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2017公共英語五級閱讀文章
公共英語五級的難度比較大，考生比較難通過，也比較難取得理想的成績。因此，備考一定要認(rèn)真，下面是小編為大家整理的公共英語五級閱讀文章，歡迎閱讀。
公共英語五級閱讀文章一
Archaeology is a source of history, not just a humble auxiliary discipline. Archaeological data are historical documents in their own right, not mere illustrations to written texts. Just as much as any other historian, an archaeologist studies and tries to reconstitute the process that has created the human world in which we live —— and us ourselves in so far as we are each creatures of our age and social environment. Archaeological data are all changes in the material world resulting from human action or, more succinctly, the fossilized results of human behavior. The sum total of these constitutes what may be called the archaeological record. This record exhibits certain peculiarities and deficiencies the consequences of which produce a rather superficial contrast between archaeological history and the more familiar kind based upon written records.
Not all human behavior fossilizes. The words I utter and you hear as vibrations in the air are certainly human changes in the material world and may be of great historical significance. Yet they leave no sort of trace in the archaeological records unless they are captured by a dictaphone or written down by a clerk. The movement of troops on the battlefield may "change the course of history," but this is equally ephemeral from the archaeologist's standpoint. What is perhaps worse, most organic materials are perishable. Everything made of wood, hide, wool, linen, grass, hair, and similar materials will decay and vanish in dust in a few years or centuries, save under very exceptional conditions. In a relatively brief period the archaeological record is reduced to mere scraps of stone, bone, glass, metal, and earthenware. Still modern archaeology, by applying appropriate techniques and comparative methods, aided by a few lucky finds from peat-bogs, deserts, and frozen soils, is able to fill up a good deal of the gap.
考古學(xué)是歷史學(xué)的一個(gè)來源，而不是地位卑微的輔助學(xué)科。考古學(xué)資料本身也是一種 歷史文獻(xiàn)，而不僅僅是文字資料的例證。正象任何一位歷史學(xué)家那樣，考古學(xué)家研究調(diào)查并盡力去重構(gòu)一個(gè)過程。這個(gè)過程創(chuàng)造了我們生活的人類世界，也創(chuàng)造了我們自身，因?yàn)槲覀兌际俏覀兯幍臅r(shí)代和社會(huì)環(huán)境的產(chǎn)物�？脊艑W(xué)的資料就是人類行為所造成的物質(zhì)變化。更簡潔地說，是石化了的`人類行為。這些變化的總和構(gòu)成了我們所說的考古學(xué)記錄。這些記錄自有其獨(dú)特和不足之處，因而導(dǎo)致人們對考古歷史和更熟悉的文字記載歷史進(jìn)行相當(dāng)膚淺的對比。
并不是所有的人類行為都留下化石。我說的話，你通過空氣振動(dòng)聽見，這當(dāng)然是人類造成的物質(zhì)變化，也可能有重大的歷史意義，但這些話在考古學(xué)中未留下絲毫痕跡，除非有人用錄音機(jī)錄下來或文書把這些話寫了下來。戰(zhàn)場上軍隊(duì)的行動(dòng)可能"改變歷史的進(jìn)程"，但從考古學(xué)的觀點(diǎn)來看，這同樣是難以捕捉的;可能更糟的是，多數(shù)有機(jī)物質(zhì)會(huì)腐爛。任何由木頭、生皮、絨線、亞麻、草、毛發(fā)以及相似物質(zhì)做成的東西除非在一些非常特殊的條件下，幾年或幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以后，會(huì)在塵土中腐爛并消失。在短時(shí)期內(nèi)，能留下考古記錄的東西也都會(huì)退化為石頭、骨頭、玻璃、金屬和陶器的碎片。然而，現(xiàn)代的 考古學(xué)通過運(yùn)用適當(dāng)?shù)募夹g(shù)和比較的方法，在從泥炭、沙漠和凍土中所獲得的一些幸運(yùn)發(fā)現(xiàn)的輔助下，能夠填充這個(gè)空缺的很大部分。
公共英語五級閱讀文章二
For the last 82 years, Sweden's Nobel Academy has decided who will receive the Nobel Prize in Literature, thereby determining who will be elevated from the great and the near great to the immortal. But today the Academy is coming under heavy criticism both from the without and from within. Critics contend that the selection of the winners often has less to do with true writing ability than with the peculiar internal politics of the Academy and of Sweden itself. According to Ingmar , the cultural editor for one of the country's two major newspapers, the prize continues to represent "what people call a very Swedish exercise: reflecting Swedish tastes." The Academy has defended itself against such charges of provincialism in its selection by asserting that its physical distance from the great literary capitals of the world actually serves to protect the Academy from outside influences. This may well be true, but critics respond that this very distance may also be responsible for the Academy's inability to perceive accurately authentic trends in the literary world.Regardless of concerns over the selection process, however, it seems that the prize will continue to survive both as an indicator of the literature that we most highly praise, and as an elusive goal that writers seek. If for no other reason, the prize will continue to be desirable for the financial rewards that accompany it; not only is the cash prize itself considerable, but it also dramatically increases sales of an author's books.
