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FilmsandTVProgrammes教案設(shè)計(jì)
Fils and TV Prgraes教案
Perid 3 Graar 2; Functin; Everda English
整體設(shè)計(jì)
教材分析
This perid cntains three parts, that is, Graar 2, Functin and Everda English. Graar 2 deals
The Easter Ties Ecnics 30 Minutes English Ne
Read the again and have students repeat the after teachers chrall and individuall.
Chec the stress in abslutel.
As the t cplete the sentences individuall, then chec their answers with a partner.
Cllect the answers fr the whle class as cplete sentences.
a shrt space f tie abslutel gd fr u the bx the thing is what’s n
1 I nl watch _________ n Sundas.
2 He finished it in _________.
3 A: _________ TV this evening?
B: There’s a reall gd draa.
4 A: I wn!
B: _________!
5 There’s sething I need t tell u, sir. _________ , I haven’t dne hewr.
6 A: D u en watching vies?
B: _________!
Suggested answers:
1 the bx 2 a shrt space f tie 3 What’s n 4 Gd fr u
5 The thing is 6 Abslutel
→Step 5 Suar and Hewr
Teachers suarie what has been learned in this perid. This perid students ainl learned the adverbs and adverbial phrases. Thrugh the stud f this perid, the are sure t gain the gist f this graar. Besides, the have learned re abut TV and radi prgraes and practice use the graar ites learned in this dule. At the end f this perid, se hewr is assigned.
Hewr: 1. Merize the new wrds.
2. D exercise n the wrb.
板書設(shè)計(jì)
Mdule 6 Fils and TV Prgraes
Perid 3
The adverbs and adverbial phrases f frequenc:
seld rarel ccasinall ever nw and then ften seties
nce a wee ever da (fur)ties a wee fr tie t tie
ever tw das twice a nth
活動(dòng)與探究
When learn the secnd language, it is als iprtant t cpare the secnd language t the ther language.
備課資料
Abut the Wrd Order
1. 了解語序的重要性
任何一種語言的句子成分都是按照該語言的使用習(xí)慣去排列的,否則就會(huì)造成語意或語法錯(cuò)誤,或至少不地道。The art and literature f the ancient Greece fascinated the turists和The turists were fascinated b the art and literature f the ancient Greece這兩個(gè)句子在語意和語法上都沒有問題,但感覺第二個(gè)句子比第一個(gè)句子更自然,之所以如此,就在于第二句在語序的排列上更加合理。
按照習(xí)慣,語序是相對(duì)固定的,但因表達(dá)的需要又有靈活性,語序排列要受到意圖、語意中心、強(qiáng)調(diào)重點(diǎn)、語言環(huán)境和修辭效果等多種因素的制約和影響。
了解和掌握英語語序的特點(diǎn)可以提高我們駕馭語言的能力,對(duì)實(shí)現(xiàn)雙語等值交換,提高語言教學(xué)水平具有非常重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。
2. 英語語序
英語在其長(zhǎng)期演變、發(fā)展中已經(jīng)形成相對(duì)固定的語序,基本特征就是“主+謂”結(jié)構(gòu)。交際中傳遞的信息片段通常由已知信息(Given Infratin)和新信息(New Infratin)組成,信息的出發(fā)點(diǎn)通常由主語表示,新信息是傳遞的重點(diǎn),通常由謂語來表示。英語語序主要分為兩類: 即無標(biāo)記語序(unared wrd rder)和有標(biāo)記語序(ared wrd rder)。無標(biāo)記語序就是我們常見的自然語序或稱基本語序(nral rder),有標(biāo)記語序則“違反常規(guī)”,在無標(biāo)記語序基礎(chǔ)之上轉(zhuǎn)換而來。轉(zhuǎn)換的主要方式有: 前置(Frnting)和后置(Pstpneent)。
3. 英語語序分類
語法上通常將英語語序分成兩類: 無標(biāo)記語序和有標(biāo)記語序。英語當(dāng)中大量存在的是無標(biāo)記語序,也就是我們常說的自然語序或基本語序。例如: I dislie such peple and behavir. 而如果句子語序變?yōu)? Such peple and behavir I dislie. 語法上就認(rèn)為是有標(biāo)記的。在此主要講一下無標(biāo)記語序。
無標(biāo)記語序
英語句子中的各種成分,位置都是相對(duì)固定的,一般不能任意變化。它的語法主語就是無標(biāo)記主題,英語五種基本句型中的成分就相對(duì)固定。
S+V: The sun is shining.
