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2017年英語等級考試閱讀理解二級考試題
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閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中，選出最佳答案，并在答題卡l上將該項涂黑。
We all believed that words of a language evolve (進化) gradually over the centuries, rather as animals and plants evolve over millions of year. Sometimes the change is so slight as to be almost unnoticeable-finger, for example, means the same today as it did 1, 000 years ago. Other words have changed out of all recognition. For example, modern English “lord”, a person with high social positions, comes from Old English “hlaford”. It used to mean “guardian of the bread”, a person who protects the bread. But not all word meanings change like this. Just as new and different types of animals and plants can be reproduced, we can call completely new words into being.
Anyone can make a word. The difficult part is to make it stay in the language. To stand the best chance it should probably relate to a particular and fairly specialized subject. That cuts down the number of people who need to agree to use it. Chemists are often having to find expressions for new findings. Once that is achieved, there may be a chance for wider recognition if the expression comes to be of interest to the general public.
Ordinary people can make long-lasting words, though. In 1924, a competition (比賽) was held to make a word for a drinker of illegal liquor(非法出售的酒). A prize of US $200 was offered, and there were reportedly over 25, 000 suggestions. The winners were Henry Irving Dale and Kate L. Butler, who both came up with “scofflaw”. And that word exists in American English to this day, in the rather wider sense “someone who disobeys the law”.
1. What can we learn from the text?
A. It is the duty of specialists to make new words.
B. People are encouraged to make new words.
C. Words evolve faster than animals and plants.
D. New words are usually made by chemists.
2. New words are usually not accepted until they__________.
A. can express common ideas
B. are included in school subjects
C. are proved useful by scientists
D. gain public agreement
3. According to the text，making a new word is less difficult than.
A. determining how to pronounce it
B. having a new chemical product
C. organizing a competition
D. making it long.1asting
4. The underlined word “scofflaw” (1ine 4, para.3) originally meant the person who _________.
A. drinks illegally
B. wins prize for drinking liquor
C. disobeys the law
D. destroys illegal liquor
參考答案：
1. C 【解析】此題問的是我們可以從文中得到什么。通過閱讀全文，我們可以看到A,B,D文中并沒有提到。而文章的第一句話提到語言經(jīng)過幾個世紀就會發(fā)生變化，而動植物的進化卻需要幾百萬年，可見語言的演變速度要遠遠快于動植物，故C正確。
2. D 【解析】此題問的是直到什么時候新詞才被接受。第二段的最后一句話提到一旦新的發(fā)現(xiàn)引起大眾的興趣，就會得到廣泛的認同。此處的新發(fā)現(xiàn)指的.就是新詞，故D正確。
3. D 【解析】此題問的是制造一個新詞比什么簡單。文章第二段的第一、二句提到任何人都可以造新詞，難的是怎樣使它在語言中保留下來。可見制造新詞要比讓這個詞保留下來容易，故D正確。
4. A 【解析】此題問的是劃線詞scofflaw指的是哪種人。文章的最后一段講的是普通人創(chuàng)造新詞的內(nèi)容。本段的第一句話講到舉行了一場為飲用非法銷售酒的人的命名比賽，后面又提到某個人以“scofflaw”贏得了比賽，可見scofflaw的意思是“飲用非法銷售酒的人”，故A正確。
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