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教你怎樣練習(xí)英語聽力
導(dǎo)語：高考英語聽力測試部分在整套試題中占有重要地位。它要求考生從頭到尾按順序往下聽，在有限的時(shí)間內(nèi)做出選擇，沒有“回頭看”的余地。多年的高三教學(xué)工作筆者發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)生長期進(jìn)行聽力訓(xùn)練并且掌握一些基本的聽力應(yīng)試技巧，對于在考場上正常發(fā)揮水平，取得理想的成績尤為重要。下面就結(jié)合近幾年的高考英語聽力試題介紹一些應(yīng)試技巧和解題的基本方法。
一、學(xué)會(huì)預(yù)測
預(yù)測是在做聽力理解之前根據(jù)各種暗示，如所給答案選項(xiàng)，段落或?qū)υ挊?biāo)題等已有知識(shí)，對即將聽到的段落或?qū)υ拑?nèi)容進(jìn)行預(yù)測。
1. 從答案選項(xiàng)中預(yù)測：
Q: What does Tom do?
A. He’s a truck driver. B. He’s a ship captain. C. He’s a pilot.
錄音原文： W: Tom flew to Anchorage last night, then took some passengers from there to Dallas . M: Yeah, but he couldn't land because the airport in Dallas was snowed in. 從選項(xiàng)看，問題應(yīng)是關(guān)于職業(yè)方面的，再從flew, passengers, airport這些信息詞中可知道Tom的職業(yè)。
2. 從說話人口氣預(yù)測：
在A,B兩人的對話中，如果B是附和或贊成，往往說“Yes”，“I agree”，“Sure”，“I think so”等。但如A用否定句，B表同意時(shí)則用“No”，“Neither / Nor?”等。
例如： A: Harvey doesn't seem to fit into this class. B: No, he is really a fish out of water.
二、做簡要筆記
聽錄音時(shí)快速，準(zhǔn)確，簡要地記下有關(guān)信息(包括數(shù)字，人名，地名，關(guān)鍵詞)，前提是不要影響跟聽速度，采用自己習(xí)慣的符號(hào)。
例：How much will the man pay for the tickets?
A.$18 B. $24 C. $30
原文：W: Tickets for the movie are $ 6 for adults, half price for children. M: All right, I’d like three tickets for adults and two tickets for children, please. 筆記可簡化為：$ 6 A(A代表adult)，C代表children,3A+2C或6 A(3)+ half C(2)
三、聽清數(shù)據(jù)，簡要記錄，加以運(yùn)算。
在獲取時(shí)間信息時(shí)，不要誤把會(huì)話中提到的時(shí)間簡單確定為問題的答案。高考聽力考查時(shí)間時(shí)往往要進(jìn)行簡單的時(shí)間換算。
At what time does the train to Leeds leave?
A. 3:00 B. 3:15 C. 5:00
錄音原文：
W: Excuse me, could you tell me when the next train to Manchester is? M: Sure. Well, it's 3 now. The next train to Manchester leaves in 2 hours, but you can take the train to Leeds which leaves in 15 minutes, and then get off at Manchester on the way. 對話中提到了三個(gè)時(shí)間It's 3 now, in 2 hours，in 15 minutes.
現(xiàn)在是3點(diǎn)，開往Manchester的火車要兩小時(shí)后才開，即The train to Manchester leaves in 2 hours。若簡單機(jī)械地把3點(diǎn)和2點(diǎn)相加，會(huì)得出火車5點(diǎn)才開的錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)C。
數(shù)字類問題分辨別類和計(jì)算類兩種：
1. 要注意區(qū)分-teen和-ty及four和five的發(fā)音;辨別多位數(shù)，如電話號(hào)碼，門牌等
2. 計(jì)算時(shí)間，錢款，距離，年齡，人或物的數(shù)量等;聽出數(shù)字間的關(guān)系，更要聽清問題，因?yàn)閷\(yùn)算方法的要求通常寓于問題中;注意more, less, as much(many)as, another, double, a couple of; to, past, quarter; 記住時(shí)間是60進(jìn)制 如出現(xiàn)幾個(gè)數(shù)字，應(yīng)注意鑒別問的是那一個(gè)。
例：At what time does the office open?
A. At 8:15 B. At 8:30 C. At 7:45
從常識(shí)判斷，辦公時(shí)間往往以整點(diǎn)開始，而不會(huì)在幾點(diǎn)幾分。
聽力原文：
M: I wonder why the office is still not open. W: But it's not yet eight. In fact, it's only a quarter to eight.
