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2017托福閱讀文章《如何珍惜時(shí)間》
閱讀理解是英語考試基本繞不開的,托?荚囈膊焕?忌胍既∫粋(gè)不錯(cuò)的閱讀理解分?jǐn)?shù),那么,日常的練習(xí)就很關(guān)鍵了。下面送給大家一篇2017托福閱讀文章,希望對(duì)大家有所幫助。
如何珍惜時(shí)間
if the real work that needs doing is offline, disable the internet for an hour at a time.
如果這件事情不需要上網(wǎng)就可以完成,把網(wǎng)斷掉。
turn email checks into an hourly habit, not an “as the box gets mail” habit.
延長(zhǎng)查看電子郵件的周期。
don’t answer your cell phone when working on something important. call back later.
如果手頭的工作很重要,工作期間不要接電話,回頭再打過去就是了。
if you can’t work at work, negotiate finding a new place to get things done.
如果你的工作環(huán)境讓你不能工作,換個(gè)沒人打擾的地方。
television means: “i don’t need this time and it doesn’t matter to me.” (almost always. really.)
看電視意味著“這段時(shí)間我浪費(fèi)了也無所謂”。
budget your entertainment time vs. production time. never cheat the other.
平衡你的娛樂和工作時(shí)間。
examine every opportunity along the lines of time vs. projects already underway.
時(shí)時(shí)檢查你的時(shí)間安排和現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)進(jìn)行中的項(xiàng)目。
try working part of your day in “off-hour” times, to get more done with fewer people around.
以小時(shí)為單位劃分你的工作時(shí)間,用更少的人做更多的事情。
專心的竅門
write your goals clearly. post them in eyeball view of where you work most.
清楚的寫下你的目標(biāo)。放在你的眼皮底下。
spend time with focused people. meet and befriend those who are where you want to be.
多和專心工作的人在一起。
consume as much material about your prime focus as you can budget.
盡量把資源用在主要目標(biāo)上,把時(shí)間花在刀刃上。
analyze your past experiences. be clear. list your successes. examine your failures.
回顧總結(jié)以往的成功和失敗經(jīng)驗(yàn)。
stay true to a particular vision of what you want to do.
清楚明白你想要得到的是什么。
don’t give up too early.
不要太容易放棄。
envision your success. write about it. then read that daily or weekly.
想象一下成功后的樣子,寫下來,每天讀讀。
learn how to “chunk.” hit each milestone and move to the next. be methodical.
學(xué)會(huì)把大事劃分為幾個(gè)階段,完成一個(gè)階段,再進(jìn)入下一個(gè)。
develop habits around success and drive.
養(yǎng)成好習(xí)慣。
recharge your batteries with good sleep and food.
吃好睡足。
develop your relationship with your family. it nourishes the other goals.
維持家庭關(guān)系。這是你完成其它工作的保障。
附:如何精讀閱讀文段?
當(dāng)考生把詞和句逐一攻克以后,下一個(gè)精讀的對(duì)象就是段落了。精讀段落可以幫助考生了解托福閱讀文章段落的結(jié)構(gòu)規(guī)律,捕捉含特殊邏輯關(guān)系的結(jié)構(gòu)的可能出題點(diǎn)。
段落精讀的第一個(gè)要點(diǎn)就是要快速找出并理解各段落的中心句。如果是首段,一般關(guān)注它的首句或尾句;如果是中間段,一般也是閱讀首尾句,但也可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)“非常規(guī)”的情況,即中心句在段落的中間出現(xiàn)。以下面這個(gè)段落為例。
Psychological researchers generally recognize that facial expressions reflect emotional states. In fact, various emotional states give rise to certain patterns of electrical activity in the facial muscles and in the brain. The facial-feedback hypothesis argues, however, that the causal relationship between emotions and facial expressions can also work in the opposite direction. According to this hypothesis, signals from the facial muscles (“feedback”) are sent back to emotion centers of the brain, and so a person’s facial expression can influence that person’s emotional state. Consider Darwin’s words: “The free expression by outward signs of an emotion intensifies it. On the other hand, the repression, as far as possible, of all outward signs softens our emotions.”Can smiling give rise to feelings of good will, for example, and frowning to anger? (OG “The Expression of Emotions”)
乍一看,你會(huì)覺得本段落的中心句就是第一句,其實(shí)第一句只是交代了一個(gè)普遍的(generally)看法,第二句是基于這個(gè)看法作進(jìn)一步的解釋(in fact)。而真正的中心句應(yīng)該是第三句(由however引出),它提出了另一個(gè)新的看法,叫“面部反饋的假設(shè)”,這個(gè)新的看法才是本段接著要展開的重點(diǎn)對(duì)象。大家在精讀段落時(shí),應(yīng)該特別留意類似“非常規(guī)”的情況,充分理解這種段落的寫作邏輯。
段落精讀的第二個(gè)要點(diǎn)就是關(guān)注段落中含邏輯關(guān)系詞的結(jié)構(gòu),比如轉(zhuǎn)折結(jié)構(gòu)、因果結(jié)構(gòu)、平行結(jié)構(gòu)、連續(xù)列舉結(jié)構(gòu)等,這些結(jié)構(gòu)往往都是托福閱讀考試的出題點(diǎn)。筆者建議考生在精讀時(shí)用記號(hào)標(biāo)出這些結(jié)構(gòu)的信號(hào)詞,對(duì)其前后的文字加以研讀,并與后面的題目進(jìn)行對(duì)照,摸索閱讀出題的規(guī)律。這里以“轉(zhuǎn)折結(jié)構(gòu)”為例作為示范。
According to conventional theory, yawning takes place when people are bored or sleepy and serves the function of increasing alertness by reversing, through deeper breathing, the drop in blood oxygen levels that are caused by the shallow breathing that accompanies lack of sleep or boredom. Unfortunately, the few scientific investigations of yawning have failed to find any connection between how often someone yawns and how much sleep they have had or how tired they are. About the closest any research has come to supporting the tiredness theory is to confirm that adults yawn more often on weekdays than at weekends, and that school children yawn more frequently in their first year at primary school than they do in kindergarten. (TPO 18 “The Mystery of Yawning”)
考生在精讀本段落時(shí),要特別注意本段中的Unfortunately,它是轉(zhuǎn)折的信號(hào)詞之一,引起了前后信息的轉(zhuǎn)折,后面的句子對(duì)本段開頭的傳統(tǒng)理論(conventional theory)作出了反駁,意思是“但遺憾的是,關(guān)于打哈欠的僅有的幾項(xiàng)科學(xué)研究并沒有找到打哈欠的頻率與個(gè)人睡眠時(shí)長(zhǎng)或者疲勞程度之間的任何關(guān)聯(lián)。”考生可以劃出這個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折結(jié)構(gòu)的句子,然后再跟后面的題目進(jìn)行對(duì)照,看看是否針對(duì)這句話出題。對(duì)照之后,考生會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)有一道事實(shí)信息題與這句話有密切的關(guān)系。之后,考生還可以在腦海里再回憶下轉(zhuǎn)折結(jié)構(gòu)的信號(hào)詞除了unfortunately還有哪些,比如還有but、however、yet、nevertheless、while、whereas等,以后讀段落或做題時(shí)可以多注意這些地方。
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