媽一個人在家，因此我得回家了。
二是表示“靠自己”“無他人幫助”，與without help同義。如：
I managed to do it by myself. 我是自己做成這件事的。
John managed to repair his car by himself. 約翰設(shè)法獨力修理自己的汽車。
There are many things one must do by oneself without depending on others. 有許多事情你必須自己去做，不能依靠別人。
三是表示“自動地”，主要用于 by itself，意思相當(dāng)于automatically。如：
This is a machine that works by itself. 這是一臺自動工作的機器。
The door opens by itself as you approach it. 當(dāng)你靠近時候門就會自動打開。
The machine will start by itself in a few seconds. 機器在幾秒鐘后會自動開啟。
for oneself
該搭配主要有兩個方面的意思：
一是表示“自己”“親自”。如：
You can judge for yourself. 你可以自己做出判斷。
He has a fight to decide for himself. 他有權(quán)自己做決定。
He demanded the right to decide for himself. 他要求得到自己做決定的權(quán)力。
二是表示“為自己”“替自己”。如：
He made no complaint for himself. 他沒為自己訴苦。
He acted without thought for himself. 他那樣做的時候并沒考慮到自己。
She’s no shrinking violet—always ready to speak up for herself. 她可不膽小——任何場合都能為自己說話。
in itself
該搭配的意思是“本質(zhì)上”“實質(zhì)上”“本身”。如：
He is not bad in himself. 他本質(zhì)不壞。
The idea is not bad in itself. 這主意本身不錯。
Threading a needle is an art in itself. 穿針引線本身就是一種技巧。
You’ve managed to complete the course—that in itself is an achievement. 你設(shè)法修完了課程——這本身就是成績。
英語四級的寫作句式
1.表示變化
1）Some changes have taken place in the past five years.
2）A great change will certainly be produced in the world’s communications.
3）The computer has brought about many changes in education.
例如：Some changes have taken place in people’s diet in the past five years.The major reasons for these changes are not far to seek.Nowadays，more and more people are switching from grain to meat for protein，and from fruit and vegetable to milk for vitamins.
2.表示事實、現(xiàn)狀
1）We cannot ignore the fact that...
2）No one can deny the fact that...
3）There is no denying the fact that...
4）This is a phenomenon that many people are interested in.
5）However，that’s not the case.
例如：We cannot ignore the fact that industrialization brings with it the problems of pollution.To solve these problems，we can start by educating the public about the hazards of pollution.The government on its part should also design stricter laws to promote a cleaner environment.
3.表示比較
1）Compared with A，B...
2）I prefer to read rather than watch TV.
3）There is a striking contrast between them.
例如：Compared with cars，bicycles have several advantages besides being affordable.Firstly，they do not consume natural resources of petroleum.Secondly，they do not cause the pollution problem.Last but not least，they contribute to people’s health by giving them due physical exercise.
4.表示數(shù)量
1）It has increased（decreased）from...to...
2）The population in this city has now increased（decreased）to 800，000.
3）The output of July in this factory increased by 15％compared with that of January.
例如： With the improvement of the living standard，the proportion of people’s income spent on food has decreased while that spent on education has increased.
5.表示看法
1）People have（take，adopt，assume）different attitudes towards sth.
2）People have different opinions on this problem.
3）People take different views of（on）the question.
4）Some people believe that...Others argue that...
例如： People have different attitudes towards failure.Some believe that failure leads to success. Every failure they experience translates into a greater chance of success at their renewed endeavor.However，others are easily discouraged by failures and put themselves into the category of losers. 注：一個段落有時很適宜以問句開始，考生應(yīng)掌握這一寫作方法。
6.表示結(jié)論
1）In short，it can be said that ...
2）It may be briefly summed up as follows.
3）From what has been mentioned above，we can come to the conclusion that ...
例如：From what has been mentioned above，we can come to the conclusion that examination is necessary，however，its method should be improved. 注：例句1可用于任何一個段落的結(jié)論句；例句3則多用文章結(jié)論段的第一句。
7.套語
1）It’s well known to us that ...
2）As is known to us，...
3）This is a topic that is being widely talked about.
4）From the graph（table，chart）listed above，it can be seen that ...
5）As aproverb says，“Where there is a will，there is a way.
例如：As is well known to us，it is important for the students to know the world outside campus. The reason for this is obvious. Nowadays，the society is changing and developing rapidly，and the campus is no longer an“ivory tower. As college students，we must get in touch with the world outside the campus. Only in this way can we adapt ourselves to the society quickly after we graduate.
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