實用高中英語短語與句型
在日常學習、工作抑或是生活中，大家最不陌生的就是句子了吧，句子的組成部分，包括主語、謂語、賓語、定語、狀語、補語六種。那么你有真正了解過句子嗎？以下是小編精心整理的實用高中英語短語與句型，歡迎閱讀，希望大家能夠喜歡。
高中英語短語與句型 1
1、about
1. be about sth 忙于做某事，在干某事。如：
What are you about? 你在干(忙)什么?
He knew what he was about. 他知道自己在干什么。
be about to do sth
(1) 即將，馬上(不與具體時間狀語連用)。如：
Sit down, everyone. The film is about to start. 大家坐好，電影馬上就要開發(fā)始了。
He was about to go to bed when the telephone rang. 他正要上床睡覺，這時電話鈴響了起來。
(2) 打算，有意(主要見于美國英語中，且主要用于否定句)。如：
I’m not about to lend him any more money. 我不打算再借給他任何錢。
I’m not about to stop when I’m so close to success. 現(xiàn)在我已接近要成功了，我不打算放棄。
3. How [What] about (doing) sth?
(1) 用于征求意見，意為：你認為(做)某事怎么樣? 如：
How about having a cup of tea? 喝杯茶怎么樣?
What about a game of table tennis? 打場乒乓球怎么樣?
(2) 詢問情況或打聽消息，意為：(做)某事怎么樣? 如：
What about that matter the other day? 早幾天的那件事怎么樣了?
(3) 表示諷刺或挖苦，意為：你做某事又作何解釋? 你做某事又怎么說? 如：
A：I have never had an accident while driving. 我開車從未出過事。
B：How about that time you ran into a lamppost? 那次你撞到路燈上又怎么解釋呢?
注：有時用于人。如：
I’m ready. What about you? 我已準備好了，你呢?
How about Mother? Is she all right? 媽媽怎么樣? 她好嗎?
2、above
1. above all 首先，最重要的是。如：
Above all, he was not honest. 最重要的是他不誠實。
But above all tell me quickly what I have to do now. 但現(xiàn)在首先要告訴我要去做什么。
2. be above one (one’s head) 太高深，無法理解。如：
The book is above the boy. 這個孩子讀不懂這本書。
The lecture was above the heads of most students. 這個講座大部分學生理解不了。
3. get above oneself 自高自大，自命不凡。如：
Don’t get above yourself. 不要自以為了不起。
Now he is getting far above himself. 他現(xiàn)在有變得狂妄了。
3、absence
absence
1. in (during) one’s absence / in (during) the absence of
(1) 當某人不在時。如：
Please look after my house in (during) my absence. 我不在的時候，請照看一下我的房子。
In the absence of the manager, I shall be in charge. 經(jīng)理不在時，由我負責。
(2) (由于)缺乏某物，在缺乏某物的情況下。如：
Plants cannot exist in the absence of oxygen, nor can animals. 植物在無氧情況下不能生存，動物也是一樣。
He was forced to accept it as true in the absence of other evidence. 由于沒有別的證據(jù)，他只好認為那是真實的。
2. absence of mind 心不在焉。如：
Absence of mind may have bad results. 心不在焉可能會導致糟糕的結(jié)果。
4、absent
1. be absent from 不在，缺席。如：
He was absent from the meeting. 他沒有參加會議。
比較(注意介詞不同導致含義的變化)：
He is absent from Beijing. 他不在北京(而在別處)。
He is absent in Beijing. 他不在這里而在北京。
2. absent oneself from 缺席，不在。如：
He absented himself from the meeting. 他沒有出席會議。
Why did you absent yourself from class yesterday? 你昨天為什么沒來上課?
5、accident
1. by accident 偶然地，無意中。如：
I found it by accident. 我是無意中找到它的。
Columbus discovered America by accident. 哥倫布偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)了美洲大陸。
注：by accident 主要用作狀語，有時也用作表語。如：
Our meeting in Paris was by accident. 我們在巴黎見面是個巧合。
2. by accident of 因為……的機會，由于……的運氣。如：
By accident of birth, he was rich. 他有幸生在富裕家庭。
3. without accident 平安無事地。如：
That night passed without accident. 一夜平安無事。
The ship arrived there without accident. 船平安到達那兒。
6、according
1. according as 根據(jù)，隨……而定(后接從句)。如：
Everyone contributes according as he is able. 每個人根據(jù)自己的能力作出貢獻。
You will be praised or blamed according as your work is good or bad. 根據(jù)你工作的好壞，你會得到表揚或批評。
According as you are studying now, you won’t make much progress. 根據(jù)你現(xiàn)在學習情況來看，你不會有多大的進步。
2. according to
(1) 根據(jù)，按照(主要引出狀語)。如：
Everything went off according to plan. 一切都按照計劃實現(xiàn)了。
According to my watch it is five o’clock. 照我的表，現(xiàn)在是五點鐘。
Each man will be paid according to his ability. 每個人將根據(jù)他的能力獲得報酬。
注：according to 后一般不接 view(看法)和 opinion(意見)這類詞，也不接表示第一人稱的代詞(me, us)。如：
依我看，這部電影很不錯。
正：In my opinion, the film is wonderful.
