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2015年新托福(toefl)考試詞匯精編(二)
當(dāng)中國(guó)年輕的移民二代興起一股洗剪吹之風(fēng)時(shí),西方的叛逆青少年中也在流行emo flap(情緒搖滾頭)。
Emo flap is a hairstyle symbolizing one's angst and hatred of the world. It covers one of the eyes and comes down in a pizza slice shape. Commonly associated with emotionally challenged children. Keanu Reeves used to have one.
“情緒搖滾頭”是一種反映理發(fā)者對(duì)世界的焦慮和仇恨的發(fā)型。這種發(fā)型劉海垂在眼前,遮住眼睛,并且剪成一小塊披薩的形狀。一般會(huì)剪這種發(fā)型是都是有不滿(mǎn)情緒的小孩。基努·里維斯曾經(jīng)剪過(guò)這種發(fā)型。
例句:
Person 1: "Did you see that dude's emo flap?"
“你看見(jiàn)那位仁兄的‘情緒搖滾頭’了嗎?”
Person 2: "Yeah man, he must hate his parents..."
“嗯看見(jiàn)了,他一定恨自己的父母吧……”
“路線(xiàn)圖”的這個(gè)比喻意來(lái)自英語(yǔ),是road map或roadmap的直譯。
road map在英語(yǔ)里也是個(gè)新詞。2000年,英國(guó)牛津大學(xué)出版社推出的Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary(《牛津高階英語(yǔ)詞典》)第六版還沒(méi)有收錄這個(gè)詞。時(shí)隔五年,2005年出版的Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary第七版就收錄了roadmap。該詞典給了road map兩個(gè)釋義。其一是本義:a map thatshows the roads of an area, especially one that is designed for a person who is driving a car。這條釋義反映了21世紀(jì)初的時(shí)代特點(diǎn):越來(lái)越多的人開(kāi)汽車(chē)。road map不僅僅是一個(gè)地區(qū)的道路圖,更是為駕車(chē)人準(zhǔn)備的行車(chē)路線(xiàn)圖。
road map的第二個(gè)釋義是引申義:a set of instructions or suggestions about how to do sth. orfind out about sth.。road map不再是一張地圖,而是實(shí)施一項(xiàng)行動(dòng)的計(jì)劃或方案。就像漢語(yǔ)成語(yǔ)“按圖索驥”一樣,其意思是比喻“按照線(xiàn)索尋找事物”。road map包括目標(biāo)、準(zhǔn)則、說(shuō)明、步驟、建議和時(shí)間表等內(nèi)容,例如:
1. An expert panel is working out a road map to reach the goal of realizing peace in this areathrough dialogue. 一個(gè)專(zhuān)家小組正在制訂一個(gè)通過(guò)對(duì)話(huà)實(shí)現(xiàn)該地區(qū)和平目標(biāo)的行動(dòng)方案。
technology roadmap的字面意思是“技術(shù)路線(xiàn)圖”,實(shí)際上是“技術(shù)創(chuàng)新方案”,例如:
2. A technology roadmap is a plan that matches short-term and long-term goals with specifictechnology solutions to help meet those goals. 技術(shù)路線(xiàn)圖是使短期和長(zhǎng)期目標(biāo)與具體的技術(shù)解決方案相配合以實(shí)現(xiàn)這些目標(biāo)的計(jì)劃。
3. The importance of technology roadmapping lies in the fact that it plays a success-determiningrole at the front end of the innovation process. 應(yīng)用技術(shù)路線(xiàn)圖規(guī)劃的重要性在于它在創(chuàng)新過(guò)程的前沿對(duì)成功起著決定性作用。
walking map有兩個(gè)意思,其原義是map for walking,指幫助人們?cè)谝粋(gè)地區(qū)步行活動(dòng)的地圖或路線(xiàn)圖,例如:
4. The walking map is a guide to the local businesses and hot spots in this area. 這個(gè)步行路線(xiàn)圖是本區(qū)域內(nèi)當(dāng)?shù)厣啼伜蜔狳c(diǎn)的指南。
walking map的比喻意義是指“對(duì)某地區(qū)地理情況很熟悉的人”,相當(dāng)于“活地圖”,例如:
5. As he is familiar with the bus routes, and knows well where to take or change the bus, people callhim “a walking map”. 他熟知公交車(chē)路線(xiàn),熟知在什么地方乘車(chē)和換車(chē),因此人們稱(chēng)他為“活地圖”。
我們看電視的天氣預(yù)報(bào)節(jié)目時(shí),預(yù)報(bào)員身后充當(dāng)背景的那張專(zhuān)業(yè)地圖叫做weather map,即“天氣圖”或“氣象圖”,例如:
6. Through simplified scientific explanations and colorful pictures, a child can learn how to read aweather map from the nightly news, for example, how rain is formed. 通過(guò)簡(jiǎn)要的科學(xué)解釋和彩色圖畫(huà),一個(gè)兒童能學(xué)會(huì)讀懂晚間新聞節(jié)目的天氣圖,例如,雨是怎樣形成的。
7. If you learn how to read a boating weather map, you can be safe when you're on the water. 如果你學(xué)會(huì)讀懂航海天氣圖,你就能安全航行。
gene map或genetic map的意思是“基因圖譜”或“遺傳圖譜”,例如:
8. A gene map is the descriptive representation of the structure of a single gene. 基因圖譜是對(duì)一個(gè)單一基因結(jié)構(gòu)的描述性表現(xiàn)。
9. A genetic map shows the location of genes and other DNA elements on a chromosome. 遺傳圖譜表示基因和其他DNA分子在染色體上的位置。
to put sb./sth. on the map的意思是to make sb. / sth. famous, prominent or important,即“使一舉成名”,例如:
10. His impressive performance on the Spring Festival Gala really put him on the map. 他在春節(jié)晚會(huì)上的出色演出果真使他一舉成名。
11. The exhibition actually helped put our city on the map. 這次展覽會(huì)實(shí)際上幫助我們的城市一舉成名。
to wipe sb./sth. off the map的意思是to destroy completely, to eliminate completely, to annihilate,即“消滅”、“毀滅”或“滅絕”,例如:
12. The enemy attempted to wipe the small town off the map. 敵人企圖毀滅這座小城鎮(zhèn)。
13. We wish we would wipe Aids off the map some day. 我們希望有朝一日我們能消滅艾滋病。
“路線(xiàn)圖”一詞,尤其是在表示“計(jì)劃”或“方案”的意思時(shí)已越來(lái)越多地被媒體所使用。我們會(huì)常常見(jiàn)到或聽(tīng)到“改革路線(xiàn)圖”、“發(fā)展路線(xiàn)圖”等提法。由于“路線(xiàn)圖”寓意清楚,形象生動(dòng),普通群眾也越來(lái)越接受“路線(xiàn)圖”的比喻意義。我們自然不會(huì)忘記“路線(xiàn)圖”一詞,就是譯自road map。
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