S+V+C: He was ver anxius.
S+V+O: She will never frgive e!
S+V++O: The guide shwed the turists the sights f Lndn.
S+V+O+C: Mst students fund her helpful.
注意雙賓語結(jié)構(gòu)的安排: 帶介詞的間接賓語通常放置于直接賓語之后,但直接賓語字?jǐn)?shù)較多,結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜時(shí),帶介詞的間接賓語要提前,句子重心才平衡。例如:
The guide described the turists Lndn’s scenic spts.
The guide described Lndn’s scenic spts t the turists.
The Prie Minister explained t the Huse the varius wh the peace tals had failed.
狀語的位置
狀語是英語句子中很活躍并且也是很復(fù)雜的一個(gè)成分,任何起副詞作用的單詞、詞組或分句都是狀語,可以出現(xiàn)在句中的多個(gè)位置。語法上一般把狀語分成三大類: 修飾性狀語、評(píng)注性狀語和連接性狀語。最為常見和最為重要的是修飾性狀語。修飾性狀語主要用來修飾謂語或謂語動(dòng)詞。修飾性狀語按其內(nèi)容可分為時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式、目的、程度、原因、結(jié)果、條件、讓步等狀語。英語句子的語序一般是: 主語+謂語+賓語+修飾性狀語,一般不在謂語動(dòng)詞和賓語之間插進(jìn)狀語?梢哉f: I et ur parents esterda. 或 esterda I et ur parents. 但不可以說: I et esterda ur parents.
(1)修飾性狀語在句子的位置一般來說是在句末,但根據(jù)表達(dá)的需要也可在句首或句中。例如:
The checed their equipent carefull. (adverbial f anner)
A securit guard was standing at the cash pint achine. (place adverbial)
The Battle f the Bne t place in 1690. (tie adverbial)
焦點(diǎn)副詞(fcusing adverb)都置于句中。例如:
I was particularl ipressed b her dancing and singing.
Bb nl watched English preiership n Sundas.
(2)修飾性狀語置于句首或放在主語之前時(shí),一般有強(qiáng)調(diào)作用。在敘事文體中,狀語置于句首更能引起讀者的注意。例如:
At ten ’clc esterda I went dwn fr dinner with ac.
Befre his ther, T is alwas a gd b.
Fr an tp financial executives, even thse at cpanies such as GE, which cntinues t tp plls f the st respected crpratins in the wrld, the prble is that the aret is inflicting the punishent befre an crie has been uncvered. That is heaping even re pressure n the finance functin.
程度副詞作狀語時(shí),一般置于句首。例如:
I greatl ened wring with such energetic gus.
。* Greatl I ened wring with such energetic gus. )
(3)修飾性狀語可以置于主語和主要?jiǎng)釉~之間,也具有一定的強(qiáng)調(diào)作用,但程度不如置于句首強(qiáng)烈。單個(gè)副詞置于主語和主要?jiǎng)釉~之間是很常見的。例如:
I ften g swiing and hunting in the suer.
The captain indl invited us nt the bridge.
常置于主要?jiǎng)釉~之前的修飾性狀語有:
A. 絕大多數(shù)不定頻度副詞: alwas, usuall, seld, cntinuusl, ever, repeatedl, seties, nrall, never, ften, cnstantl, frequentl, regularl, rarel, cntinuall等。
確定頻度副詞一般不這樣使用,往往置于句末。例如:
New r Ties is delivered dail.
B. 某些不定時(shí)間副詞: again, first, since, finall, ust, alread, recentl, last等。
確定時(shí)間副詞不放在句中,一般置于句首或句末。例如:
The da after trrw we are leaving fr Beiing.
