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2024年GMAT考試長閱讀理解練習(xí)題

　　在學(xué)習(xí)、工作中，我們或多或少都會接觸到練習(xí)題，學(xué)習(xí)需要做題，是因為這樣一方面可以了解你對知識點的掌握，熟練掌握知識點！同時做題還可以鞏固你對知識點的運用！什么樣的習(xí)題才能有效幫助到我們呢？以下是小編整理的2024年GMAT考試長閱讀理解練習(xí)題，歡迎大家借鑒與參考，希望對大家有所幫助。

2024年GMAT考試長閱讀理解練習(xí)題

　　GMAT考試長閱讀理解練習(xí)題 1

　　Recent years have brought minority-owned businesses in the United States unprecedented opportunities—as well as new and significant risks. Civil rights activists have long argued that one of the principal reasons why Blacks, Hispanics, and other minority groups have difficulty establishing themselves in business is that they lack access to the sizable orders and subcontracts that are generated by large companies. Now Congress, in apparent agreement, has required by law that businesses awarded federal contracts of more than $500,000 do their best to find minority subcontractors and record their efforts to do so on forms filed with the government. Indeed, some federal and local agencies have gone so far as to set specific percentage goals for apportioning parts of public works contracts to minority enterprises.

　　Corporate response appears to have been substantial. According to figures collected in 1977, the total of corporate contracts with minority businesses rose from $77 million in 1972 to $1.1 billion in 1977. The projected total of corporate contracts with minority businesses for the early 1980’s is estimated to be over 53 billion per year with no letup anticipated in the next decade. Promising as it is for minority businesses, this increased patronage poses dangers for them, too. First, minority firms risk expanding too fast and overextending themselves financially, since most are small concerns and, unlike large businesses, they often need to make substantial investments in new plants, staff, equipment, and the like in order to perform work subcontracted to them. If, thereafter, their subcontracts are for some reason reduced, such firms can face potentially crippling fixed expenses. The world of corporate purchasing can be frustrating for small entrepreneurs who get requests for elaborate formal estimates and bids. Both consume valuable time and resources, and a small company’s efforts must soon result in orders, or both the morale and the financial health of the business will suffer.

　　A second risk is that White-owned companies may seek to cash in on the increasing apportionments through formation of joint ventures with minority-owned concerns. Of course, in many instances there are legitimate reasons for joint ventures; clearly, White and minority enterprises can team up (team up: v.(使)結(jié)成一隊, 合作, 協(xié)作) to acquire business that neither could acquire alone. But civil rights groups and minority business owners have complained to Congress about minorities being set up as “fronts (a person, group, or thing used to mask the identity or true character or activity of the actual controlling agent)” with White backing, rather than being accepted as full partners in legitimate joint ventures.

　　Third, a minority enterprise that secures the business of one large corporate customer often runs the danger of becoming—and remaining—dependent. Even in the best of circumstances, fierce competition from larger, more established companies makes it difficult for small concerns to broaden their customer bases: when such firms have nearly guaranteed orders from a single corporate benefactor, they may truly have to struggle against complacency arising from their current success.

　　1. The primary purpose of the passage is to

　　(A) present a commonplace idea and its inaccuracies

　　(B) describe a situation and its potential drawbacks

　　(D) analyze a frequent source of disagreement

　　(E) explore the implications of a finding

　　2. The passage supplies information that would answer which of the following questions?

　　(A) What federal agencies have set percentage goals for the use of minority-owned businesses in public works contracts?

　　(B) To which government agencies must businesses awarded federal contracts report their efforts to find minority subcontractors?

　　(D) How many more minority-owned businesses were there in 1977 than in 1972?

　　(E) What is one set of conditions under which a small business might find itself financially overextended?

