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一、考試概述
本次考試的文章是三篇舊文章，難度中等。包含考古科學(xué)、生物科學(xué)以及商業(yè)三個領(lǐng)域的文章。
二、具體題目分析
Passage 1
題目：Ahead of the time
題號：舊題
參考文章：
Mammoth Kill
Mammoth is any species of the extinct genus Mammoths, proboscideans commonly equipped with long，curved tusks and in northern species, a covering of long hair. They lived from the Ptiocene epoch from around 5 million years ago，into the Hotocene at about 4，500 years ago，and were members of the family Elephantidae, which contains, along with mammoths, the two genera of modern elephants and their ancestors.
A
Like their modern relatives，mammoths were quite large. The largest known species reached heights in the region of 4m at the shoulder and weights up to 8 tonnes, while exceptionally large males may have exceeded 12 tonnes. However，most species of mammoth were only about as large as a modem. Asian elephant. Both sexes bore tusks. A first, small set appeared at about the age of six months and these were replaced at about 18 months by the permanent set. Growth of the permanent set was at a rate of about 1 to 6 inches per year. Based on studies of their close relatives, the modem elephants, mammoths probably had a gestation period of 22 months, resulting in a single calf being born. Their social structure was probably the same as that of African and Asian elephants, with females living in herds headed by a matriarch, whilst hulls lived solitary lives or formed loose groups after sexual maturity.
B
MEXICO CITY-Although it’s hard to imagine in this age of urban sprawl and auto mobiles. North America once belonged to mammoths，camels，ground sloths as large as cows, bear-size beavers and other formidable beasts. Somel 1,000 years ago，however, these large bodied mammals and others-about 70 species in all-disappeared. Their demise coincided roughly with the arrival of humans in the New World and dramatic climatic change-factors that have inspired several theories about the die-off. Yet despite decades of scientific investigation, the exact cause remains a mystery. Now new findings offer support to one of these controversial hypotheses: that human hunting drove this megafaunal menagerie (巨型動物獸群)to extinction. The overkill model emerged in the 1960s，when it was put forth by Paul S. Martin of the University of Arizona. Since then, critics have charged that no evidence exists to support the idea that the first Americans hunted to the extent necessary to cause these extinctions. But at the annual meeting of the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology in Mexico City last October, paleo ecologist John Alroy of the University of California at Santa Barbara argued that, in fact, hunting-driven extinction is not only plausible, it was unavoidable. He has determined, using a computer simulation that even a very modest amount of hunting would have wiped these animals out.
C
Assuming an initial human population of 100 people that grew no more than 2 percent annually, Alroy determined that if each band of, say, 50 people killed 15 to 20 large mammals a year, humans could have eliminated the animal populations within 1,000 years. Large mammals in particular would have been vulnerable to the pressure because they have longer gestation periods than smaller mammals and their young require extended care.
D
Not everyone agrees with Alroy’s assessment. For one, the results depend in part on population-size estimates for the extinct animals-figures that are not necessarily reliable. But a more specific criticism comes from mammologist Ross D. E. Mac Phee of the American Museum of Natural History in New York City, who points out that the relevant archaeological record contains barely a dozen examples of stone points embedded in mammoth bones (and none, its hould be noted, are known from other mega faunal remains)-hardly what one might expect if hunting drove these animals to extinction. Furthermore, some of these species had huge ranges the giant Jefferson's ground sloth’ for example, lived as far north as the Yukon and as far south as Mexico which would have made slaughtering them in numbers sufficient to cause their extinction rather implausible, he says.
E
MacPhee agrees that humans most likely brought about these extinctions (as well as others around the world that coincided with human arrival), but not directly. Rather he suggests that people may have introduced hyper lethal disease, perhaps through their dogs or hitchhiking vermin，which then spread wildly among the immunologically naive species of the New World. As in the overkill model, populations of large mammals would have a harder time recovering. Repeated outbreaks of a hyper disease could thus quickly drive them to the point of no return. So far Mac Phee does not have empirical evidence for the hyper disease hypothesis, and it won't be easy to come by: hyper lethal disease would kill far too quickly to leave its signature on the bones themselves. But he hopes that analyses of tissue and DNA from the last mammoths to perish will eventually reveal murderous microbes.
F
The third explanation for what brought on this North American extinction does not involve human, beings. Instead, its proponents blame the loss on the weather. The Pleistocene epoch witnessed considerable climatic instability, explains paleontologist Russell W. Graham of the Denver Museum of Nature and Science. As a result, certain habitats disappeared, and species that had once formed communities split apart. For some animals, this change brought opportunity. For much of the megafauna, however, the increasingly homogeneous environment left them with shrinking geographical ranges-a death sentence for large animals, which need large ranges. Although these creatures managed to maintain viable populations through most of the Pleistocene, the final major fluctuation-the so-called Younger Diyas event pushed them over the edge, Graham says. For his part, Alroy is convinced that human hunters demolished the titans of the Ice Age. The overkill model explains everything the disease and climate scenarios explain, he asserts, and makes accurate predictions about which species would eventually go extinct.“Personally，I’m a vegetarian,” he remarks, “and I find all of this kind of gross 一 bubelievable.”
Passage 2 ：
題目：Chinese Yellow Citrus Ant for Biological Control
題型：判斷題+配對題
題目：舊題
類似原文：
Chinese Yellow Citrus Ant for Biological Control
A
In 1476 , the farmers of Berne in Switzerland decided, according to this story, there was only one way to rid their fields of the cutworms(糖蛾)attacking their crops. They took the pests to court. The worms were tried, found guilty and excommunicated by the archbishop (大主教).In China, farmers had a more practical approach to pest control. Rather than rely on divine intervention (神學(xué)的調(diào)停),they put their faith in frogs, ducks and ants. Frogs and ducks were encouraged to snap up (吃下)the pests in the paddies (稻田)and the occasional plague of locusts (蝗蟲).But the notion of biological control began with an ant. More specifically, the story says，it started with the predatory yellow citrus (柑橘)ant Oecophylla smaragdina , which has been polishing off (打敗)pests in the orange groves of southern China for at least 1700 years. The yellow citrus ant (黃蟻)is a type of weaver ant, which binds leaves and twigs with silk to form a neat, tent-like nest. In the beginning, farmers made do with the odd ants’nest here and there. But it wasn’t long before growing demand led to the development of a thriving trade in nests and a new type of agriculture—ant fanning.
