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2016年初二下英語(yǔ)完型知識(shí)點(diǎn)
八年級(jí)對(duì)于初中生來(lái)說(shuō)是一道坎,隨著新的科目的增加,很多學(xué)生由于學(xué)習(xí) 任務(wù)的加重,學(xué)習(xí)興趣提不起來(lái),成績(jī)開(kāi)始下滑。那么在這個(gè)時(shí)候怎么把英語(yǔ)學(xué)好呢?下面百分網(wǎng)小編為大家提供初二英語(yǔ)的知識(shí)要點(diǎn)，希望能幫助到大家!
I. 重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)
1. on time
2. out of
3. all by oneself
4. lots of
5. no longer
6. get back
7. sooner or later
8. run away
9. eat up
10. take care of
11. turn off
12. turn on
13. after a while
14. make faces
15. teach oneself
16. fall off
17. play the piano
18. knock at
19. to one's surprise
20. look up
21. enjoy oneself
22. help yourself
23. tell a story / stories
24. leave....behind ……
25. come along
26. hold a sports meeting
27. be neck and neck
28. as ... as
29. not so / as ... as
30. do one's best
31. take part in
32. a moment late
33. Bad luck!
34. fall behind
35. high jump
36. long jump
37. relay race
38. well done!
39. take off
40. as usual
41. a pair of
42. at once
43. hurry off
44. come to oneself
45. after a while
46. knock on
47. take care of
48. at the moment
49. set off
50. here and there
51. on watch
52. look out
53. take one’s place
II. 重要句型
1. We’d better not do sth.
2. leave one. oneself
3. find one’s way to a place
4. stand on one’s head
5. make sb. Happy
6. catch up with sb.
7. pass on sth. to somebody
8. spend time doing sth.
9. go on doing sth.
10. get on well with sb.
11. be angry with sb.
12. be fed up with sth.
13. not…until…
14. make room for sb.
III. 交際用語(yǔ)
1. We’re all by ourselves.
2. I fell a little afraid.
3. Don’t be afraid.
4. Help!
5. Can’t you hear anything?
6. I can’t hear anything / anybody there.
7. Maybe it’s a tiger.
8. Let’s get it back before they eat the food.
9. Did she learn all by herself?
10. Could she swim when she was …years old?
11. She didn’t hurt herself.
12. He couldn’t buy himself many nice things.
13. Did he enjoy himself?
14. Help yourselves.
15. Bad luck!
16. Come on!
17. Well done! Congratulations (to…)!
18. It must be very interesting.
19. I don’t think you’ll like it.
20. It seems to be an interesting book.
21. I’m sure (that)… I’m not sure if… I’m not sure what to…
22. I hope so.
23. What was he/she drawing when…?
24. I’m sorry to trouble you.
25. Would you please…?
26. What were you doing at ten o’clock yesterday morning?
27. You look tired today.
28. You’d better go to bed early tonight, if you can.
29. How kind!
30. Let’s move the bag, or it may cause an accident.
31. It’s really nice of you.
32. Don’t mention it.
33. Don’t crowd around him.
IV. 重要語(yǔ)法
1. 不定代詞/副詞的運(yùn)用;
2. 反身代詞的用法;
3. 并列句;
4. 形容詞和副詞的比較等級(jí);
5. 冠詞的用法;
6. 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí);
【名師講解】
1. bring/take
Bring表示“帶來(lái)、拿來(lái)”，指從別處朝說(shuō)話人所在或?qū)⒃诘牡胤?ldquo;帶來(lái)、拿來(lái)”。而take則表示“拿去、帶走”，它表示的方向與bring相反，指從說(shuō)話人所在地“拿走、帶走”。如：
Bring me the book, please. 把那本書(shū)給我拿來(lái)。
Take some food to the old man. 給那位老人帶去些食物。
2. somebody/ anybody/nobody
一般說(shuō)來(lái)，somebody用于定句，anybody用于否定句、疑問(wèn)句和條件狀語(yǔ)從句。例如：
Somebody came to see you when you were out. 你出來(lái)時(shí)有人來(lái)見(jiàn)你。
Does anybody live on this island? 有人在這島上住嗎?
I didn't see anybody there. 我在那兒誰(shuí)也沒(méi)看見(jiàn)。
Don't let anybody in. I'm too busy to see anybody. 別讓任何人進(jìn)來(lái)。我太忙，誰(shuí)也不想見(jiàn)。
There is nobody in the room. 房間里沒(méi)人。
Nobody told me that you were ill, so I didn't know about it . 誰(shuí)也沒(méi)告訴我你病了。所以我不知道。
3. listen, listen to, hear
這三個(gè)詞意思都是“聽(tīng)”，但是它們的用法不完全相同。它們的區(qū)別在于：
(1)listen 只用于不及物動(dòng)詞，后面接人或人物做賓語(yǔ)，著重于“傾聽(tīng)”，指的是有意識(shí)的動(dòng)作，至于是否聽(tīng)到，并非強(qiáng)調(diào)的重點(diǎn)。如：
Listen! Someone is singing in the classroom. 聽(tīng)!有人在教室唱歌。
(2)listen to 為listen的及物形式，后面一定要接人或物做賓語(yǔ)，這里的to是介詞。如：
Do you like listening to light music?你喜歡聽(tīng)輕音樂(lè)嗎?