　　3. According to the passage, civil rights activists maintain that one disadvantage under which minority-owned businesses have traditionally had to labor (to suffer from some disadvantage or distress “l(fā)abor under a delusion”) is that they have

　　(A) been especially vulnerable to governmental mismanagement of the economy

　　(B) been denied bank loans at rates comparable to those afforded larger competitors

　　(D) not been able to advertise in those media that reach large numbers of potential customers

　　(E) not had adequate representation in the centers of government power

　　4. The passage suggests that the failure of a large business to have its bids for subcontracts result quickly in orders might cause it to

　　(A) experience frustration but not serious financial harm

　　(B) face potentially crippling fixed expenses

　　(D) increase its spending with minority subcontractors

　　(E) revise its procedure for making bids for federal contracts and subcontracts

　　5. The author implies that a minority-owned concern that does the greater part of its business with one large corporate customer should

　　(A) avoid competition with larger, more established concerns by not expanding

　　(B) concentrate on securing even more business from that corporation

　　(D) pass on some of the work to be done for the corporation to other minority-owned concerns

　　(E) use its influence with the corporation to promote subcontracting with other minority concerns

　　6. It can be inferred from the passage that, compared with the requirements of law, the percentage goals set by “some federal and local agencies” (lines 14-15) are

　　(A) more popular with large corporations

　　(B) more specific

　　(D) less expensive to enforce

　　(E) easier to comply with

　　7. Which of the following, if true, would most weaken the author’s assertion that, in the 1970’s, corporate response to federal requirements (lines 18-19) was substantial

　　(A) Corporate contracts with minority-owned businesses totaled $2 billion in 1979.

　　(B) Between 1970 and 1972, corporate contracts with minority-owned businesses declined by 25 percent.

　　(D) The estimate of corporate spending with minority-owned businesses in 1980 is approximately $10 million too high.

　　(E) The $1.1 billion represented the same percentage of total corporate spending in 1977 as did $77 million in 1972.

　　8. The author would most likely agree with which of the following statements about corporate response to working with minority subcontractors?

　　(A) Annoyed by the proliferation of “front” organizations, corporations are likely to reduce their efforts to work with minority-owned subcontractors in the near future.

　　(B) Although corporations showed considerable interest in working with minority businesses in the 1970’s, their aversion to government paperwork made them reluctant to pursue many government contracts.

　　(C) The significant response of corporations in the 1970’s is likely to be sustained and conceivably be increased throughout the 1980’s.

　　(D) Although corporations are eager to cooperate with minority-owned businesses, a shortage of capital in the 1970’s made substantial response impossible.

　　(E) The enormous corporate response has all but eliminated the dangers of over-expansion that used to plague small minority-owned businesses.

　　參考答案：BECA CBEC

　　GMAT考試長閱讀理解練習(xí)題 2

　　Biologists have advanced two theories to explain why schooling of fish occurs in so many fish species. Because schooling is particularly wide spread among species of small fish, both theories assume that schooling offers the advantage of some protection from predators.

　　Proponents of theory A dispute the assumption that a school of thousands of fish is highly visible. Experiments have shown that any fish can be seen, even in very clear water, only within a sphere of 200 meters in diameter. When fish are in a compact group, the sphere of visibility overlap. Thus, the chance of a predator finding the school is only slightly greater than the chance of the predator finding a single fish swimming alone. Schooling is advantageous to the individual fish because a predator’s chance of finding any particular fish swimming in the school is much smaller than its chance of finding at least one of the same group of fish if the fish were dispersed throughout an area.

　　However, critics of theory A point out that some fish form schools even in areas where predators are abundant and thus little possibility fo excaping detection exists. They argue that the school continues to be of value to its members even after detection. They advocate theory B, the “confusion effect,” which can be explained in two different ways.

　　Sometimes, proponents argue, predators simply cannot decide which fish to attack. This indecision supposedly results from a predator’s preference for striking prey that is distinct from the rest of the school in appearance. In many schools the fish are almost indentical in appearance, making it difficult for a predator to select one. The second explanation for the “confusion effect” has to do with the sensory confusion caused by a large number of prey moving around the predator. Even if the predator makes the decision to attack a particular fish, the movement of other prey in the school can be distracting. The predator’s difficulty can be compared to that of a tennis player trying to hit a tennis ball when two are approaching simultaneously.

　　1. According to the passage, theory B states that which of the following is a factor that enables a schooling fish to escape predators?