B Foran insect that bites, the yellow citrus ant is remarkably popular. Even byant standards, Oecophylla smaragdina is a fearsome predator. It’s big, runs fast and has a powerful nip—painful to humans but lethal to many of the insects that plague the orange groves of Guangdong and Guangxi in southern China. And for at least 17 centuries. Chinese orange growers have harnessed these six-legged killing machines to keep their fruit groves healthy and productive. The story explains that citrus fruits evolved in the Far East and the Chinese discovered the delights of their flesh early on. As the ancestral home of oranges, lemons and pomelos, China also has the greatest diversity of citrus pests. And the trees that produce the sweetest fruits，the mandarins—or kan—attract a host of plant-eating insects, from black ants and sap-sucking mealy bugs to leaf-devouring caterpillars (毛毛蟲). With so many enemies, fruit growers clearly had to have some way of protecting their orchards.
C
The West did not discover the Chinese orange growers' secret weapon until the early 20th century. At the time, Florida was suffering an epidemic of citrus canker (相橘潰瘍)and in 1915 Walter Swingle，a plant physiologist working for the US Department of Agriculture, was, the story says, sent to China in search of varieties of orange that were resistant to the disease. Swingle spentsome time studying the citrus orchards around Guangzhou, and there he came across the story of the cultivated ant. These ants, he was told, were “grown”by the people of a small village nearby who sold them to the orange growers by the nestful (—整窩的).
D
The earliest report of citrus ants at work among the orange trees appears in a book on tropical and subtropical botany written by His Han in AD 304. “The people of Chiao-Chih sell in their markets ants in bags of rush matting. The nests are like silk. The bags are all attached to twigs and leaves which, with the ants inside the nests, are for sale. The ants are reddish-yellow in colour, bigger than ordinary ants. In the south if the kan trees do not have this kind of ant, the fruits will all be damaged by many harmful insects, and not a single fruit will be perfect.
E
Initially, farmers relied on nests which they collected from the wild or bought in the market where trade in nests was brisk. ‘It is said that in the south orange trees which are free of ants will have wormy fruits. Therefore the people race to buy nests for their orange trees, ‘wrote Liu Hsun in Strange Things Noted in the South, written about AD 890. The business quickly became more sophisticate. From the 10th century, country people began to trap ants in artificial nests baited with fat. “Fruit growing families buy these ants from vendors who make a business of collecting and selling such creatures, “wrote Chuang Chi-Yu in 1130. “They trap them by filling hogs 'or sheep’s bladders with fat and placing them with the cavities open next to the ants 'nests. They wait until the ants have migrated into the bladders and take them away. This is known as ‘rearing orange ants’. “Fanners attached the bladders to their trees, and in time the ants spread to other trees and built new nests. By the 17th century, growers were building bamboo walkways between their trees to speed the colonization of their orchards. The ants ran along these narrow bridges from one tree to another and established nests “by the hundreds of thousands”.
F
Did it work? The orange growers clearly thought so. One authority, Chi TaChun，writing in 1700，stressed how important it was to keep the fruit trees free of insect pests, especially caterpillars. “It is essential to eliminate them so that the trees are not injured. But hand labour is not nearly as efficient as ant power...”Swingle was just as impressed. Yet despite this reports, many Western biologists were skeptical. In the West, the idea of using one insect to destroy another was new and highly controversial. The first breakthrough had come in 1888，when the infant orange industry in California had been saved from extinction by the Australian vedalia beetle. This beetle was the only thing that had made any inroad into the explosion of cottony cushion scale that was threatening to destroy the state’s citrus crops. But, as Swingle now knew，California’s “first，’was nothing of the sort. The Chinese had been expert in biocontrol for many centuries.
G
The story goes on to say that the long tradition of ants in the Chinese orchards only began to waver in the 1950s and 1960s with the introduction of powerful organic (I guess the authormeans chemical insecticides). Although most fruit growers switched to chemicals, a few hung onto their ants. Those who abandoned ants in favour of chemicals quickly became disillusioned (幻想破滅). As costs soared and pests began to develop resistance to the chemicals, growers began to revive the old ant patrols. They had good reason to have faith in their insect workforce. Research in the early 1960s showed that as long as there were enough ants in the trees，they did an excellent job of dispatching some pests—mainly the larger insects—and had modest success against others. Trees with yellow ants produced almost 20 per cent more healthy leaves than those without. More recent trials have shown that these trees yield just as big a crop as those protected by expensive chemical sprays.
H
Oneapparent drawback of using ants—and one of the main reasons for the early skepticism by Western scientists—was that citrus ants do nothing to control mealy bugs， waxy-coated scale insects which can do considerable damage to fruit trees. In fact，the ants protect mealy bugs in exchange for the sweet honeydew they secrete. The orange growers always denied this was a problem but Western scientists thought they knew better. Research in the 1980s suggests that the growers were right all along. Where mealy bugs proliferate under the ants ‘protection they are usually heavily parasitized and this limits the harm they can do. Orange growers who rely on carnivorous ants rather than poisonous chemicals maintain a better balance of species in their orchards. While the ants deal with the bigger insect pests, other predatory species keep down the numbers of smaller pests such as scale insects and aphids(蚜蟲). In the long run， ants do a lot less damage than chemicals—and they’re certainly more effective than excommunication.
