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詞匯

托福閱讀經(jīng)典詞匯題解讀

時(shí)間:2024-07-26 22:28:42 詞匯 我要投稿
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托福閱讀經(jīng)典詞匯題解讀

  詞匯題常見題目形式:

托福閱讀經(jīng)典詞匯題解讀

  The word/phrase…in the passage is closest in meaning to…

  The word/phrase…in the passage means…

  The word/phrase… in paragraph…

  Refers to… what is…?

  或許,很多同學(xué)會(huì)說我的詞匯量非常有限,在考試中遇到這種詞匯題,如果不認(rèn)識就無計(jì)可施,只能靠第六感了。其實(shí),托福閱讀中涉及到的詞匯題還是有一定的解題規(guī)律的,以下將分兩種類型進(jìn)行講解:

  一、熟悉的詞匯

  當(dāng)所考詞匯是你認(rèn)識的詞時(shí),分兩步:直接在所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中找出相近詞;將選定的選項(xiàng)代入考察詞匯所在的原文語境中,驗(yàn)證是否符合句意,以防止一詞多義的情況。

  例如:TPO-5中的一篇文章Minerals and Plants中的第二題:

  2. The word "exhibit" in the passage is closest in meaning to

  A. fight off

  B. show

  C. cause

  D. spread

  解題過程:這是一道詞匯題。所考詞匯exhibit是高頻詞匯,它的基本意思是“展示、顯示”。因此,選項(xiàng)B

  show是exhibit的同義詞;將其代入exhibit所在的語境中進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證,原句“Nitrogen-deficient plants exhibit many

  of the symptoms just described.” 可提取主干(Plants exhibit symptoms),將選項(xiàng)B代入即“植物顯示癥狀”符合語境,因此,選項(xiàng)B正確。

  二、不認(rèn)識的詞匯

  遇到不認(rèn)識的詞匯,千萬不要?dú)w因于自己詞匯量不足,無計(jì)可施進(jìn)而放棄。托福閱讀中的詞匯題存在一定的推理規(guī)律,這時(shí)候要采取以下措施:找到考察詞匯所在的句子,尋找推理線索(95%的詞匯題都暗含線索),由線索得出的關(guān)聯(lián)信息,分析句意或主干進(jìn)行推理判斷及排除。

  例如:TPO-3中第三篇文章 The Long-term Stability of Ecosystems中的第八題:

  8. The word "guarantee" in the passage is closest in meaning to

  A. increase

  B. ensure

  C. favor

  D. complicate

  解題過程:這是一道詞匯題?疾煸~匯guarantee很多學(xué)生可能不太認(rèn)識,這時(shí)候千萬不要依靠第六感去猜,要回到原句中,查找線索。原句“Mathematical models of ecosystems likewise suggest that diversity does not guarantee ecosystem stability—just the opposite, in fact.” 存在兩處線索:1. suggest that(表明)…可見此that句為觀點(diǎn)結(jié)論句;2.likewise指“也、同樣”。由以上兩點(diǎn)線索可知:上一句肯定出現(xiàn)過相似的觀點(diǎn)結(jié)論句,只有這樣,此句才會(huì)說“同樣表明…”。此句的上一句為“In general,diversity, by itself, does not ensure stability.” 由ingeneral可知這是典型的結(jié)論句,主干為“diversity does not ensure stability.”而考察句的結(jié)論為“diversity does not guarantee ecosystem stability.” 由此推理可得出,選項(xiàng)B正確。

  例二:本篇文章中第十題:

  10. The word “pales” in the passage is closest in meaning to

  A. increases proportionally

  B. differs

  C. loses significance

  D. is common

  解題過程:這是一道詞匯題。回到原句中,查找線索。原句“The destruction caused by the volcanic explosion

  of Mount St. Helens, in the nort

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