過去的 82 年里，瑞典的諾貝爾委員會(huì)決定了誰將獲得諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)，因此也就決定了 誰將從偉大或近乎偉大榮升為不朽。 但在今天，該委員會(huì)卻遭到了評選委員會(huì)內(nèi)外的猛烈 批評。 批評者們爭論說："評選獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)邥r(shí)，起作用更大的不是真實(shí)的'寫作能力，而是該委員 會(huì)以及瑞典特有的內(nèi)部政治。 按照瑞典兩家主要報(bào)紙之一的文化版編輯 Ingmar 的說法，該文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)仍然是"人們所說的一種非常瑞典式的做為：反映瑞典口味".對于其評選 過程中目光短淺的指責(zé)，該委員會(huì)辯護(hù)說，該委員會(huì)與世界幾大文學(xué)之都相距遙遠(yuǎn)，實(shí)際上 使該委員會(huì)免受外來的干擾。 這也許是對的，但批評者們反駁說，也正因?yàn)橄嗑嗳绱诉b遠(yuǎn)， 該委員會(huì)才不能準(zhǔn)確地把握文學(xué)界的真正趨勢。盡管對評選程序存在著關(guān)注，該文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)將繼 續(xù)作為世人最為推崇的文學(xué)的標(biāo)志而存在，并將繼續(xù)是作家們難以達(dá)到卻又會(huì)不斷追逐的目 標(biāo)。 如果不考慮其他因素，而僅僅考慮與之俱來的經(jīng)濟(jì)利益，該獎(jiǎng)也將繼續(xù)為人所渴求： 這不僅因?yàn)樵摢?jiǎng)本身就是一筆可觀的現(xiàn)金收入，而且該獎(jiǎng)還將極大地增加一個(gè)作家的著作的 銷量。
公共英語五級閱讀文章三
In the late 1960's, many people in North America turned their attention to environmental problems, and new steel-and-glass skyscrapers were widely criticized. Ecologists pointed out that a cluster of tall buildings in a city often overburdens public transportation and parking lot capacities.
Skyscrapers are also lavish consumers, and wasters, of electric power. In one recent year, the addition of 17 million square feet of skyscraper office space in New York City raised the peak daily demand for electricity by 120, 000 kilowatts —— enough to supply the entire city of Albany, New York, for a day.
Glass-walled skyscrapers can be especially wasteful. The heat loss (or gain) through a wall of half-inch plate glass is more than ten times that through a typical masonry wall filled with insulation board. To lessen the strain on heating and air-conditioning equipment, builders of skyscrapers have begun to use double-glazed panels of glass, and reflective glasses coated with silver or gold mirror films that reduce glare as well as heat gain. However, mirror-walled skyscrapers raise the temperature of the surrounding air and affect neighboring buildings.
Skyscrapers put a severe strain on a city's sanitation facilities, too. If fully occupied, the two World Trade Center towers in New York City would alone generate 2.25 million gallons of raw sewage each year —— as much as a city the size of Stanford, Connecticut, which has a population of more than 109, 000.
60 年代后期，許多北美人把注意力轉(zhuǎn)向了環(huán)境問題，那些嶄新的玻璃鋼摩天大樓受到了廣泛的批評。生態(tài)學(xué)家指出，城市中密集的高層建筑經(jīng)常給公共交通與停車場的承載能力造成過重的負(fù)擔(dān)。
摩天大樓還是電能的過度消費(fèi)者與浪費(fèi)者。最近的某一年，紐約市摩天寫字樓 1，700 萬英尺辦公面積的增加使電能的最高日需求量提高了120，000 千瓦。這些電能足以供紐約的整個(gè)奧爾巴尼市使用一天。
玻璃表面的摩天大樓特別地浪費(fèi)。 通過半英寸的平板玻璃墻壁損失(或增加)的熱量是典型的加入絕緣板的石墻所允許的熱量損失(或 增加)的十倍以上。為了減輕取暖設(shè)備或空調(diào)設(shè)備的壓力，摩天大樓的建造者們已經(jīng)開始使用雙面上釉的玻璃鑲板和涂上了金色或銀色反光薄膜的反光玻璃，來減少強(qiáng)光照射和熱量的增加;但是，鏡面的摩天大樓會(huì)提高周圍空氣的溫度并會(huì)對附近的建筑物產(chǎn)生影響。
摩天大樓也對城市的衛(wèi)生設(shè)施造成了沉重的.壓力。單單紐約市的二個(gè)世界貿(mào)易中心大樓如果完全被占滿的話，每年就會(huì)產(chǎn)生2，250，000 加侖的污水。這相當(dāng)于康涅狄格州的斯坦福市這 樣大的城市一年所產(chǎn)生的污水量，而康州的斯坦福市擁有109，000 人口。
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