Questions 14-18
Use the information in the passage to match the year (listed A-G) with correct description below. Write the appropriate letters A-G in boxes 14-18 on your answer sheet.
NB you may use any letter more than once
A 1888
B 1476
C 1915
D 1700
E 1130
F 304 AD
G 1950
14 First record of ant against pests written.
15 WS studied ant intervention method in China.
16 First case of orange crops rescued by insect in western world.
17 Chinese farmers start to choose chemical method.
18 A book wrote mentioned ways to trap ants.
Questions 19-26
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 2?
In boxes 19-26 on your answer sheet, write
TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this
19 China has the most orange pests in the world.
20 Swingle came to China in order to search an insect for the US government.
21 Western people were impressed by Swingle’s theory of pest prevention.
22 Chinese farmers realised that price of pesticides became expensive.
24 Trees without ants had more unhealthy fallen leaves than those with.
25 Yield of fields using ants is larger a crop than that using chemical pesticides.
26 Chinese orange farmers proposed that ant protection doesn’t work out of China.
14 F
15 C
16 A
17 G
18 E
19 TRUE
20 FALSE
21 FALSE
22 TRUE
23 TRUE
24 NOT GIVEN
25 TRUE
26 NOT GIVEN
(答案僅供參考)
Passage 3 ：
題名：The Persuaders
題型：選擇+匹配
類似文章：
A
We have long lived in an age where powerful images, catchy sound bite sand too-good-to miss offers bombard us from every quarter. All around us the persuaders are at work. Occasionally their methods are unsubtle--the planting kiss on a baby’s head by a wannabe political leader，or a liquidation sale in a shop that has been “closing down” for well over a year，but generally the persuaders know what they are about and are highly capable. Be they politicians, supermarket chains, salespeople or advertisers，they know exactly what to do to sell us their images, ideas or produce. When it comes to persuasion, these giants rule supreme. They employ the most skilled image-makers and use the best psychological tricks to guarantee that even the most cautious among us are open to manipulation.
B
We spend more time in them than we mean to, we buy 75 percent of our food from them and end up with products that we did not realize we wanted. Right from the start, supermarkets have been ahead of the game. For example，when Sainsbury introduced shopping baskets into its 1950s stores, it was a stroke of marketing genius. Now shoppers could browse and pick up items they previously would have ignored. Soon after came trolleys, and just as new roads attract more traffic, the same applied to trolley space. Pro Merlin Stone, IBM Professor of Relationship Marketing at Bristol Business School，says aisles are laid out to maximize profits. Stores pander to our money-rich, time-poor lifestyle. Low turnover products—clothes and electrical goods are stocked at the back while high---turnover items command position at the front.
C
Stone believes supermarkets work hard to “stall” us because the more time we spend in them, the more we buy. Thus, great efforts are made to make the environment pleasant. Stores play music to relax us and some even pipe air from the in-store bakery around the shop. In the USA，fake aromas are sometimes used. Smell is both the most evocative and subliminal sense. In experiments, pleasant smells are effective in increasing our spending. A casino that fragranced only half its premise saw profit soar in the aroma一 filled areas. The other success story from the supermarkets' perspective is the loyalty card. Punters may assume that they are being rewarded for their fidelity, but all the while they are trading information about their shopping habits. Loyal shoppers could be paying 30% more by sticking to their favorite shops for essential cosmetics.
D
Research has shown that 75 percent of profit comes from just 30 percent of customers. Ultimately, reward cards could be used to identify and better accommodate these “elite” shoppers. It could also be used to make adverts more relevant to individual consumers— rather like Spielberg’s futuristic thriller Minority Report, in which Tom Cruise’s character is bombarded with interactive personalized ads. If this sounds far-fetched, the data gathering revolution has already seen the introduction of radio—frequency identification—away to electronically tag products to what, FRID means they can follow the product into people homes.
E
No matter how savvy we think we are to their ploys，the ad industry still wins. Adverts focus on what products do or on how they make us feel. Researcher Laurette Dube, in the Journal of Advertising Research, says when attitudes are base on “cognitive foundations” (logical reasoning), advertisers use informative appeals. This works for products with little emotional draw buthigh functionality, such as bleach. Where attitude are based on effect (i.e, 5 emotions), ad teams try to tap into our feelings. Researchers at the University of Florida recently concluded that our emotional responses to adverts dominate over “cognition”.
F
Advertisers play on our need to be safe (commercials for insurance), to belong (make customer feel they are in the group in fashion ads) and for selfes— teem (aspirational adverts). With time and space at a premium, celebrities are often used as a quick way of meeting these needs— either because the celeb epitomizes success or because they seem familiar and so make the product seem “safe”. A survey of 4,000 campaigns found ads with celebs were 10 percent more effective than without. Humor also stimulates a rapid emotional response. Hwiman Chung, writing in the International Journal of Advertising, found that funny ads were remembered for longer than straight ones. Combine humor with sexual imagery—as in Wonder bra，s “Hello Boys” ads and you are on to a winner.
G
Slice-of-life ads are another tried and tested method they paint a picture of life as you would like it, but still one that feels familiar. Abhilasha Mehta, in the Journal of Advertising Research, noted that the more one’s self-image tallies with the brand being advertised, the stronger the commercial. Ad makers also use behaviorist theories，recognizing that the more sensation we receive for an object, the better we know it. If an advert for a chocolate bar fails to cause salivation, it has probably failed. No wonder advertisements have been dubbed the “nervous system of the business world”.
H
Probably all of us could make a sale if the product was something we truly believed in, but professional salespeople are in a different league——the best of them can always sell different items to suitable customers in a best time. They do this by using very basic psychological techniques. Stripped to its simplest level, selling works by heightening the buyer’s perception of how much they need a product or service. Buyers normally have certain requirements by which they will judge the suitability of a product. The seller therefore attempts to tease out what these conditions are and then explains how their products’ benefit can meet these requirements.
