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2016下半年公共英語(yǔ)pet三級(jí)考前沖刺試題及答案
完形填空
Impatience characterizes young intellectual workers.They want to make their mark(31) ___.So it’s important to get(32) ___to them in a challenging manner the idea(33) ___big achievements rarely come easily and quickly.Point out that the little successes are essential.Show that they(34) ___turn become the foundation on(35) ___reputations are built and from which mole important tasks can be accomphished.
A variety of job assignments，including job Or project rotation，also keep a job(36) ___becoming dull.Whereas it’s natural for some individuals to want to move ahead immediately to more difficult assignments，(37) ___proper guidance they call continue to learn and to gain versatility by working on a number of jobs that are essentially(38)——the same complexity.This way they gain breadth，if not depth.www.examw.com
Probably the greatest offense to guard(39) ___when dealing with younger specialists is to reject ideas out of hand.You must listen--and listen objectively～to their suggestions.Avoid(40)——0vercritical.You want to nurture an inquiring mind with a fresh approach. You’ll frustrate it quickly if you revert too often(41) ___“We’ve tried that before and it won’t(42) ___here.”
One sure way to disenchant(43) ___college graduates is flagrantly misusing their talents.Expect them to do some routine work，of course.But don’t make their(44) ___work just one long series of errands.This in—eludes such break—in assignments(45) ___performing routine calculations，digging up(46) ___material，(47) ___0perating reproduction equipment.One large manufacturing company recently interviewed a number of(48) ___engineers who had left them.The company found that the overwhelming complaint was that the company not only did not offer work that(49) ___challenging but also expected(50) ___too little from them in the way of performance.
答案解析：
參考譯文
不耐心是年輕的腦力工作者的特點(diǎn)。他們希望快速成名。因此，給他們講清巨大的成功不會(huì)輕而易舉、快速地到來(lái)很重要。要指出小的成功至關(guān)重要。要跟他們講明這些小成功會(huì)反過(guò)來(lái)成為建立聲譽(yù)的基礎(chǔ)，從這些小成功開始才能完成更加重要的任務(wù)。多種多樣的工作任務(wù)，包括工作或項(xiàng)目輪換也會(huì)防止工作變得乏味。但是，有些人很自然地希望立刻去完成更為艱難的任務(wù)，在適當(dāng)?shù)闹笇?dǎo)下，他們可以繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)，繼續(xù)通過(guò)干許多一樣復(fù)雜的工作而獲得多樣性。這樣他們就能有廣度的收獲，如果不是深度上的。也許，在與年輕的專業(yè)人士打交道時(shí)最應(yīng)該防范的就是馬上駁斥其想法。你必須聆聽一客觀地聆聽他們的建議。避免過(guò)分挑剔。你希望用新的途徑培養(yǎng)一個(gè)好問(wèn)的頭腦。如果你經(jīng)常提到“我們以前已經(jīng)試著這樣做了.但是不管用”就會(huì)很快地挫傷這種好問(wèn)的頭腦。使年輕的大學(xué)畢業(yè)生們清醒過(guò)來(lái)的一種妙招就是公然濫用他們的才能。當(dāng)然要想到他們會(huì)做一些慣常的工作，但是不要使他們的日常工作僅僅成為一長(zhǎng)串令人煩躁的差使，這包括一些像執(zhí)行常規(guī)計(jì)算、挖掘參考材料、操作再生產(chǎn)設(shè)備等等實(shí)習(xí)期任務(wù)。一家大型制造公司最近采訪了許多有前途的工程師，這些工程師都已離開這家公司。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)絕大多數(shù)人抱怨公司提供的工作不但沒(méi)有挑戰(zhàn)性，而且對(duì)于他們的表現(xiàn)期望也非常低。