誤：According to my opinion, the film is wonderful.
誤：According to me, the film is wonderful.
(2) 合乎，符合(主要引出表語)。如：
It is not according to his nature to give praise. 他本性不喜歡頌揚。
7、account
1. by (from) all accounts 據(jù)說，據(jù)報道，根據(jù)各方面所說。如：
He is a great football player, from all accounts. 據(jù)說他是個很不了起的足球運動員。
I’ve never been there but it is, by all accounts, a lovely place. 我從未去過那地方，但聽說那地方很好。
2. on account of 因為，由于。如：
He couldn’t come on account of his illness. 他因病不能前來。
On account of holiday our store will be closed tomorrow. 由于明天是假日，我們商店停止營業(yè)。
3. on all accounts (on every account) 總之，無論如何。如：
On all accounts you must go. 總之，你一定得去。
It is best to stay here on every account. 總之，留在這兒是最好的。
4. on no accounts 絕不，無論如何都不。如：
My name must on no accounts be mentioned to anyone. 我的名字是絕不能向任何人提起的。
I will never do such a thing on any account. 無論如何我決不做這樣的事。
若置于句首，句子要用倒裝句式。如：
On no accounts must this switch be touched. 這個開關(guān)是絕不能觸摸的。
5. on one’s account 為了某人的緣故。如：
Don’t put off the meeting on my account. 不要為了我而把會議推遲。
I didn’t tell her the news on her husband. 由于她丈夫的關(guān)系，我沒有把這消息告訴她。
6. take sth into account 考慮，注意。如：
You should take the expenses into account. 你應該把費用考慮進去。
When judging his performance, don’t take his age into account. 評定他的表現(xiàn)時，不必考慮他的年齡。
有時 sth 較長，也可放在后面。如：
We must take into account the boy’s long illness. 我們必須考慮到這個孩子已經(jīng)病了很久。
有時也可說成 take account of sth。如：
You must take account of this fact. / You must take this fact into account. 你必須考慮到這個事實。
8、act
1. act as (臨時)擔任，充當，起……的作用。如：
A trained dog can act as a guide to a blind person. 經(jīng)過訓練的狗可以擔任盲人的向?qū)А?/p>
表示擔任獨一無二的職務，其前通常不用冠詞。如：
He acted as manager in my absence. 我不在時他擔任經(jīng)理。
I don’t understand their language; you’ll have to act as
interpreter. 我不懂他們的語言，你得當翻譯了。
2. act for 代理(某人職務)，代為(處理某事)。如：
Please act for me during my absence. 我不在時請代理我處理事務。
I acted for our captain while he was in hospital. 我們隊長住院時由我代理他。
3. act out (用手勢和語言)表演出來。如：
Let’s act out the story of the three bears once more. 讓我們再把這三只熊的故事表演一次吧。
4. act on (upon) 對……起作用，對……有效。如：
The drug acts on the stomach. 這藥對胃有效。
Alcohol acts on the nervous system. 酒精對人的神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)有影響。
5. in the act (of) 當場，正在動作時。如：
He was in the very act of starting. 他正準備動身。
He was caught in the act (of reading my private letters). 他(在讀我的私信時)被當場抓住。
9、action
1. in action 在活動中，在進行中，在運轉(zhuǎn)中，在戰(zhàn)斗中。如：
I’ve heard he’s an excellent player but I’ve never seen him in action. 我聽說他是位高手，但還從未實地見過。
The machine is now in action. 機器正在運轉(zhuǎn)。
He was killed in action in France. 他在法國陣亡。
2. out of action 失去作用，出故障，不中用。如：
The engine is out of action. 發(fā)動機出了故障。
I’ve been out of action for several weeks with a broken leg. 我的腿摔折了，已經(jīng)好幾個星期沒有工作了。
3. take action 采取行動。如：
I felt that it was time for me to take action. 我感到是我該采取行動的時候了。
Immediate action must be taken to stop the fire spreading. 必須采取行動阻止火勢蔓延。
10、add
1. add in 包括。如：
Don’t forget to add me in. 別忘了把我也算上。
Would you add in these items, please? 請你把這些條款包括進去好嗎?