I
Richard Hession，author of Be a Great Salesperson says it is human nature to prefer to speak rather to listen, and good salespeople pander to this. They ask punters about their needs and offer to work with them to achieve their objectives. As a result, the buyer feels they are receiving a “consultation” rather than a sales pitch. All the while，the salesperson presents with a demeanor that takes it for granted that the sale will be made. Never will the words “if you buy” be used, but rather “when you buy”.
J
Dr. Rob Yeung, a senior consultant at business psychologists Kiddy and Partner, says most salespeople will build up a level of rapport by asking questions about hobbies, family and lifestyle. This has the double benefit of making the salesperson likeable while furnishing him or her with more information about the client’s wants. Yeung says effective salespeople try as far as possible to match their style of presenting themselves to how the buyer comes across. If the buyer cracks jokes, the salespeople will respond in kind. If the buyer wants detail, the seller provides it, if they are more interested in the feel of the product, the seller will focus on this. At its most extreme, appearing empathetic can even include the salesperson attempting to “mirror” the hobby language of the buyer.
K
Whatever the method used, all salespeople work towards one aim: “dosing the deal”. In fact, they will be looking for “closing signals” through their dealings with potential clients. Once again the process works by assuming success. The buyer is not asked “are you interested?” as this can invite a negative response. Instead the seller takes it for granted that the deal is effectively done: when the salesman asks you for a convenient delivery date or asks what color you want, you will probably respond accordingly. Only afterwards might you wonder why you proved such a pushover.
Passage1：日本畫家介紹
題型：匹配+填空+判斷
待回憶
Passage2：納米技術(shù)
題型：匹配
待回憶
Passage3：中世紀(jì)英國兒童的娛樂活動
題型：判斷
待回憶
雅思閱讀+聽力考試真題
閱讀
passage1 古代怎樣傳送信息 莫斯電碼發(fā)明后對現(xiàn)代人的信息交流產(chǎn)生了怎樣的影響
passage2 早期人類使用珠寶顯示身份和地位，現(xiàn)代珠寶多用做裝飾品及考古研究
passage3 兒童智力發(fā)展
聽力
2016年1月9日雅思聽力真題解析A卷
Section 1
場景：電影院會員資格咨詢及電影介紹
題型：填空題
1. No age limited
2. How much per season membership: join fee ￡21.50
3. Discount for student membership card: ￡2
4. Offer three hours’ free parking
5-10表格填空
NameGenreYearDetails
The soliderComedy1922A child ran away from hometown and came to Argentina, then won a big sum of money
Piano life
Kids at singing competition
The tigerCartoon aimed for adults
Following by a book talk of an editor
分析：聽力S1延續(xù)了一直以來的填空題題型出題，同時也配合了最常見生活娛樂方面的咨詢場景作為背景，希望廣大考鴨注意這一個section最重點(diǎn)需要掌握的場景詞匯和預(yù)測。
詞以類記：annual fee，membership，seat number，tragedy，war movie，horror film，thrilling
Section 2
場景：農(nóng)場介紹與比較
題型：單選題+表格題+地圖配對題
11. local markets only： A sell to individual buyers
12. cheaper gift：C cheaper price
13. donkeys
14. apples
15. Fig’s price is ﹩6 per kg
16. tomatoes
17. B (top right corner)
18. G (…over the bridge…)
19. F (bottom left corner)
20. H (bottom right corner)
分析：S2以選擇題為主要題型，對場景的考察淡化，逐漸加入了以往在S4才會出現(xiàn)的學(xué)科知識，使得S2難度增加，再加之是選擇題，同義替換抓取難度增加，需要引起重視。
Section 3
場景：兩名學(xué)生跟教授之間關(guān)于presentation的交流
題型：選擇題
Section 4
場景：琥珀的形成和應(yīng)用
題型：填空題
31. amber produces resin to protect itself against insects and fungi
32. some resin has colors because: it was formed from volcanic dust and with mineral in soil
33. the conditions to from amber include pressure, heat and time
34. the mid-product copal was formed during: intermediate stage
35. it is often formed in the sea
36. the ancient Greek believed water and air found in the amber sunlight was trapped
37. here is a special one in every 1000
38. it can be used to make jeweler, necklace, but should be set in silver setting
39. when it was mingled with powder and honey
40. it can be also used as building material
分析：由于S4整體詞匯和知識難度相對來說比較高，這一部分依舊主要以填空題為基礎(chǔ)題型出題，而由于考察學(xué)科內(nèi)容較為廣泛，如果考鴨們適當(dāng)多了解一點(diǎn)百科知識，對這一部分的聽力理解也是會有助益的。
2016年1月9日雅思聽力真題解析B卷
Section 1
場景：農(nóng)場預(yù)定
題型：單選題+填空題
1. Each group size is: B 38 persons