答案及解析
31.fast 【解析】由上一句句意“不耐心代表了年輕的腦力工作者們的特點(diǎn)。”可知，本句“他們想…成名”中的空處應(yīng)填“快速地”。
32.across 【解析】9et across意為“使(觀點(diǎn)等)被理解或接受，講清自己的意思”，此句意為“給他們講清巨大的成功不會(huì)輕易、快速地到來(lái)很重要。”
33.that 【解析】參見32題解析，idea與big achievements rarely come easily and quickly是同位語(yǔ)，故此空應(yīng)填that，引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。
34.in 【解析】in turn意為“轉(zhuǎn)而，反過(guò)來(lái)”，此旬意為“給他們講明這些小成功成為建立聲譽(yù)的基礎(chǔ)，而且從這些小成功開始更重要的任務(wù)才能被完成。”。
35.which 【解析】“聲譽(yù)建立的基礎(chǔ)”英語(yǔ)表達(dá)為“the foundation on which reputations ale built”，which指代foundations。
36.from 【解析】keep sth.from doing sth.意為“防止某事…”，為固定短語(yǔ)。
37.under 【解析】under guidance意為“在…指導(dǎo)下”，為固定短語(yǔ)。
38.of 【解析】be of the same...意為“是一樣…”，此句意為“…在正確的指導(dǎo)下，他們能繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)，繼續(xù)通過(guò)干許多一樣復(fù)雜的工作而獲得多樣性。”
39.against 【解析】guard against意為“防止，防范，警惕”，為固定短語(yǔ)，against也可以省略。
40.being 【解析】avoid doing sth.意為“避免…”，avoid后必須跟名詞或動(dòng)名詞。be overcritical意為“過(guò)分挑剔的”。
41.to 【解析】revert to意為“重想，重提”，此句意為“如果你經(jīng)常提到‘我們以前已經(jīng)試著這樣做了，但是不管用’就會(huì)很快地挫傷這種好問(wèn)的頭腦”。中華考試網(wǎng)
42.work 【解析】本句意為“我們以前已經(jīng)嘗試過(guò)，但是不…。”顯然，此空處應(yīng)填“奏效，起作用”，英語(yǔ)中表達(dá)這一含義最地道的詞就是work。
43.young 【解析】本文均是在講年輕的腦力工作者，故此空所應(yīng)填的用于修飾“college graduates”的詞也應(yīng)是“年輕的”。
44.daily 【解析】此句意為“但是不要使他們的…工作僅僅成為一長(zhǎng)串令人心煩的差使。”顯然，此空應(yīng)填“每日的，日常的”。
45.as 【解析】such…as意為“這樣的…如”。此空后為并列的三個(gè)分詞短語(yǔ)，即“如”后跟的例舉事項(xiàng)。
46.reference 【解析】這三個(gè)分詞短語(yǔ)意為“執(zhí)行日常運(yùn)算、挖掘…材料、操作再生產(chǎn)設(shè)備”。顯然，“參考材料”最合適。
47.and 【解析】這三個(gè)分詞短語(yǔ)是并列的，故中間的連詞只能用and。
48.promising 【解析】此旬意為“一家大制造公司最近采訪了許多…的工程師，這些工程師都已離開這家公司。”由上下句判斷，此空處填“有希望的，有前景的”最合句意。
49.was 【解析】此空顯然應(yīng)是句子的謂語(yǔ)成分，應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式。
50.far 【解析】可用于修飾“too little”的只能是far，意為“太少，特別少”。
翻譯題
由于生意方面的事，羅賓遜先生得出趟門。因?yàn)橛悬c(diǎn)緊急，他決定坐飛機(jī)。乘機(jī)旅行時(shí)，他喜歡靠窗坐，故而一登機(jī)，他就尋找一個(gè)靠窗的座位。他發(fā)現(xiàn)只有一個(gè)靠窗的座位還空著。在那空座位邊坐著一名士兵。令羅賓遜先生納悶的是，這位士兵沒(méi)有坐靠窗的位置。羅賓遜先生不管那些，他馬上徑直朝那個(gè)空座位走去。
然而，等到了那兒，他看見座位上有則啟事，是用鋼筆寫的：“為保持裝載平衡，特預(yù)設(shè)該位置，謝謝合作。”羅賓遜先生還從來(lái)沒(méi)有在飛機(jī)上見過(guò)如此不同尋常的啟事。不過(guò)，他想飛機(jī)上一定裝了什么特別重的物品，于是他找了個(gè)不靠窗的位置。
又有兩三個(gè)乘客試圖坐在那個(gè)士兵旁的靠窗座位上，他們看到那則啟事就走開了。當(dāng)快滿座時(shí)，一位非常美麗的姑娘匆匆走進(jìn)機(jī)艙。一直在注意進(jìn)艙旅客的那個(gè)士兵趕緊拿掉他旁邊空座位上的啟事。士兵用這種辦法，成功地找到了一位姑娘一路作伴。
A Soldier's Brilliant Idea