2. add to 增加。如：
This adds to our difficulties. 這增加了我們的困難。
It adds to my pleasure to see you here today. 今天在這里見到你我格外高興。
3. add up
(1) 加起來。如：
You haven’t added the figures up right. 這些數(shù)字你沒有加對。
(2) 有意義，有道理(主要用于口語中，且主要用于否定句)。如：
His excuse just doesn’t add up. 他的借口完全站不住腳。
What he said doesn’t add up. 他說的話自相矛盾。
4. add up to
(1) 加起來等于，總計。如：
The figures add up to 500. 這些數(shù)字加起來等于500。
The costs added up to 1000 dollars. 費用總計為1000美元。
(2) 總起來看說明了。如：
Your long answer just adds up to a refusal. 你的冗長回答簡直等于拒絕。
The evidence all adds up to a case of murder. 所有證據(jù)都說明這是一起謀殺案。
11、addition
1. in addition 此外，另外，還有。如：
I met some friends and other people in addition. 我遇到了幾位朋友，還遇到了其它一些人。
You need money and time, in addition, you need diligence. 你需要金錢和時間，此外你還需要努力。
2. in addition to 除……之外。如：
We play football in addition to basketball. 除了籃球外，我們還踢足球。
In addition to English, he has to study a second foreign language. 除英語外，他還得學第二外語。
In addition to the overcoat you asked for, I bought you a shirt. 除了你要的上衣外，我還給你買了件襯衫。
注：in addition to 中的to為介詞，所以后接動詞作賓語時要用動名詞。如：
In addition to giving me some advice, he gave me some money. 他不僅給我提了些忠告，而且還給了我一些錢。
另外，當主語后跟有in addition to引出的介詞短語時，謂語動詞仍與其前的.主語保持一致。如：
The teacher, in addition to his students, was interested in the book. 老師和他的學生都對這本書感興趣。
12、admire
1. admire sb for sth 因為某事情而佩服某人
We admire him for his bravery. 我們佩服他的勇敢。
I admire him for his success in business. 我們佩服他事來有成。
注：有時以上句型可以簡寫，如上面兩句的 him for 也可省略，即第一句可說成：We admire his bravery.
13、admit
1. admit of 容許有，有……的余地，有……的可能。如：
The matter admits of no delay. 此事刻不容緩。
The word admits of no other meaning in the case. 該詞在此例中不可能有其它的意義。
2. admit to 承認。如：
He admitted to the murder. 他供認了謀殺罪。
He admitted to having taken the money. 他承認拿了那筆錢。
注：由于 admit 表示“承認”可用作及物動詞或不及物動詞，所以上面各例中的介詞 to 有時也可省略(省略 to 后 admit 為及物動詞)。
3. admit…to (into) 允許進入，使能進入。如：
They admitted him to [into] their organization. 他們接受他參加了他們的組織。
How many students have been admitted into the school this year? 今年這所學校有多少學生入學?
試比較(注意介詞不同)：
He was admitted to (into) the Party. 他被吸收入黨。
He was admitted as a Party member. 他被接納為黨員。
14、advance
1. in advance 事先，提前。如：
The heavy luggage was sent in advance. 笨重的行李已事先送去。
Everything has been fixed in advance. 一切都已預先安排好了。
2. in advance of 在……前面，超過，比……進步。如：
She walked in advance of her husband. 她走在她丈夫前面。
He is far in advance of his class. 他在班上遙遙領(lǐng)先。
3. on the advance (物價)在上漲。如：
Silk is on the advance. 絲綢價格在上漲。
15、advantage
1. have the (an) advantage over (of) 優(yōu)于，比……占有優(yōu)勢。如：
He has an advantage over me for he knows some French. 由于他懂點法語，所以比我的條件有利。
You have the advantage over (of) me in experience. 你經(jīng)驗比我豐富。
有時用動詞 gain, get 等。如：
They gained an advantage over the enemy. 他們比敵人占優(yōu)勢。
2. take advantage of
(1) 利用(機會、時機等)。如：
They took advantage of the fine weather to play tennis. 他們利用好天氣去打了網(wǎng)球。
(2) 利用(某人的處境、弱點等)。如：
He always took full advantage of the mistakes made by his rivals. 他總是充分利用對手所犯的錯誤。
(3) 欺騙(某人)，捉弄(某人)，占(某人的)便宜。如：
He has always been taking advantage of me. 他老是在占我的便宜。
3. to sb’s advantage對某人有利。如：
The present world situation is to our advantage. 目前的世界形勢對我們有利。
It will be to your advantage to study abroad. 出國學習將對你有利。
16、advertise
1. advertise for sth (sb) 登廣告征求或?qū)ふ夷澄锘蚰橙�。如�?/p>
He advertised for his missing wallet. 他登廣告尋找他丟失的錢包。
I must advertise for a new secretary. 我必須登廣告招聘一位新秘書。
有時可后接不定式的復合結(jié)構(gòu)。如：
We should advertise for someone to do it. 我們應該登廣告找一個人來做此事。
注：advertise for 表示“登廣告征求或?qū)ふ摇�，而不表示“為……而登廣告”，要表示后者只需用 advertise 即可(即不能用介詞 for)。如：
People advertise things which they wish to sell. 人們?yōu)橐u的東西登廣告。
Jobs are advertised in the papers. 報紙上登有招聘廣告。
高中英語短語與句型 2
1、as 句型
(1) as引導方式狀語從句句型：“按照……;正如……”
例：As(it is)in your country, we grow wheat in the north and rice in the south.