2. How is the meeting room: B it is unavailable now
3. Inform in advance if: B need someone to cook for them
4. What can all people do in the farm: C get information about organic farming
5. Survival course: B looking for food
6. If you want to stay at accommodation, how can you pay: B part of money in advance/deposit
7. Go to the closest area, you can choose the cycling route
8. In rainy days, you can go to the museum
9. He likes this job because it is: B unusual
10. Address: Cohetele Road
Post code: SH121LQ
分析：B卷出題題型跟A卷有明顯差異，S1�？嫉奶羁疹}變少，選擇題變?yōu)橹鲗?dǎo)會導(dǎo)致廣大考鴨受到一定程度的打擊;好在整體的場景還是最熟悉的場館預(yù)訂類，詞匯基礎(chǔ)和考點(diǎn)要點(diǎn)掌握得比較好的考生應(yīng)該還是能夠順利完成的。
詞以類記：book，reserve，reservation，in advance，deposit，available，venue
Section 2
場景：學(xué)生尋找假期兼職
題型：表格填空題+選擇題
advantagesDisadvantagesRecommendations
StocktravellingMake people tiredget good shoes
Office workAir conditionMust 13. Wear formal clothesChoose a 14. larger office
Work at zoogood play
live nearby
17. where does he get the information about the work at zoo: A from one of his friends
18. what did Peter think about the job: C unusual
19. what part of job makes Peter think it is interesting: A work with children
20. what will Peter do in the next term: C do not work a job
Section 3
場景：生物學(xué)課程討論
題型：填空題+選擇題
21. share ideas
22. do much deep researches
DateResearch location/venueName of persons
13th Maymountain building
17thMay
… and John
29thMaylibrariesJohn
26. presentation for 30-40 minutes
27-28. including questions and discussion time
29. articles from journals
30. … and download courses from internet
分析：S3一向以學(xué)生和教授的課堂、課后關(guān)于課程和作業(yè)展開有關(guān)學(xué)術(shù)話題的討論為主要內(nèi)容，新年第一場考試依舊不例外，相對較好的是此次B卷S3沒有以選擇題為主導(dǎo)，加入了相對簡單的表格填空作為調(diào)節(jié)，使得難度不那么大，還有多處是數(shù)字信息填寫，也算是相對輕松了一些。
Section 4
場景：夜班工人健康研究
題型：填空題
31. … people who work in night witnessed number of a huge increase
32. night shift workers internal clock disordered
33. Human’s internal clock make people tell the difference of dark and night
34. night shift work resulted in unsocial hours
35. lack of sleep is not good for stomach and heart
36. all of these reasons would lead to depression
37. affect their mental ability, and therefore affect their performance
38. the third example is social matters
39-40. it will ruin family life and some other relationship e.g. peer group/friends
拓展：考試技巧
一、把握住簡單題型
首先，我們來看一下劍橋官方的評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
大家可以看到，40道題目中，無論簡單題還是難題，任意做對30-32道，即可拿到閱讀7分。所以，如果閱讀想拿到7分，就一定要了解簡單題型的特點(diǎn)，把握住那些簡單的題型！
雅思閱讀的簡單題型，具有如下特點(diǎn)：
1、順序原則（包括判斷、填空和單選）。
2、容易定位，含有人名或數(shù)字等特殊定位詞的題目，典型代表是人名理論配對題。
二、挑選由易到難的答題順序
對于那些所有題目全能做對，時間還綽綽有余的超級學(xué)霸來說，就不需要考慮做題順序了。
但是對于其他烤鴨來說，如果想早日屠鴨成功，推薦做法是：
在試卷發(fā)下來的第一分鐘，瀏覽三篇文章的標(biāo)題、副標(biāo)題和配圖以及題型，然后挑選“話題熟悉、題型簡單”的文章先做。
例如，三篇文章所涉及話題分別為：
1、探討古希臘哲學(xué)流派
2、兒童早期教育
3、睡眠質(zhì)量對于工作學(xué)習(xí)表現(xiàn)的影響。
在這三篇文章中，除非是哲學(xué)專業(yè)的學(xué)生或哲學(xué)愛好者，否則大部分同學(xué)應(yīng)該將第一篇文章放在最后處理。
而在每篇文章中，也應(yīng)該盡量快速準(zhǔn)確地先做完判斷、填空、特殊詞配對題和單選題，為其他難題爭取出更多時間。
對于閱讀目標(biāo)分?jǐn)?shù)為6.5分的同學(xué)，甚至只需要保證簡單題80%的正確率，即可獲得“可以接受的”成績。
數(shù)據(jù)證明，在共計(jì)1600道題目中，我們所提到的簡單題判斷、填空、特殊詞配對和單選已經(jīng)占了約76.26%，所占比例超過四分之三，即：正常的試卷中，40道題目中，有約30道是簡單題。如果這些題目能保證80%的正確率，30*80%=24，已經(jīng)站穩(wěn)6分，其他10道難題，千萬別交白卷兒，把答案填滿，如果能蒙對三道，一共作對24+3=27道題，6.5分貌似也沒那么難。
三、巧妙蒙題也能拿高分
說到這里，有的同學(xué)可能會說，最近雅思閱讀被吐槽最多的那幾場，考生一片鬼哭狼嚎“蒼了天啦！二十多道配對題！”
在這里需要強(qiáng)調(diào)的是：
1、帶特殊定位詞的配對題，算簡單題，可以迅速定位，不要怕；
2、越是難題多的時候，越需要更快更準(zhǔn)地掃清簡單題，保證基礎(chǔ)分?jǐn)?shù)，同時為難題爭取出更多的時間。
拓展：雅思閱讀做不完怎么辦？
很多童鞋的基礎(chǔ)不夠好，主要體現(xiàn)在詞匯量不夠及語法掌握不牢，這就會導(dǎo)致題目文章理解困難，分不清復(fù)雜句結(jié)構(gòu)，導(dǎo)致抓不住重點(diǎn)。
針對這兩點(diǎn)你需要做的是：
1、牢固掌握雅思閱讀高頻詞
2、對文章進(jìn)行生詞和同義替換的總結(jié)
同意替換詞是雅思閱讀最大的出題點(diǎn)，自己進(jìn)行總結(jié)，能幫助自己更深入的理解。
3、掌握雅思閱讀重點(diǎn)句型
雅思閱讀重在轉(zhuǎn)折、并列、因果等邏輯上的考察，補(bǔ)好基礎(chǔ)語法后，需要在這些邏輯句型上花費(fèi)更多的時間去掌握。
很多同學(xué)會對每個單詞逐一停頓，并逐一翻譯地閱讀，強(qiáng)迫癥式地想完全理解每句話的意思，這樣會浪費(fèi)很多時間，也完全沒有必要。
在雅思閱讀中，要以意群、句子，甚至幾個句子為一個單位移動，必要的時候進(jìn)行跳讀。
掌握基礎(chǔ)語法和邏輯后，讀不懂的快讀，讀得懂的抓住重點(diǎn)。
還有同學(xué)低聲朗讀或嘴唇蠕動著默讀，用手或筆指著卷面一排排地導(dǎo)讀，這些都是嚴(yán)重影響閱讀速度的壞習(xí)慣，現(xiàn)在開始，童鞋們就應(yīng)有意識的抑制這些習(xí)慣性行為。
在考場上，很多同學(xué)越想按時完成越是緊張。一旦一篇文章沒有及時做完，后面就慢慢心態(tài)崩了...