(3)hear 可用作及物動(dòng)詞，也可用作不及物動(dòng)詞，意思是“聽(tīng)到、聽(tīng)見(jiàn)”，指用耳朵聽(tīng)到了某個(gè)聲音，表示無(wú)意識(shí)的動(dòng)作，著重于聽(tīng)的能力和結(jié)果。如：
We hear with our ears.我們用耳朵聽(tīng)。
She listens but hears nothing.她聽(tīng)了聽(tīng)，但是什么也沒(méi)有聽(tīng)見(jiàn)。
4. many/ much/ a few/ a little/ few/ little
(1)many修飾可數(shù)名詞，much修飾不可數(shù)名詞;都表示許多。例如：
He has many books.他有許多書(shū)。
He drank much milk.他喝了許多牛奶。
(2)a few和a little都表示"有一點(diǎn)兒"，側(cè)重于肯定，相當(dāng)于"some"，但a few修
飾可數(shù)名詞，a little修飾不可數(shù)名詞，例如：
He has a few friends in London.他在倫敦有一些朋友。
Would you like some coffee? Yes, just a little.喝點(diǎn)咖啡好嗎?好的，只要一點(diǎn)。
(3)few和little表示"幾乎沒(méi)有"，側(cè)重否定。few后接可數(shù)名詞，little后接不可數(shù)名詞。例如：
He is a strange man. He has few words.他是個(gè)怪人，他幾乎不說(shuō)什么話。
Hurry up, there is little time left.趕快，沒(méi)什么時(shí)間了。
5. either/ neither/ both
either可作形容詞，一般指"兩者中的任何一個(gè)"。有時(shí)也可表示"兩個(gè)都……"的意思，后跟名詞的單數(shù)形式;neither: 指兩者中沒(méi)有一個(gè)，全否定;both: 指兩者都，肯定。句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)，both后面應(yīng)跟名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：
Neither of the films is good.兩部電影都不好。(沒(méi)有一部是好的)
Either of the films is good. 兩部電影都不錯(cuò)。(謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù))
Both the teachers often answer the questions.這兩個(gè)老師都常常解答問(wèn)題。
6. take part in/join
take part in參加某種活動(dòng); join參加，加入某一政黨或組織。例如：
Can you take part in my party.你能來(lái)參加我的派對(duì)嗎?
We often take part in many school activities.我們經(jīng)常參加學(xué)校里的一些活動(dòng)。
He joined the party in 1963. 他1963年入的黨。
My little brother joined the army last year. 我小弟去年參的軍。
7. quite/ rather/ very
(1)quite 表示程度“很，十分，完全地”，“相當(dāng)”。如：
She is quite right.她對(duì)極了。
That's not quite what I want . 那并不完全是我所要的。
(2)rather 表示程度上的“相當(dāng)”，比預(yù)想地程度要大，通常用在不喜歡的情況下。如：It's rather cold today.今天的天氣相當(dāng)冷。
(3)very表示程度“很，甚，極其，非常”，用于修飾形容詞或副詞，既可用在喜歡的情況下，也可用于不喜歡的情況下。應(yīng)注意“a very +形容詞+可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)”結(jié)構(gòu)中，"a"應(yīng)置于"very"之前，該結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)“quite a/an +形容詞+名詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)。如：
Two months is quite a long time. / a very long time. 兩個(gè)月是一段很長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間。
It's a very nice day / quite a nice day. 今天天氣很好。
【考點(diǎn)掃描】
中考考點(diǎn)在本單元主要集中在：
1. 不定代詞/副詞的運(yùn)用;
2. 反身代詞的用法;
3. 并列句;
4. 形容詞和副詞的比較等級(jí);
5. 冠詞的用法;
6. 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí);
7. 本單元學(xué)過(guò)的詞匯、短語(yǔ)和句型;
8. 本單元學(xué)過(guò)的日常交際用語(yǔ)。
考試形式可以是單項(xiàng)填空、完型填空、短文填空和完成句子。
【中考范例】
1. (2004年江西省中考試題)
---I called you yesterday evening, but there was no answer.
---Oh, I am sorry I ___________ dinner at my friend’s home.
A. have B. had C. was having D. have had
【解析】答案：C。該提考查的是動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作應(yīng)用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。
2. (2004年北京市中考試題)
---Which is _________, the sun, the moon or the earth?
---Of course the moon is.
A. small B. smaller C. smallest D. the smallest
【解析】答案：D。該提考查的是形容詞的比較等級(jí)。三者進(jìn)行比較，其中最小的應(yīng)用最高級(jí)，而形容詞最高級(jí)之前必須加頂冠詞the。
3. (2004年河北省中考試題)
Bob never does his homework _________ Mary. He makes lots of mistakes.
A. so careful as B. as carefully as C. carefully as D. as careful as
【解析】答案：B。該提考查的是形容詞和副詞的用法區(qū)別。空白處所缺的詞是修飾動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)does his homework的，應(yīng)該用副詞。另外，表示“某人做事不如某人細(xì)心”應(yīng)用“not as carefully as”這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)。
4. (2004年吉林省中考試題)
---I like riding fast. It’s very exciting.
---Oh! You mustn’t do it like that, ________ it may have an accident.
A. and B. or C. so D. but
【解析】答案：B。該提考查的是連接并列句的并列連詞的選擇。And通常連接兩個(gè)意思一致的并列句，so連接兩個(gè)有因果關(guān)系的并列句，but連接兩個(gè)有轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的并列句，or相當(dāng)于if not意思是“否則”。
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