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2017全國英語等級考試pets4級閱讀B練習(xí)題
PETS第四級是PETS考試五個級別中的中上級，相當(dāng)于我國非英語專業(yè)本科大學(xué)畢業(yè)生的水平，比我國現(xiàn)行的大學(xué)英語四、六級考試的六級的難度略高。以下是yjbys網(wǎng)小編整理的關(guān)于全國英語等級考試pets4級閱讀B練習(xí)題，供大家備考。
Part B
Read the following three texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A] ,[B] ,[C] or[D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET.
Text 1
Since the dawn of human ingenuity, people have devised ever more cunning tools to cope with work that is dangerous, boring, burdensome, or just plain nasty. That compulsion has resulted in robotics the science of conferring various human capabilities on machines. And if scientists have yet to create the mechanical version of science fiction, they have begun to come close.
As a result, the modern world is increasingly populated by intelligent gizmos whose presence we barely notice but whose universal existence has removed much human labor. Our factories hum to the rhythm of robot assembly arms. Our banking is done at automated teller terminals that thank us with mechanical politeness for the transaction. Our subway trains are controlled by tireless robot drivers. And thanks to the continual miniaturization of electronics and micromechanics, there are
already robot systems that can perform some kinds of brain and bone surgery with submillimeter accuracy-far greater precision than highly skilled physicians can achieve with their hands alone.
But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility, they will have to operate with less human su'pervision and be able to make at least a few decisions for themselves--goals that pose a real challenge. "While we know how to tell a robot to handle a specific error, " says Dave Lavery, manager of a robotics program at NASA, "we can't yet give a robot enough 'common sense' to reliably interact with a dynamic world. "
Indeed the quest for true artificial intelligence has produced very mixed results. Despite a spell of initial optimism in the 1960s and 1970s when it appeared that transistor circuits and microprocessors might be able to copy the action of .the human brain by the year 2010, researchers lately have begun to extend that forecast by decades if not centuries.
What they found, in attempting to model thought, is that the human brain' s roughly one hundred billion nerve cells are much more talented--and human perception far more complicated—than previously imagined. They have built robots that can recognize the error of a machine panel by a fraction of a millimeter in a controlled factory environment. But the human mind can glimpse a rapidly changing scene and immediately disregard the 98 percent that is irrelevant, instantaneously focusing on the monkey at the side of a winding forest road or the single suspicious face in a big crowd. The most advanced computer systems on Earth can' t approach that kind of ability, and neuroscientists still don't know quite how we do it.
36. Human ingenuity was initially demonstrated in
A. the use of machines to produce science fiction
B. the wide use of machines in manufacturing industry
C.the invention of tools for difficult and dangerous work
D. the elite' s cunning tackling of dangerous and boring work
37. The word "gizmos" ( Line 1, Paragraph 2 ) most probably means
A. programs
B. experts
C. devices
D. creatures
38. According to the text, what is beyond man' s ability now is to design a robot that can
A. fulfill delicate tasks like performing brain surgery
B. interact with human beings verbally
C. have a little common sense
D. respond independently to a changing world
39. Besides reducing human labor, robots can also
A. make a few decisions for themselves
B. deal with some errors with human intervention
C. improve factory environments
D. cultivate human creativity
40. The author uses the example of a monkey to argue that robots are
A. expected to copy human brain in internal structure
B. able to perceive abnormalities immediately
C. far less able than human brain in focusing on relevant information
D. best used in a controlled environment
Text 2
Education is primarily the responsibility of the states. State constitutions set up certain standards and rules for the establishment of school. State laws require children to go to school until they reach a certain age. The actual control of the schools, however, is usually a local matter.
The control of the schools does not usually come directly from the local government. In each of the three types of city government, public schools are generally quite separate and independent.
They cooperate with local officials but are not dominated by the municipal government. Most Americans believe that schools should be free of political pressures. They believe that the separate control of the school systems preserves such freedom.
Public schools are usually maintained by school districts. The state often sets the district boundaries. Sometimes the school district has the same boundaries as the city. Sometimes it is larger than the city.
In the South, county boards of education members are elected. In some places they are appointed by the mayor or city council. The state legislature decides which method should be used.
Most district boards of education try to give all pupils a chance to get a good education. A good education prepares a person to live a better life. It helps him to become a better citizen.
Nearly all states give financial aid to local school districts. State departments of education offer other kinds of aid. States offer help with such things as program planning and the school districts.
The federal government also helps. The National Defense Education Act allows school districts to get financial aid for certain purposes. The Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 added many other kinds of financial help. But neither the state nor the federal government dictates school policy. This is determined by local school boards.
41. Which of the following law is related to education?
A. The National Defense Education Act.
B. The Elementary and Secondary Education Act.
C. The Independence Act.
D. Both A and B.
42. How did the state control education?
A. By setting up certain standard and rules.
B. By requesting the children to go to schools until they are of certain age.
C. Either A or B.
D. Both A and B.
43. How did they preserve the freedom of the schools from political pressure?
A. By uniting all the schools into a union.
B. By having the federal administration.
C. By having separate and independent control.
D. By cooperating with the state government.
44. People favor the independence of school for the reason that
A. people believe that it will ensure the existence of freedom
B. people believe that it will deprive the school of the financial aid
C. local government can rid itself from the financial burden
D. state government is not willing to exert its effort on it
45. The school district is likely to be all of the following EXCEPT
A. larger than city district
B. larger than the state district
C. the same as the city district
D. Both A and C
參考答案：
Part B
Text l .