正如(像) 你們國家一樣，我們北方種植小麥，南方種植水稻。
(2) as+形容詞/副詞原級+(a /an)+名詞+as ;
否定式：not as/so --- as
例：He is as good a player as his sister.
他和他姐姐一樣是位優(yōu)秀的運動員。
(3) such + n. + as to do 如此……以致于……
例：She is such a fool as to believe what he said.
她是一個如此的一個笨蛋以致相信了他所說的話。
(4) so + adj./adv. + as to do sth 如此……以致于……
例：He was so strong as to carry the heavy box.
他是如此的強壯以致于能提起那重箱子。
(5) such...as... 象……之類的…… (接名詞或定語從句)
例：He wished to be such a man as Lei Feng was.
他希望成為一個像雷鋒這樣的人。
(6) the same +名詞+as 和……一樣的…… (接名詞或定語從句)
例：He is not the same man as he used to be.
他不是從前的那樣子了。
(7) as 引導非限制性定語從句
例：As is known to us, knowledge is power.
眾所周知，知識就是力量。
(8)引導時間狀語從句，與while意義相近
例：We get wiser as we get older.
隨著我們長大，我們也變得越來越聰明。
(9) 引導原因狀語從句，與 because的用法相近
例：As it was getting very late, we soon turned back.
因為越來越遲了，所以我們不久就回來了。
(10) 引導讓步狀語從句
例：Child as he is, he knows much about science.
盡管他是一個小孩，但他對科學了解得很多。
2、prefer 句型
(1) prefer to do sth
例：I prefer to stay at home.
我寧愿呆在家里。
(2) prefer doing sth
例：I prefer playing in defence.
我喜歡打防守。
(3) prefer sb to do sth
例：Would you prefer me to stay?
你愿意我留下來嗎?
(4) prefer to do sth rather than do sth ……
寧愿…...而不愿...
例句：I prefer to stay at home rather than go out.
我寧愿呆在家里而不愿出去.
(5) prefer doing sth to doing sth
例：I prefer watching football to playing it.
我喜歡看籃球，不喜歡打籃球。
(6) prefer sth to sth
例：I prefer tea to coffee.
我要茶不要咖啡。
3、when 句型
(1) be doing sth...when...
例：He was still smiling when the door opened and his wife came in.
他正笑著的時候門突然開了，他妻子走了進來。
(2) be about to do sth ... when ...
例：We were about to start when it began to rain.
我們剛要出發(fā)，天就開始下雨了。
(3) had just done ... when ...
例：I had just gone to bed after a very hard day when the phone rang.
在勞累了一天之后我剛剛就寢，電話鈴就響了。
4、seem 句型
(1) It +seems + that從句
例：It seemed that everyone was satisfied.
看來好像每個人都很滿意。
(2) It seems to sb that ...
例：It seems to me that she is right.
我看她是對的，
(3) There seems to be ...
例：There seems to be a heavy rain.
看上去要有一場大雨。
(4) It seems as if ...
例：It seemed that she couldn't come to class.
看樣子她不能來上課了。
5、表示“相差…;增加了..;增加到..”句型
(1) She is taller than I by three inches.
她比我高三英寸
(2) There is one year between us.
我們之間相差一歲。
(3) She is three years old than I.
