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2018考研英語(yǔ)翻譯技巧匯總
引導(dǎo)語(yǔ):要想提高英語(yǔ)翻譯水平,除了要靠平時(shí)的積累,更少不得適用的翻譯技巧,以下是百分網(wǎng)小編為大家整理的2018考研英語(yǔ)翻譯技巧匯總,歡迎閱讀!
一、三步走
第一步:劃結(jié)構(gòu),抓住干。
拿到一個(gè)考研英語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)難句應(yīng)該先切分結(jié)構(gòu),從而抓出句子主干,這是翻譯句子的第一步。因?yàn)榫渥舆^(guò)長(zhǎng),對(duì)于大多數(shù)人而言都無(wú)法第一時(shí)間理清意思,所以要給句子分段,抓主要意思。這句話中兩個(gè)逗號(hào)間是插入的定語(yǔ)從句,主干為Washington overcame the strong opposition of his relatives to grant his slaves their freedom in his will.定語(yǔ)從句主干:who had begun to believe that all men were created equal,他開(kāi)始相信人人生來(lái)平等。
第二步:分成分,組意思。
長(zhǎng)難句主干劃分出之后,分句中還有一些成分比較長(zhǎng),需要進(jìn)一步區(qū)分成分,overcame the strong opposition of his relatives克服了親屬的強(qiáng)烈反對(duì),to grant his slaves their freedom in his will,grant之后是雙賓語(yǔ),賦予他的奴隸以自由。定語(yǔ)從句中出現(xiàn)了一個(gè)非常重要的現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語(yǔ),根據(jù)語(yǔ)義關(guān)聯(lián)確定為時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。during the Revolutionary War也是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。
第三步:調(diào)語(yǔ)序,理通順。
各個(gè)成分確定了之后再看是否需要語(yǔ)序調(diào)整,比如 to grant his slaves their freedom in his will雙賓語(yǔ)順譯可以,而after observing the bravery of the black soldiers during the Revolutionary War放在原來(lái)的位置就不可以了,漢語(yǔ)習(xí)慣是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)前置,所以需要調(diào)整。“在解放戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中觀察到了黑人士兵的勇敢之后,華盛頓開(kāi)始相信人人生而平等”。最后正對(duì)定語(yǔ)從句的位置也需要調(diào)整,因?yàn)閺木漭^長(zhǎng),所以采用拆分法。
全句的譯文如下:“在解放戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中觀察到了黑人士兵的勇敢之后,華盛頓開(kāi)始相信人人生而平等,之后他便克服了親屬的強(qiáng)烈反對(duì),在遺囑當(dāng)中賦予了他的奴隸以自由。”要真正提高對(duì)考研英語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)難句理解的水平,就需要有正確的翻譯方法指導(dǎo),再加上平時(shí)勤加練習(xí),才能真正提升翻譯能力。
二、重組法
指在進(jìn)行英譯漢時(shí),為了使譯文流暢且更符合漢語(yǔ)敘事論理的習(xí)慣,在捋清英語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)句的結(jié)構(gòu)、弄懂英語(yǔ)原意的基礎(chǔ)上,徹底擺脫原文語(yǔ)序和句子形式,對(duì)句子進(jìn)行重新組合。
例如:Decision must be made very rapidly; physical endurance is tested as much as perception, because an enormous amount of time must be spent making certain that the key figures act on the basis of the same information and purpose.
必須把大量時(shí)間花在確保關(guān)鍵人物均根據(jù)同一情報(bào)和目的行事,而這一切對(duì)身體的耐力和思維能力都是一大考驗(yàn)。因此,一旦考慮成熟,決策者就應(yīng)迅速做出決策。
三、詞類(lèi)及結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)換法
詞類(lèi)轉(zhuǎn)換
轉(zhuǎn)譯成動(dòng)詞
1.名詞轉(zhuǎn)換成動(dòng)詞
經(jīng)典例題: Interest in historical methods has arisen,less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves.
分析:interest在原文中是名詞,而在譯文中為了符合中文的表達(dá)方式,在不改變意思的前提下,將它改成動(dòng)詞。
參考譯文: 人們之所以關(guān)注歷史研究的方法,主要是因?yàn)槭穼W(xué)家們內(nèi)部分歧過(guò)大,其次才是因?yàn)橥饨绮⒉徽J(rèn)為歷史是一門(mén)學(xué)科。(1999年真題)
經(jīng)典例題: With the click of a mouse,information from the other end of the globe will be transported to your computer screen at the dizzying speed of seven_and_a_half times around the earth per second.