閱讀賞析
本文首先講述了人們一直以來在制造越來越精巧的工具方面所作出的努力。這一努力的結(jié)果是各個領(lǐng)域的機械化。從世界上看來，智能機器已經(jīng)廣泛用于工廠、銀行、地鐵、醫(yī)療等行業(yè)。為了更多地節(jié)省勞力，科學(xué)家們預(yù)想讓機器模擬人的行為，甚至人的思維。但這一預(yù)想在近些年是難以實現(xiàn)的。
答案及解析
36.C
【命題目的】此題考查考生對文首細節(jié)的捕捉。
【解題要點】解題的關(guān)鍵在于準確理解第一句話的含義，句中并沒有強調(diào)the elite精英人才，只提到“people have devised cunning tools”， 因此排除選項D精英人才機智地應(yīng)付危險和枯燥的工作，而A、B兩 項都不符合題中initially最初、最早這一要求，故選C。
37.C
【命題目的】此題考查考生依據(jù)上下文推測詞義的能力。
【解題要點】本題要判斷gizmos這一單詞的含義，由第一段提到ro-botics，而“conferring human capabilities oll machines”與修飾gizmos的 定語從句中remove，much human labor相照應(yīng)，聯(lián)系上下文句意，giz-mos應(yīng)該是與機器人有關(guān)，因此排除A、B、D，選c。
38.D
【命題目的】此題考查對文章細節(jié)的捕捉。
【解題要點】A強調(diào)“fulfill delicate tasks”，第二段最后一句指出，已經(jīng) 有機器人系統(tǒng)，能完成某些大腦或骨科外科手術(shù)，因此排除A;B強 調(diào)與人進行言語上的交流，第二段第三句則指出“automated teller ter-minals”可以“thank US with mechanical politeness”，因此8亦被排除; C強調(diào)“have a little common sense”，從第三段Dave Lavery的話可以 看出，機器人不是沒有common sense，而是沒有enough common sense，排除C;只有D符合第三段原意，機器人尚不能“reliably inter-act with a dynamic world”。
39.B
【命題目的】此題考查對文章細節(jié)的捕捉。
【解題要點】由第三段第一句可以看出，機器人尚不能“make at least a few decisions for themselves”，故排除A自己作一些決定。C、D在文 中根本沒有出現(xiàn)這樣的字眼，可不予考慮，而在第三段中，由“We know how to tell a robot to handle a specific error”可得出8項正確。40.C
【命題目的】此題考查對細節(jié)進行推理的能力。
【解題要點】本題monkey一詞出現(xiàn)在第五段第三句，由“the human mind Can…immediately disregard the 98%that is irrelevant.Instantane-ously focusing on the monkey…”，可看出，這里談的是人腦能迅速捕捉相關(guān)信息，而忽略無關(guān)信息，由第四句“the most advanced computer systems on Earth Can’t approach that kind of ability”，可知，最先進的計算機系統(tǒng)都不能有這樣的能力，故選C。A、B、D三項都與此例無關(guān)，可排除。
Text 2
閱讀賞析
本文介紹了美國的教育制度。美國的教育主要是各州的任務(wù)，但事實上對學(xué)校的控制權(quán)仍在地方。美國人支持獨立辦學(xué)的精神，所以盡管學(xué)校受地方政府和地方官員領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，但有自己的獨立決策權(quán)。各州規(guī)定學(xué)校的區(qū)劃。在南方，各縣的教育董事會由選舉產(chǎn)生。一些地方則是由市長或市議會指定。絕大多數(shù)地區(qū)的教育董事會都盡力讓所有的孩子有機會上學(xué)，有改變自己命運的機會。各州都對當(dāng)?shù)匦^(qū)撥款，聯(lián)邦政府也有義務(wù)援助教育，國防教育法案和基礎(chǔ)教育法案都對此有所規(guī)定。
答案及解析
41.D
【命題目的】此題考查對文章信息的捕捉。
【解題要點】除獨立法案在文中沒提到，國防教育法及基礎(chǔ)和中等教育法在文中都提到過，所以，D項較全面地概括了答案。
42.D
【命題目的】此題考查文章細節(jié)。
【解題要點】參看短文第一段，A.B兩項，即“建立一定的標準和規(guī)則”和“要求孩子在一定年齡前必須上學(xué)”，在文中都提到過。
43.C
【命題目的】本題考查對細節(jié)的捕捉和對文章整體的把握。
【解題要點】參看第二段最后一句，“他們相信學(xué)校系統(tǒng)的獨立控制會保持這種自由”，與C項符合。而且，全文都貫徹一種主張學(xué)校獨立自主的精神。
44.A
【命題目的】本題考查推理能力。
【解題要點】文章一開始就提到“辦學(xué)自由，不受政治影響”，所以可推知人們支持學(xué)校獨立是因為認為這樣可以保證其自由。
45.B
【命題目的】本題考查對細節(jié)的捕捉。
【解題要點】第三段中第三、四句提到“學(xué)校區(qū)劃有時和城市的邊界相同，有時甚至比城市的邊界還大”，所以A項和C項都有可能。所以也排除D項。即使從常識推斷，也可判斷8項是不正確的，因為州向?qū)W校撥款，后者不可能比前者大，所以8項不正確。無論用排除法還是正面推理法，都可得出答案是B。
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