四、抓住關(guān)鍵詞，對癥下藥
聽力考試常出現(xiàn)以Where提問的問句，考生要通過對話的具體情節(jié)和背景判斷對話發(fā)生的地點(diǎn)。一般來說，特定場景的用語和關(guān)鍵詞是基本固定的，考生要對此多了解，熟悉明白。在遇到Where does the conversation take place?/ Where does sb. work? What’s his job?之類的問題時(shí)，就會(huì)派上用場。
如： restaurant: menu, bill, order, tip, hamburger, beer, soup hotel: luggage, single room, double room, room number, check in(out) hospital: take medicine, temperature, pill, headache, fever, examine post office: mail, deliver, stamp, envelope, parcel airport: flight, take off, land, luggage railway station :round trip, single trip, sleeping car store: on sale, size, wear, color, style, price, change，bargain, fit school: professor, exam, course, term, dining hall, playground library: librarian, renew, date, shelf, magazine, seat 對于前五道簡短對話，要根據(jù)問題的類型，從第二個(gè)講話者的答語中來捕捉關(guān)鍵詞
如：What’s the man going to do?
A. Run to the airport. B. Wait for another bus. C. Hurry to get the next bus.
根據(jù)選項(xiàng)看，對話似乎與bus有關(guān)，主要信息捕捉范圍是在“Hurry”或“Run”和“Wait”之間。聽音范圍明顯縮小。
原文M: Excuse me, can you tell me when the next bus leaves for the airport? W: It leaves in three minutes. If you run, you might catch it. 關(guān)鍵詞“run”和“catch”正好對上答案C的“Hurry”和“get”。
五、較長對話和短文的理解
抓聽首句和首段有助于整體理解文章;結(jié)尾部分所給出的信息不一定是題目的正確答案，可能只是一個(gè)陷阱;推理思路要正確;語境中抓要點(diǎn)。 獨(dú)白部分(即第十段材料)可分為四種類型： *人物與故事型：敘述人物的經(jīng)歷和成就，要抓住故事發(fā)展線索，所問問題多屬事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題 *普通知識(shí)型：內(nèi)容涉及面較廣，問題以事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題居多 *社會(huì)科學(xué)型：涉及到文化教育，社會(huì)治安，代溝問題，就業(yè)問題，婦女問題，人口問題，環(huán)境保護(hù)，國家發(fā)展等。問題常涉及獨(dú)白的主題或題目，故需作推理判斷。 *科普知識(shí)型：主要涉及自然科學(xué)，如生物，物理，海洋，計(jì)算機(jī)，醫(yī)學(xué)，氣象，科學(xué)發(fā)明等。如遇專業(yè)詞匯和術(shù)語，可利用語境線索猜詞義。
六、果斷選題，學(xué)會(huì)放棄
相信第一感覺，當(dāng)機(jī)立斷，決不能反反復(fù)復(fù)，甚至影響后面的答題，切記不可因某個(gè)小題未聽懂而患得患失，不可因一題失多題，造成一步跟不上，步步皆踏空的結(jié)果。 總之，只要掌握基本的聽力技巧和方法、排除一切干擾，全身心地投入語境、持之以恒地堅(jiān)持高考全真模擬聽力訓(xùn)練，高考中定能取得理想的成績。
Passage 1
1.
A) They gave him a present.
B) They asked him to make a speech.
C ) They made a special dinner for him.
D) They invited his wife to attend the party.
2.
A) He was angry.
B) He didn't know what to say.
C) He felt surprised.
D) He was deeply touched.
3.
A) Sam's wife did not think that the company was fair to Sam.
B) Sam's wife was satisfied with the gold watch.
C) A gold watch is a good gift to the employee.
D) A company should always hold parties for the employees.
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Passage 2
4.
A) He had a heavy luggage to carry.
B) He wanted to kill time before boarding the plane.
C) He felt thirsty and coffee was a good choice.
D) He had a temporary meeting there.
5.
A) Children's toys.
B) Picture books.
C) Food and coffee.
D) Clothes and scientific papers.
6.
A) The woman stole his case on purpose.
B) All his papers had been stolen.
C) He had taken the wrong case.
D) The child played a joke on him.
Passage 3
7.
A) It destroyed San Francisco.
B) It was predicted by instruments.
C) All buildings had been leveled to the ground.
D) People didn't get a warning in advance.
8.
A)The instruments that predicted the earthquake.
B)All the dogs and pigs.
C)The government and scientists.
D)The unusual behavior of the animals and other signs.
9.
A) Dogs.
B) Horses.
C) Pigs.
D) Geese.
10.
A) Because they want to improve their instruments.
B) Because they want to analyze the animal sense.
C) Because they intend to tell people animals can predict earthquake.
D) Because they plan to train the animals to work for people.
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