(* We are trrw leaving fr Beiing. )
C. 某些程度副詞,特別是起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用的程度副詞: alst, altgether, abslutel, badl, cpletel, deepl, entirel, fairl等。
D. 前置修飾動(dòng)詞的焦點(diǎn)副詞(焦點(diǎn)副詞指出所講內(nèi)容中最有關(guān)聯(lián)的事項(xiàng),如做某事的主要理由或某事物具有的主要特質(zhì)): even, erel, nl, sipl, ust, reall, particularl等。
(4)兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上不同性質(zhì)的狀語連續(xù)使用時(shí)
A. 通常的排列順序?yàn)? 方式狀語—地點(diǎn)狀語—時(shí)間狀語。例如:
The plane t ff nisil (anner)int the dar s (place)ust befre dawn (tie)
以上順序并不是固定不變的,受數(shù)量、長(zhǎng)度以及強(qiáng)調(diào)重點(diǎn)等因素的影響,會(huì)有變化。一般避免把字?jǐn)?shù)較多的狀語排列在字?jǐn)?shù)較少的狀語之前。為使結(jié)構(gòu)平衡、節(jié)奏流暢或上下文的銜接自然,常將時(shí)間狀語或地點(diǎn)狀語等移至句首。例如:
Cuters strea ut f the statin ever rning lie an ar f ants n the ve.
A grup f traps settled last wee n the wasteland b the she factr.
This rning a wan was waling quicl behind e n her wa t wr.
The whle rning he was wring n his speech in the ffice.
B. 有方式副詞又有dwn, ut, he 等方向副詞時(shí),方向副詞先于方式副詞。例如:
He waled he quicl last night.
T reached dwn slwl.
C. 時(shí)間狀語一般位于方向狀語、方式狀語、位置狀語之后,但頻度狀語在句子中可有兩個(gè)位置:
She eats lunch quicl ever da at nn.
She eats quicl lunch at nn ever da.
D. 原因狀語和目的狀語傾向于出現(xiàn)在其他狀語之后:
She eats lunch quicl ever da because she lies t g bac t the ffice and read.
She eats lunch quicl ever da in rder t have se tie t read.
E. 當(dāng)原因狀語和目的狀語同在一個(gè)句子出現(xiàn)時(shí),目的狀語往往位于原因狀語之前。
ane went t San Dieg in rder t visit her uncle because she had nt see hi fr a lng tie.
(5)方式狀語、方向狀語和位置狀語的順序: a. 方向狀語常位于方式狀語之前; b. 方式狀語和位置狀語兩者可以相互移位; c. 方向狀語常位于位置狀語之前。
(6)時(shí)間狀語和頻度狀語: a. 時(shí)間狀語和頻度狀語往往位于方向、方式和位置狀語的后面; b. 時(shí)間狀語和頻度狀語兩者可以相互移位。
(7)目的狀語和原因狀語: a. 目的狀語和原因狀語常常位于其他狀語的后面; b. 目的狀語位于原因狀語之前。
句末狀語的順序有時(shí)會(huì)發(fā)生種種變化,但并非可以任意改變。下面的語序就不能接受:
ane waled this rning t the shpping center.
Mar fixes dinner ever da quicl.
Henr ges gging in rder t sta fit in the rning.
在一定的語境中,上述原則有可能被打破。例如:
A. 較短的狀語往往處于較長(zhǎng)的狀語之前:
une arrived at 10 ’clc with usual flair. (時(shí)間狀語在方式狀語之前)
B. 狀語是說話人所要傳達(dá)的信息中心(常伴有特殊的停頓和語調(diào)):
We left the part, because it was bring, well befre idnight. (原因狀語在時(shí)間狀語之前)
(8)兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)同類型狀語在同一句當(dāng)中出現(xiàn)時(shí),意思最具體的往往放前,意思最籠統(tǒng)的放后。例如:
sh was brn at 2 a. . n Nveber 10th in 1971.
He lives at 120 Big Landn Rad, Mt. Puritans, Pennslvania, USA.
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