參考譯文: 只要一點(diǎn)鼠標(biāo),來(lái)自世界另一端的信息便會(huì)以每秒繞地球七周半的驚人速度傳輸?shù)侥愕碾娔X屏幕上。
2.形容詞轉(zhuǎn)換成動(dòng)詞
經(jīng)典例題: Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion problems arising from mass migration movements-themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport.
參考譯文: 由于人口的猛增或大量人口流動(dòng)(現(xiàn)代交通工具使大量人口流動(dòng)變得相對(duì)容易)所造成的種種問(wèn)題也會(huì)增加社會(huì)壓力。(2000年真題)
經(jīng)典例題: Doctors have said that they are not sure they can save his life.
參考譯文: 醫(yī)生們說(shuō)他們不敢肯定能否救得了他的命。
Success is dependent on his effort.
參考譯文 成功與否取決于他的努力。
3.副詞轉(zhuǎn)換成動(dòng)詞
經(jīng)典例題: She opened the window to let fresh air in.
參考譯文: 她把窗子打開(kāi),讓新鮮空氣進(jìn)來(lái)。
4.介詞轉(zhuǎn)換成動(dòng)詞
經(jīng)典例題: Many laboratories are developing medicines against AIDS.
參考譯文: 許多實(shí)驗(yàn)室正在研制治療艾滋病的藥物。
經(jīng)典例題: "Coming!"Away she skimmed over the lawn,up the path,up the steps,across the veranda,and into the porch.
參考譯文: "來(lái)了!"她轉(zhuǎn)身蹦著跳著地跑了,越過(guò)草地,跑上小徑,跨上臺(tái)階,穿過(guò)涼臺(tái),進(jìn)了門(mén)廊。
轉(zhuǎn)換成名詞
1.動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換成名詞
經(jīng)典例題: The university aims at the first rate of the world.
參考譯文學(xué)校的目標(biāo)是世界一流。
經(jīng)典例題: The net and electronic commerce will foster a large number of free_fancers,and this will affect social structure in a big way.
參考譯文: 網(wǎng)絡(luò)和電子商業(yè)將會(huì)造就一大批自由職業(yè)者,從而將對(duì)社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)產(chǎn)生深遠(yuǎn)的影響。
經(jīng)典例題: Numerous abstentions marked the French elections.
參考譯文: 這次法國(guó)選舉的特點(diǎn)是棄權(quán)的人多。
2.形容詞轉(zhuǎn)換成名詞
經(jīng)典例題: They did their best to help the sick and the wounded.
參考譯文: 他們盡了最大努力幫助病號(hào)和傷號(hào)。
經(jīng)典例題: The different production cost is closely associated with the sources of power.
參考譯文: 生產(chǎn)成本的差異與能源密切相關(guān)。
3.代詞轉(zhuǎn)換成名詞
經(jīng)典例題: According to a growing body of evidence,the chemicals that make up many plastics may migrate out of the material and into foods and fluids,ending up in your body.
分析: your body直譯是"你的身體",而細(xì)讀原文,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)其實(shí)your body是泛指人體。作者為了引起與讀者的共鳴,用了與讀者更息息相關(guān)的your。在翻譯時(shí),應(yīng)將此代詞轉(zhuǎn)換成名詞,體現(xiàn)其真實(shí)含義。
參考譯文 越來(lái)越多的證據(jù)表明,許多塑料制品的化學(xué)成分會(huì)移動(dòng)到食物或流體上去,最終進(jìn)入人體內(nèi)。
經(jīng)典例題: Though we can't see it,there is air all around us.參考譯文雖然我們看不見(jiàn)空氣,可我們周?chē)教幎加锌諝狻?/p>
4.副詞轉(zhuǎn)換成名詞
經(jīng)典例題: The new type of machine is shown schematically in Figure1.
參考譯文 圖一所示是這種新型機(jī)器的簡(jiǎn)圖。
經(jīng)典例題: Internally the earth consists of two parts,a core and a mantle.參考譯文地球的內(nèi)部由兩部分組成:地核和地幔。
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