　　(A) The tendency of fish to form compact groups

　　(B) The movement of other fish within the school

　　(D) The ability of fish to hide behind one another in a school

　　(E) The great speed with which a school can disperse

　　2. According to the passage, both theory A and theory B have been developed to explain how

　　(A) fish hide from predators by forming schools

　　(B) forming schools functions to protect fish from predators

　　(D) small fish are able to make rapid decisions

　　(E) small fish are able to survive in an environment densely populated by large predators

　　3. According to one explanation of the “confusion effect”, a fish that swims in a school will have greater advantages for survival if it

　　(A) A tends to be visible for no more than 200 meters

　　(B) B stays near either the front or the rear of a school

　　(D) D is very similar in appearance to the other fish in the school

　　(E) E is medium-sized

　　4. The author is primarily concerned with

　　(A) discussing different theories

　　(B) analyzing different techniques

　　(D) defending two hypotheses

　　(E) revealing new evidence

　　這是一篇典型的GMAT閱讀多重解釋型的文章。

　　l 第一段清楚地告訴讀者文章接下來會對一些魚群居地現(xiàn)象給出兩種解釋。

　　l 第二段中，解釋A的支持者表達了他們的觀點，提出魚群居是為了減少個體被捕食者發(fā)現(xiàn)的機會。

　　l 第三段開頭轉(zhuǎn)折(However)之后，解釋A被反駁，進而提出解釋B，說群居的魚被捕食者發(fā)現(xiàn)之后依然能提高他們的存活率。

　　l 最后一段具體說了對解釋B的兩方面的具體解讀。

　　從整體框架上看，新文章和之前的解釋型文章相比變化不大，而在具體內(nèi)容上觀點與論證之間的結(jié)合更加緊密，文章的血肉更加充實，細節(jié)的出題點更多。

　　本文延續(xù)GMAT閱讀文章的一貫特點，在邏輯嚴密性上也有所提高。

　　本文后面一共跟4道題，前3道均為直接細節(jié)題，最后1道為主旨題。

　　第一題，問解釋B說哪個因素會幫助魚群擺脫捕食者，定位點很明確，是“解釋B”底下的細節(jié)，定位到最后一段。能回答問題的一共有兩點，第一點在“Sometimes”到34行“to select one”之間，說魚數(shù)量多導(dǎo)致捕食者難以決定究竟吃誰;第二點在“The second explanation”到文章結(jié)尾，說魚群中大量魚的運動會使捕食者分心而難以捕食成功。所以這兩點因素(數(shù)量多和魚群運動)都能夠正確回答這個問題。

　　A選項魚群形成牢固的'整體，文章中從未提及，屬于無中生有的內(nèi)容;

　　B選項說魚群中魚的運動，與原文中第二點相符;

　　C選項說捕食者偵測不到魚群，是文章中解釋A里面的內(nèi)容，張冠李戴;

　　D選項說魚躲在其他魚的身后，又是文中沒有提到的內(nèi)容;

　　E選項說魚群能高速分散，既是解釋A里的關(guān)鍵詞，由于A中原文事實相反，因此也不是正確選項

　　因此，正確答案為B

　　第二題，問解釋A和B的共同目的。第二段是解釋A，第四段是解釋B，第三段是兩者的區(qū)別，都不是定位點。只有第一段里有相關(guān)信息。第一段最后一句話說兩者都認為魚群對魚的個體提供保護，躲避捕食。5個選項中只有B選項符合要求。

　　A選項說藏起來不讓捕食者看見，只有解釋A有相關(guān)內(nèi)容，解釋B沒有;

　　B選項與原文之間就是原意改寫的關(guān)系;

　　C選項說魚的群居與其他保護措施不一樣，文中未提及;

　　D選項說小魚做決定快，亦屬于無中生有的內(nèi)容;

　　E選項小魚容易在捕食者密集的地方存活，文章依然沒有提到

　　因此，正確答案為B

　　第三題，問”confusion effect“，即解釋B，中所述，下列那種情況下一條魚有較高的存活率。定位點和第一題一樣，最后一段的兩個分點(同樣魚類的數(shù)量多和魚群劇烈運動)。五個選項中，A選項是解釋A的內(nèi)容，B、C、E都是文章里沒有提到的東西，只有D選項符合定位信息的要求。

　　因此，正確答案為D

　　第四題，問作者的寫作目的。

　　A選項說討論兩個理論，與原文事實相符;

　　B選項說分析兩種技術(shù)，文中沒有任何技術(shù);

　　C選項說為兩種假說辯護，解釋B沒有受到任何攻擊，更不需要辯護;

　　D選項說推翻既成觀念，核心態(tài)度為負，即否定了所有解釋，與文章事實不符;

　　E選項說提出新證據(jù)，文中不存在

　　因此，正確答案為A

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