Mr. Robinson had to travel somewhere on business, and as he was in a hurry, he decided to go by air. He liked sitting beside a window when he was flying, so when he got on to the plane, he looked for a window seat. He found all of them had already had been taken except for one. There was a soldier sitting in the seat beside this one, and Mr. Robinson was surprised that he had not taken the one by the window; but, anyhow, he at once went towards it.
When he reached it, however, he saw that there was a notice on it. It was written in ink and said, "This seat is preserved for proper load balance, thank you." Mr Robinson had never seen such an unusual notice in a plane before, but he thought that the plane must be carrying something particularly heavy in it, so he walked on and found another empty seat, not beside a window, to sit in.
Two or three people tried to sit in the window seat beside the soldier, the notice and went on, when the plane was nearly full, a very beautiful girl hurried into the plane. The soldier, who was watching the passengers coming in, quickly took the notice off the seat beside himself and in this way succeededin having the company of the girl during the whole trip.
句型1：It is estimated that/It is observed that/It is reported that時(shí)，被動(dòng)可在中文中處理為“據(jù)估計(jì)”(據(jù)報(bào)道/據(jù)發(fā)現(xiàn))比“被估計(jì)”要自然一些，這種句型中that后面的敘述才是信息點(diǎn)(尤其是在段落首句的時(shí)候)
例：It is observed that although our knowledge greatly exceeds that of our previous ages， there is no corresponding increasing in our wisdom.
譯：據(jù)觀察，雖然我們的知識(shí)遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)前一代，在智慧上卻沒(méi)有相應(yīng)的增長(zhǎng)。
句型2：Something is done句型，is是虛詞，只有有限的字面意思，在文字上是不翻譯的，俗稱被動(dòng)不走“被”字。
例：When people are mentally engaged， great chemical changes would take place in some cognitive areas.
譯：當(dāng)人們用腦的時(shí)候，在某些認(rèn)知區(qū)域中就會(huì)發(fā)生巨大的化學(xué)變化。
句型3：It is done在主語(yǔ)模糊化。英語(yǔ)在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)上，不習(xí)慣用虛擬的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行人，因此中文表達(dá)時(shí)，“我們認(rèn)為”，“有人說(shuō)”，“據(jù)說(shuō)”等在英語(yǔ)中就都是被動(dòng)了。
例：It is established that when people are mentally engaged， great chemical changes will take place in such cognitive areas as memory and focus ability.
譯：我們確信，當(dāng)人們用腦時(shí)沒(méi)，在記憶力和注意力等認(rèn)知區(qū)域中就會(huì)發(fā)生巨大的化學(xué)變化。
總結(jié)：被動(dòng)不是閱讀中最難的語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)，但是如果不注意被動(dòng)的語(yǔ)言表達(dá)，頭腦中反映的中文往往變得怪異，閱讀速度自然就不會(huì)快。應(yīng)掌握被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的語(yǔ)言表達(dá)。
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