常用的英語短語的詳細講解
1.to get on : (to enter, board)
【說明：】to get on(搭乘，上車)動詞get的用法很多，常常在后面接用各種不同的介系詞或副詞而形成意義不同的習語。這里的on是介系詞，后面的bus和subway用作它的受詞。如果on作副詞用，則有進步，相處甚好，與年事已長的意思。
【例：】
(1) I always get on the bus at 34th Street.
我總是在34街搭乘公共汽車。
(2) William gets on the subway at the same station every morning.
威廉每天早晨在同一車站搭乘地下火車。
2.to get off : (to leave, descend from)
說明：】to get off (下車)與上面的get on相反。Get off也有好些其它的意義，如寄出，離開等。下車也可以用alight from或get out of a carriage或motor car,不過下電車或公共汽車多用get off .
【例：】
(1) Helen got off the bus at 42nd Street.
海倫在42街下公共汽車。
(2) At what station do you usually get off the subway
你通常在那一站下地下火車
3.to put on: (to place on oneself-said particularly of clothes)
【說明：】
to put on (穿，戴)特別指穿衣服、穿鞋、戴帽、戴眼鏡也用這個成語。英文中還有wear和dress二字也是穿的意思�？墒莣ear是繼續(xù)的動作，表示穿著的狀態(tài)，而put on是一時的動作。下面兩個句子都是錯的：
I shall wear my overcoat before I go out (應用put on). In such cold weather I put on my overcoat all day (應用wear).dress的意思是
�、賞ut clothes on后面的受詞一定是人，如dress a child, dress oneself, be dressed in white,
�、趐ut on clothes, vk Get up and dress quickly. (快點起來穿好衣服。)
【例：】
(1) Mary put on her hat and left the room.
瑪麗戴上她的帽子就離開這屋子。
(2) Why is John putting on his hat and coat
約翰為什么穿衣戴帽呢
4.to take off : (to remove-said also of clothes)
【說明：】to take off (脫去)與put on的意義相反，指脫去衣物鞋帽.民可以用put off,但較不通用。
【例：】
(1) John took off his hat as he entered the room.
約翰在這屋時脫下他的帽子。
(2) Is Helen taking off her coat because it is too warm in the room
海倫是不是因為室內(nèi)太暖和而脫去她的外衣呢
5.to call up: (to telephone)
【說明：】to call up (打電話給)后面一定要有受詞，也就是接電話的.人。如果受詞是代名詞的話，常插在call與up之間。
【例：】
(1) I forgot to call up Mr. Jones yesterday although I promised to call him up exactly at three oclock.
我昨天忘記打電話給鐘斯先生，雖然我答應了在三點鐘的時候打電話給他的。
(2) Did anyone call me up while I was out
我出去的時候有人打電話來找我嗎
6.to turn on : (to start, begin)
【說明：】to turn on (扭開，打開)指扭開電燈，電爐，電扇，煤氣等的按鈕或開關(guān)，以及自來水的水龍頭等而言。開電燈也可以用put on the light.
【例：】
(1) Please turn on the light. This room is dark.
請你扭開電燈，這房間太黑暗了。
(2) Someone turned on the radiator in this room while we were out.
我們外出時，有人把房內(nèi)的電爐扭開了。
7.to turn off : (to stop, terminate extinguish)
【說明：】
to turn off (關(guān)閉，停止)指扭熄電燈，關(guān)閉無線電、自來水等。關(guān)燈也可以用put out the light.
【例：】
(1) Please turn off the light. We do not need it now.
請把電燈關(guān)了，我們現(xiàn)在不需要它。
(2) Shall I turn off the radio or are you still listening to it
我可以把收音機關(guān)掉嗎，你是不是還要收聽呢
8.right away : (immediately, at once, very soon)
【說明：】right away (立刻，馬上)為美國口頭語，沒有immediately與at once正式，系一副詞片語，與right now (exactly now )的意思相仿。
【例：】
(1) She says that dinner will be ready right away.
她說晚餐馬上就準備好了。
(2) Can William come to my office right away
威廉能夠立刻就到我的辦公室來嗎
9.to pick up : (to take-especially with fingers)
【說明：】to pick up (拾起，揀起)尤指用手指把東西拿起業(yè)而言。To pick up還有很多其它的用法。如
�、僮屓舜畋丬嚕�
The motorist picked up a couple of servicemen along the highway
(這個乘汽車的人在公路上讓兩個軍人搭乘便車。)
�、诼爼匀粚W會，(言語，游戲等)：
He never studied French; what he knows he picked up while living in France.
(他從來沒有學過法文;他所知道的是他住在法國的時候聽會的。)
�、圩阶�，逮捕，萍水相逢便行訂交，選出：
I picked up London lastnight.
(昨晚我在無線電聽到了倫敦的播音。)
【例：】
(1) John Picked up the newspaper which was on his desk.
約翰把書桌上的報紙拿了起來。
(2) Why didnt you pick up that pencil which lay on the floor
你為什么不把地板上的那枝鉛筆拾起來呢
10.at once: (immediately, very soon, right away)
【說明：】
at once (立刻，馬上)為一級通用的副詞片語，也可以作為同時(simultaneously)解，如
This book is at once interesting and instructive.
(此書既有趣又有益。)
【例：】
(1) He asked me to come to his office at once.
他請我立刻就到他的辦公室去。
(2) I want you to send this telegram at once.
我希望你馬上把這電報發(fā)出去。
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