其實(shí)，大家的目標(biāo)不是9分的話，就不是非得做完全部的題目，最重要的是，保證已做的題全部正確。
所以在平常的練習(xí)中，先保證正確率，前期可以仔細(xì)地慢慢做，做到每題全對；
后期熟練做題并牢固掌握詞匯語法后，要在1小時內(nèi)達(dá)到40個全對的目標(biāo)，第一遍對錯誤的題進(jìn)行總結(jié)，第二遍繼續(xù)練習(xí)直到1小時內(nèi)全對為止。
拓展：雅思閱讀答題卡怎么填
1.雅思閱讀答題卡填寫范例
雅思閱讀答題卡填寫范例，雅思閱讀答題卡怎么填填充題卡?答題卡填寫怎么填寫?怎么填寫?怎么填寫?雅思閱讀答題卡要在規(guī)定時間前30分鐘內(nèi)填涂答題卡，所以要仔細(xì)閱讀。
填寫答題卡的時候，不要慌張。雅思閱讀提示詞的填寫有時候不要慌張，不要慌張。雅思閱讀題目的答題時間一般為4-5分鐘，雅思閱讀的答題卡是按照題目要求的時間來填寫。雅思閱讀提示詞，填寫答題卡時要用到填寫的信息和信息。
雅思閱讀答題卡要填寫的信息有：
1、填寫的信息。
2、填寫的信息。
3、閱讀題目。
4、寫的內(nèi)容。
5、聽力題目。雅思閱讀提示詞，詞性和詞匯。
6、詞性。
7、詞性和詞匯。
8、詞性和詞性。雅思閱讀提示詞，定位詞。
9、詞性與詞性。
2.雅思聽力審題技巧
雅思閱讀答題卡填寫范例，雅思閱讀答題卡怎么填填表怎么填?答案是肯定的，不需要填寫完整的字體。如果沒有填寫完整的字體，那么考官就會判定你是否有充足的答題時間，如果沒有充分的準(zhǔn)備時間和準(zhǔn)備時間并且答案沒有充分的準(zhǔn)備時間，那么考試中的問題就不會出現(xiàn)，所以在答題卡的時候一定要注意答題卡上的問題：
第一，考生需要在考試前30分鐘填寫答題卡，所以答題卡的字體是固定的，所以第一次考試時一定要仔細(xì)閱讀考試的答題卡。
第二，考試當(dāng)天盡量不要遲到，不要遲到。
3.雅思閱讀答題卡填寫范例
雅思閱讀答題卡填寫范例，雅思閱讀答題卡怎么填?雅思閱讀考試分為四個section，每篇文章都有8-10道題，每篇文章有9道題目。文章長度為40道題，每篇約1000-1000字左右，考場景為學(xué)術(shù)性閱讀，每篇約8000字。
題目會給出一道試題，文章的小標(biāo)題以示，考生需回答所有問題。雅思閱讀答題卡，考生需回答40道題目，包括問題解決的題目，文章中所有的問題均為答案�？忌杌卮�40道題目，包括圖表、曲線圖、表格、地圖等信息。閱讀答題卡的類型為三篇文章，每一類項(xiàng)目一定包括一篇文章的小論文。
雅思閱讀考試分為四大類。文章類型為學(xué)術(shù)類雅思考試，包括學(xué)術(shù)類雅思考試，學(xué)術(shù)類雅思考試。文章類別主要分為學(xué)術(shù)類，培訓(xùn)類，培訓(xùn)類，培訓(xùn)類。
拓展：雅思寫作指導(dǎo)
1、復(fù)雜的單詞
在雅思寫作考試中，許多考生苦背單詞數(shù)月后,自感學(xué)有所成,英文水平有量躍，因此作文用詞不難不用，以博考官注意，期待“不鳴則已，一鳴驚人”的奇效�？上а潘伎脊俣喟肽赀~，被你一“驚”一“嚇”，你的最后得分可想而知。譬如說，有個學(xué)生曾經(jīng)寫過“superfluous”一詞，這種詞我稱之為“震災(zāi)詞”，因?yàn)榘倌觌y遇。其實(shí)，單詞不求難易，只求貼切。舉例說，“fire”可謂簡單，許多學(xué)生不屑一用，但是BBC新聞上非常常見，可以說布萊爾首相的新提案正在”under fire”，也就是被指責(zé)，被攻擊的意思。BBC新聞的記者一般都是文學(xué)佼佼者，詞匯量深不可測，因此，他們用“fire”一詞，不代表他們詞匯量不夠，而是在于“fire”在這種語言情形下并無他選。另外一個例子是“cut”，所有國外的知名經(jīng)濟(jì)報道每天都在用這個單詞，在價格上或者經(jīng)費(fèi)上的“cut”，表示說削減，很多學(xué)生用“decrease”,托福常見的“diminish”,乃至GRE常見的“dwindle”,都難以表達(dá)“cut”干脆利落，毫不留情的感覺。
用復(fù)雜的單詞有兩大弱點(diǎn)：一，極其容易拼寫錯誤，這會激怒考官;二，用得不夠恰當(dāng)：有的單詞在字典里翻譯得并不準(zhǔn)確，一旦使用，只會讓人啼笑皆非。國內(nèi)各校都有宣傳部，很多人翻譯成“propaganda department”，外教百思不得其解，因?yàn)椤皃ropaganda”常用作貶義，只有戰(zhàn)爭期間的宣傳，才用“propaganda”，實(shí)難以堂堂高校宣傳等而視之。
單詞的正確使用，恰當(dāng)使用是一個時間累積的過程。如果沒有足夠把握，千萬慎用。
2、復(fù)雜的句子結(jié)構(gòu)
在雅思寫作考試時，許多考生考前苦心籌備二十來個句型，定語從句，狀語從句，名詞性從句，不一而足，然后在考場上千方百計(jì)、轉(zhuǎn)彎抹角地把句型列陣式地套上去，等待考官的最后檢閱。竊以為考官既然知道我的句型背誦爐火純青，應(yīng)該會給我一個六分。然而，雅思作文考試不是語法考試，更不是背誦考試，而是考察語言應(yīng)用的考試。一篇好的文章應(yīng)該水道渠成，渾然天成，而并非生搬硬套，無中生有。我在考前提醒學(xué)生寫作要限制時間，有兩個用意：一，考試是限時考試，這一點(diǎn)不言而喻;二，避免學(xué)生費(fèi)心思去炮制“優(yōu)美”的句子，往往弄巧成拙，影響文章的流暢和觀感。
考生看到這一步，會問如何文字使用才可以到隨心所欲，出口成章的地步。方法很簡單，每天在BBC報道上摘錄句子五個，反復(fù)背誦。中國俗話說“熟讀唐詩三百首，不會作詩也會吟�！庇⑽膶W(xué)習(xí)的道理也在其中。背一個月的句子，考場上就可以一氣呵成，考生又何樂而不為?
