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2016年英語(yǔ)專業(yè)八級(jí)考試備考漢譯英樣題
下文是一篇專業(yè)英語(yǔ)八級(jí)漢譯英的樣題和答案，提供給諸位考生參考。
近讀報(bào)紙，對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)名片和請(qǐng)柬的議論頗多，于是想起客居巴黎時(shí)經(jīng)常見到的法國(guó)人手中的名片和請(qǐng)柬，隨筆記下來(lái)，似乎不無(wú)借鑒之處。
在巴黎，名目繁多的酒會(huì)、冷餐會(huì)是廣交朋友的好機(jī)會(huì)。在這種場(chǎng)合陌生人相識(shí)，如果是亞洲人，他們往往開口之前先畢恭畢敬地用雙手把自己的名片呈遞給對(duì)方，這好像是不可缺少的禮節(jié)。然而，法國(guó)人一般卻都不大主動(dòng)遞送名片，雙方見面寒喧幾句甚至海闊天空地聊一番也就各自走開。只有當(dāng)雙方談話投機(jī)，希望繼續(xù)交往時(shí)，才會(huì)主動(dòng)掏出名片。二話不說(shuō)先遞名片反倒有些勉強(qiáng)。
法國(guó)人的名片講究樸素大方，印制精美，但很少有鑲金邊兒的，閃光多色的或帶香味兒的，名片上的字體纖細(xì)秀麗，本人的名字也不過(guò)分突出，整張紙片上空白很大，毫無(wú)擁擠不堪的感覺(jué)。
(參考譯文)
In reading recent newspapers, I have come to find that people in China have become more and more interested in discussing about name cards and invitation letters. This has triggered my reminiscences of the name cards and invitation letters of the French people that I saw when I was residing in Paris. In writing down those random reminiscences, I believe that they might provide some useful information for us to learn from.
In Paris, all the wine parties and buffet receptions held on various occasions provide optimum opportunities to make friends with all varieties of people. When encountering a stranger on such an occasion, an Asian would invariably hand over his name card to the newly-met stranger with full reverence, with both of his hands, even before he starts to converse with the stranger. Such an act seems to have become an indispensable ritual (formality/ etiquette). By contrast, an average Frenchman seldom takes the initiative to (offers to / volunteers to) present his name card. Instead, he would simply walk away after an exchange of routine greetings or even some aimless (random/ casual) chat. Only when both sides become deeply engrossed (engaged / involved) in their conversation and have the intention to make further acquaintance with each other would they offer to give their name cards. It would seem somehow bizarre if a French person offers his name card without saying anything to the stranger in the first place.
The French tend to take extraordinary precaution to make their name cards simple yet elegant. Exquisitely designed and printed, their name cards are seldom golden-framed, or colorfully shiny, or tinted with fragrant smells. The letters as appear on their name cards tend to be diminutive but beautiful, not allowing the name of the card-bearer to be overly prominent/salient. The entire card contains much empty space, imparting no sense of over-crowdedness.
拓展閱讀：2016年專四英語(yǔ)考試完形填空解題的六大線索
完形填空的每一個(gè)空格都不是孤立存在的，它是整個(gè)篇章的一部分，與上下文有著明顯或微妙的關(guān)系，因此在選擇時(shí)就要考慮到各選項(xiàng)與上下文的聯(lián)系。通常這種聯(lián)系或關(guān)系為考生做出正確選擇提供了各種線索，比如語(yǔ)義邏輯、語(yǔ)法框架、詞匯搭配及詞義的應(yīng)用和概念，還有些是非語(yǔ)言性的一些知識(shí)等。
1. 語(yǔ)義線索：在完形填空中，某些項(xiàng)的選擇可以根據(jù)“語(yǔ)義”來(lái)決定，既已有的詞或句子的語(yǔ)義決定著必須選擇某個(gè)選項(xiàng)，否則整個(gè)文章的語(yǔ)義邏輯就不通，內(nèi)容就與作者的原意不一致。
2. 語(yǔ)法線索：指所填入的詞與上下文可能發(fā)生的語(yǔ)法方面的聯(lián)系。
3. 詞匯線索：有些完形填空要填入的詞與上下文其他詞有各種聯(lián)系，文中的詞往往在詞義上或搭配上決定了應(yīng)填入的詞。
4. 概念線索：在完形填空題的上下文中，有時(shí)會(huì)出現(xiàn)一些詞與空格內(nèi)需要填的詞同指一個(gè)人或事物，甚至可以在上下文中找到應(yīng)填的同一個(gè)詞。
5. 語(yǔ)篇線索：有時(shí)完形填空的各選項(xiàng)同為表示一定邏輯關(guān)系或承接關(guān)系的詞或詞組。選項(xiàng)同為單詞時(shí)首先看四個(gè)選項(xiàng)是否詞性相同。若連詞、副詞混雜，先分析原句成分是否完整，可參考標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)或其他連詞的存在。確定所需的詞性后，再判斷邏輯題在原文中所涉及的范圍。有時(shí)只是幾個(gè)詞之間的關(guān)系。常出現(xiàn)在完形填空部分的邏輯關(guān)系表示方式有連詞、副詞、語(yǔ)氣詞及插入語(yǔ)、詞組(介詞詞組)等。
6. 超語(yǔ)言線索：在完形填空考題中，有時(shí)不是利用以上幾種線索便可以決定選項(xiàng)，這時(shí)往往要根據(jù)自己對(duì)試題內(nèi)容的有關(guān)背景知識(shí)的了解來(lái)決定填入的選項(xiàng)。
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