她比我大三歲。
(4) They have increased the price by 50%.
他們把價格上漲了50%
(5) His salary has rised to 10,000 yuan per month.
他的工資已經(jīng)漲到了每月10,000元。
6、what 引導的名詞性從句
(1) what 引導主語從句
例：What surprised me is that everybody seemed to be very indifferent to her.
讓我吃驚的是每個人似乎對她都很冷淡。
[ indifferent adj.不關(guān)心的;冷漠的]
(2) what 引導賓語從句
例：We can learn what we do not know.
我們能學會我們不懂的東西。
(3) what 引導表語從句
例：That is what I want.
那正是我所要的。
(4) what 引導同位語從句
例：I have no idea what they are talking about.
我不知道他們正在談論什么。
7、too句型
(1) too ... to do ...
例：Politics is too important to be left to the politicians.(=Politics is so important that it can't be left to the politicians.)
政治太重要了，不能由政治家來決定。
(2) only too ... to do ...
例：I shall be only too pleased to get home.
我要回到家里就非常高興。
(3) too + adj + for sth
例：These shoes are much too small for me.
我穿這雙鞋太小了。
(4) too + adj + a + n.
例：This is too difficult a text for me. 這課文對我來說太難了。
(5) can't … too +形容詞 無論……也不為過
例：We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much.
我們再怎么強調(diào)保護眼睛的重要性也不為過。
8、where 句型
(1) where 引導的定語從句
例：This is the house where he lived last year.
這就是他去年住過的房子。
(2) where 引導的狀語從句
例：Where there is a will，there is a way.
有志者事竟成。
He left his key where he could find.
他將鑰匙放在易找到的地方。
I will go where I want to go.
我要去我想去的地方。
(3) where 引導的表語從句
例：This is where you are wrong.
這正是你錯的地方。
9、wish 句型
(1) wish that sb did sth 希望某人現(xiàn)在做某事
例：I wish I were as strong as you.
我希望和你一樣強壯。
(2) wish that sb had done sth 希望某人過去做某事
例：I wish you had told me earlier
要是你早點告訴我就好了。
(3) wish that sb would/could do sth 希望某人將來做某事
例：I wish you would succeed this time.
我希望你這次會成功。
10、would rather 句型
(1) would rather do sth than do sth 寧愿做……而不愿做……
例：She would rather die than turn against his motherland.
她寧可死也不去背叛祖國。
(2) would rather have done sth 寧愿過去做過某事
例：I would rather have taken his advice.
我寧愿過去接受他的意見。
(3) would rather sb had done sth 寧愿某人過去做過某事
例：I would rather I had passed the examination last week.
我真希望通過上星期的考試。
(4) would rather sb did sth 寧愿某人現(xiàn)在或?qū)碜瞿呈?/p>
例：Who would you rather went with you?
你寧愿誰和你一起去?
11、before 句型
(1) before sb can/ could … 某人還沒來得及……
例：Before I could get in a word ，he had measured me.
我還沒來得及插話，他就給我量好了尺寸。
(2) It will be +時間+ before + 還有多長時間……
例：It will be 4 years before he graduates.
他還有四年時間變畢業(yè)了。
(3) had done some time before (才……)
例：We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land.
我們航行了四天四夜才見到陸地。
(4) had not done ... before ... 不到……就……
例：We hadn’t run a mile before he felt tired.
我們還沒走到一英里路就覺得累了。
(5) It was not +一段時間+ before 不多久就……
例：It wasn’t two years before he left the country.
還沒到兩年他們離開了那國家。
12、強調(diào)句型
(1) It is /was +被強調(diào)部分+that(who)...
例：It was I who wrote to my uncle yesterday.
是我昨天給我叔叔寫信的。
(2) Is/was it + 被強調(diào)部分 + that (who) ...
例：Was it your brother that you met in the street?
在街上你遇見的是你兄弟嗎?
(3) Where/who/what/how等特殊疑問詞 + is/was it that ...
例：How is it that you will go to visit her tomorrow?
明天你究竟怎樣去看望她?
(4) do/does/did +謂語動詞 (強調(diào)謂語)
例：They do know the place well.
他們的確很熟悉那個地方。
13、用于表示過去未實現(xiàn)的希望和計劃
(1)would like to/ would love to have done sth.
例：I would like to have written to you.
我本想給你寫信的。
(2) was / were going to do sth.(用過去將來時態(tài)表示原打算做什么)
例：Lucy was going to watch a basketball match.
Lucy 原打算看一場籃球比賽。
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