3、不要抄襲范文
那么如何迅速提高雅思寫作，俗話說：“天下文章一大抄�！逼鋵�(shí)，任何英文學(xué)習(xí)(廣泛地說，任何的語言學(xué)習(xí))都需要模仿，也就是“抄襲”。英文從簡單的抄起，直抄到深奧的。只有不斷地模仿，“抄襲”，才可以熟能生巧，在考場上寫出靈活多變的句子來。很多考生道聽途說國內(nèi)考官的手里都有一些中國人編的所謂雅思寫作權(quán)威書籍，因此照抄書上的作文無甚用處，會被扣分。這種推斷非常荒謬，原因有三：
首先，很多所謂的權(quán)威書籍并非權(quán)威，里面的八分范文并非八分。
其次，即使范文夠上了級別，考生是不是完全背下來了，背得恰當(dāng)與否又是不得而知。有的學(xué)生背了片言只語，然后融合自己寫的一堆病句錯句，分?jǐn)?shù)不理想就開始懷疑考官是否打擊模仿范文的考生。又或者，考生死記硬背，看到題目類似就譽(yù)寫上去，而沒有考慮到題目修改所帶來的變化(本書會具體解釋)，試問一篇文不對題的文章如何得六分?
再者，重申一句，語言都是模仿而來，包括考官本人的英文知識也是日積月累地模仿而來。對一件事情的描述其實(shí)大同小異，因此如果描述得當(dāng)，文字上有雷同并不奇怪�？脊俨粫诖銓σ患挛镉星盁o古人，后無來者的敘述;反之，他只會接受外國人所遵循的一種普通的，常見的敘述方法。換言之，如果你的描寫接近英文的一般模式，你就會得高分。再簡單一點(diǎn)說，你抄得越象，越容易得高分。永遠(yuǎn)記住一句話：所有的考試都是將合格的學(xué)生考出來，而不是將不合格的考生考出去。
4、“every coin is two sides”
中國人寫文章喜歡旁征博引，拾人牙慧而示自己學(xué)識淵博，博覽群書。這弊端顯而易見，就是自暴其短。譬如說中國學(xué)生百用不爽的“every coin is two sides”，這一點(diǎn)不可怕，可怕的是馬上加上一句“including positive side and negative side”。每個硬幣固然有兩面，然而為什么偏有一面是負(fù)面，一面是正面?硬幣是錢，錢總是好的，怎會有一面好，一面不好?我問了外國朋友，這種說法是有，但是本意是說要一分為二看問題，也就是強(qiáng)調(diào)兩種看法，而不是事物的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)。從這一個教訓(xùn)中國考生應(yīng)該知道，如果沒有十足的把握，不要想當(dāng)然地亂用外國的俗語。國內(nèi)的考生遲早會到外國學(xué)習(xí)，翻開外國的專業(yè)書籍，你們會發(fā)現(xiàn)外國人本身極少使用俗語或者引用名言，一本幾百頁的書最多就是在前言那里引上短短一句。中國學(xué)生極喜歡說“do in Rome as Rome does”(入鄉(xiāng)隨俗)，那么在雅思作文上也請入鄉(xiāng)隨俗，不管在國外還是國內(nèi)考試，考的都是英文，自然要按照英文的習(xí)慣去行文。英文的習(xí)慣就是少引他人之言。
此外，有些考生居然勇敢到翻譯中文俗語和慣用語的地步，有些所謂的范文竟然翻譯獨(dú)生子女為小皇帝“l(fā)ittle emperor”。這種翻譯并非是錯誤的，而是你需要花一定的篇幅去解釋“l(fā)ittle emperor”是何許人也，如果你不想考官一片茫然從而給你一個惡劣的分?jǐn)?shù)的話。雅思大作文是250字，40分鐘，時間和字?jǐn)?shù)都非常有限，你不可能為了如此一個特色詞組，而大費(fèi)筆墨。雅思作文考的是一篇標(biāo)準(zhǔn)作文，而不是特殊作文，或者是特色作文，讓考官迅速閱卷，迅速量分是成功的關(guān)鍵，如果讓他有思考或者停頓，你就應(yīng)該需要籌備下一次考試了。
拓展：雅思評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
英國大使館文化教育處工作人員詳細(xì)介紹雅思（IELTS）考試的評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、分?jǐn)?shù)報告解釋及口語、閱讀、聽力、寫作等級評分細(xì)則。評分細(xì)則還刊登在其網(wǎng)站上隨時供考試人員查詢。
總分/單項(xiàng)分怎樣評出
按照《IELTS評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、分?jǐn)?shù)報告和解釋》，考試人員成績從1~9共分為九個等級。成績報告單上有聽、說、讀、寫四個部分的分項(xiàng)得分，也有總分，四個部分所得分?jǐn)?shù)的平均分四舍五入之后就是考試人員的總分。
總分、聽力以及閱讀部分的分?jǐn)?shù)可以是整級或半級。例如，如果四項(xiàng)平均分等于或大于6.25分，則計(jì)入6的上半級分?jǐn)?shù)，取6.5分；如果平均分等于或大于6.75分，則計(jì)入6的上一級分?jǐn)?shù)，取7分。寫作和口語部分的分?jǐn)?shù)只按整級計(jì)算。
聽力和閱讀部分各包含40道題目，每答對一題得一分。考試人員這兩部分的滿分原始分均為40分，考試人員依據(jù)其原始分獲取1~9的等級分。
等級分/原始分如何換算
部分等級分及其相對應(yīng)的平均原始分換算表（適用于聽力/閱讀部分）：
聽力
等級分原始分（個數(shù)）
5 16
6 23
7 30
8 35
閱讀（普通）
等級分原始分
5 15
6 23
7 30
8 35
閱讀（學(xué)術(shù)）
等級分原始分
4 15
5 23
6 30
7 34
寫作評分細(xì)則示例
雅思寫作通常有Task1和Task2兩個部分，考官給以下四項(xiàng)分別評等級分：任務(wù)完成情況（Task1）、任務(wù)反應(yīng)情況（Task2）、連貫與銜接、詞匯和句式豐富性及語法準(zhǔn)確性。
以Task1為例，一名在IELTS學(xué)術(shù)類考試中寫作獲得6分的考試人員，達(dá)到這一等級對應(yīng)的寫作水準(zhǔn)是：
�。ˋ）在任務(wù)完成方面，達(dá)到寫作任務(wù)各項(xiàng)要求、能確切選擇有用信息進(jìn)行全面評述、呈現(xiàn)并強(qiáng)調(diào)主要特點(diǎn)或要點(diǎn)，但細(xì)節(jié)可能與要點(diǎn)無關(guān)、不恰當(dāng)或不準(zhǔn)確。
�。˙）連貫及銜接方面，信息和分論點(diǎn)安排連貫，論證過程清楚，有效使用銜接手段，但句內(nèi)或句間銜接有錯誤或顯機(jī)械呆板，有時指代不清晰或不恰當(dāng)。
�。–）詞匯量方面，相對寫作任務(wù)而言，所運(yùn)用的詞匯量充足，嘗試運(yùn)用非常見詞匯但有時出現(xiàn)錯誤，拼寫和構(gòu)詞出現(xiàn)一些錯誤，但不影響交流。
�。―）句式多樣性及語法準(zhǔn)確性方面，混合使用簡單和復(fù)合句，語法和標(biāo)點(diǎn)出現(xiàn)一些錯誤但基本不影響交流。
口語評分細(xì)則示例
同樣，在IELTS口語部分，考官也是按四項(xiàng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)分別評等級分：流利度及連貫性，詞匯、句式豐富性及語法準(zhǔn)確性和語音。仍以一名獲得口語6分的考試人員為例，他所對應(yīng)的口語水準(zhǔn)是：
（A）流利度及連貫性方面，愿意進(jìn)行詳細(xì)描述，但有時因重復(fù)、自我更正或停頓而造成不連貫，運(yùn)用不同的連接詞和語篇標(biāo)記，但有時不恰當(dāng)。
�。˙）詞匯方面，盡管有時詞匯運(yùn)用不恰當(dāng)，但詞匯量足以詳細(xì)表述主題，表意清楚，總體上能成功地變換措辭進(jìn)行復(fù)述。
（C）句式多樣性及語法準(zhǔn)確性方面，混合使用簡單和復(fù)合句式，但不夠靈活；使用復(fù)合句式時經(jīng)常出錯，但并不因此影響理解。
�。―）語音方面，總體能聽懂，偶爾因發(fā)音錯誤給聽者理解造成負(fù)擔(dān)。
評分一直受質(zhì)量監(jiān)控
據(jù)《IELTS評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、分?jǐn)?shù)報告和解釋》，所有雅思評分都由評卷官和考官在考試中心完成。所有評卷官均須事先接受培訓(xùn)，確保理解其評分規(guī)定，并且證明其能根據(jù)評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行評分。評卷官每兩年要重新接受測試，以確保其評分符合標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，每次考試都有系統(tǒng)監(jiān)測，并對部分答卷進(jìn)行兩次評分。
有利考試人員針對性備考
據(jù)了解，此次公布評分細(xì)則，目的是為了便于國外院校、使館、用人單位等接收有雅思成績的學(xué)生、職員的機(jī)構(gòu)對該考試的有效性有一個更加直觀的了解，讓他們認(rèn)識到該考試的科學(xué)性以及其測試結(jié)果的可靠性。
文化教育處工作人員說，對中國考試人員來說，公布評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)細(xì)則意義也很重大，考試人員好好利用將受益匪淺。首先，參照詳實(shí)的評分細(xì)則，學(xué)生可以有針對性地備考。其次，評分細(xì)則的公布有利于考試人員正確分析自己的考試成績，減少估分的誤差和無效復(fù)議——根據(jù)雅思考試規(guī)則，對分?jǐn)?shù)有疑義的考試人員在成績公布28天內(nèi)可以提出復(fù)議，但需要繳納一定的費(fèi)用。如果復(fù)議后成績確實(shí)存在誤差，該費(fèi)用將退還考試人員。
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