2023年小升初英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法考點(diǎn)大集錦
2023年小升初英語(yǔ)考試復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)間越來(lái)越少了,為幫助同學(xué)們更全面復(fù)習(xí)英語(yǔ),下面是小編幫大家整理的小升初英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法考點(diǎn)大集錦,供大家參考借鑒,希望可以幫助到有需要的朋友。
小升初英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法考點(diǎn)大集錦 篇1
一、with的用法
1、帶著、附加著......(表動(dòng)作特征)。如:
Run with the kite like this.
2、附加、附帶著......(表事物特征)。如:
A glass of apple juice,two glasses of coke,two hanburgers with potato chips,rice and fish.
3、和......(某人)一起。
(1)根某人一起(居住、吃、喝、玩、交談等)。如;
Now I am in China with my parents.
Sometimes we go out to eat with our friends.
He/She's talking with a friend.
(2)跟go,come連用,有“加入”到某方的意思。如;
Do you want to come with me?
4、和play一起構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞
play with意為“玩耍......,玩弄......”如:
Two boys are playing with their yo-yos.
5、與help一起構(gòu)成help...with...句式,意為“幫助(某人)做(某事)!比纾
On monday and wednesday,he helps his friends with their English.
6、表示面部神情,有“含著......,帶著......”如:
"I'm late for school,"said Sun Yang,with tears in his eyes.
7、表示“用......”如:
You play it with your feet.What do the farmers do with machines?
8、表示“對(duì)......,關(guān)于......”。如:
What's wrong with it? There's something wrong with my computer.
二、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)自述
1、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
(1)表示事物或人物的特征、狀態(tài)。如:The sky is biue.填空是藍(lán)色的。
(2)表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。如:I get up at six every day.我每天六點(diǎn)起床。
(3)表示客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)。如:The earth goes around the sun.地球繞著太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。
2、構(gòu)成
(1)be動(dòng)詞:主語(yǔ)+be(am,is,are)+其他。如:
I am a boy.我是一個(gè)男孩。
(2)行為動(dòng)詞:主語(yǔ)+行為動(dòng)詞(+其他)。如:
We study English.我們學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)。
當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)(he,she,it)時(shí),要在動(dòng)詞后加“-s”或“-es”。如:
Mary likes Chinese.瑪麗喜歡漢語(yǔ)。
3、變化——否定句、一般疑問(wèn)句、特殊疑問(wèn)句:
(1)be動(dòng)詞的變化:
否定句:主語(yǔ)+be+not+其他。如:
He is not a worker.他不是工人。
一般疑問(wèn)句:Be+主語(yǔ)+其他。如:
-Are you a student?
-Yes,I am./No,I'm not.
特殊疑問(wèn)句:疑問(wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)句。如:
Where is my bike?
(2)行為動(dòng)詞的變化。
否定句:主語(yǔ)+don't(doesn't)+動(dòng)詞原形(+其他)。如:
I don't like bread.當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí),要用doesn't構(gòu)成否定句。如:
He doesn't often play.
一般疑問(wèn)句:Do(Does)+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其它。如:
-Do you often play football?
-Yes,I do./No,I don't.
擋住與為第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí),要用does構(gòu)成一般疑問(wèn)句。如:
-Does she go to work by bike?
-Yes,she does./No,she doesn't.
特殊疑問(wèn)句:疑問(wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)句。如:
How does your father go to work?
三、揭開(kāi)“第三人稱單數(shù)”的秘密
1、第三人稱代詞he,she,it作主語(yǔ)時(shí)。如:
She is very good at English.她英語(yǔ)學(xué)得好。
He studies in a middle school.他在一所中學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)。
2、單獨(dú)使用的人名、地名或稱呼語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)。如:
Jim often plays football with his friends.吉姆經(jīng)常和他的朋友們踢足球。
Does Uncle Wang like making things王叔叔喜歡做東西嗎?
3、不可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)。如:
It there any juice in the bottle?瓶里有果汁嗎?
4、單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)。如:
The box is in your room.箱子在你的房間里。
What is that girl doing over there?那女孩在那邊干什么?
5、單個(gè)數(shù)字,算式或單個(gè)字母作主語(yǔ)時(shí)。如:
Three plus nine is twelve.三加九等于十二。
"I"is an English letter.“I”是個(gè)英語(yǔ)字母。
6、指示代詞this,that等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)。如:
This is her red pen.這是她的紅鋼筆。
7、代詞one作主語(yǔ)時(shí)。如:
One of them is watching TV.他們中的一個(gè)人正在看電視。
8、不定代詞something,anything,nothing等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)。如:
There's something wrong with the computer.這臺(tái)電腦壞了。
四、“一般過(guò)去時(shí)”亮相
1、一般過(guò)去時(shí)的概念
一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。常和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如:last year,yesterday等;也可表示過(guò)去經(jīng)常反復(fù)發(fā)生的.動(dòng)作,常和often,always等頻率副詞連用。如:
I saw him in the street yesday.昨天我在街上看見(jiàn)他了。
Li Mei always went to school on foot last year.去年李梅總是步行上學(xué)。
2、一般過(guò)去時(shí)的構(gòu)成
動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式的構(gòu)成:
(1)規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式的構(gòu)成有四條規(guī)則:
一般在動(dòng)詞原形末尾直接加上-ed。如:look-looked.
以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,去e再加-ed。如:live-lived。
末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié),先雙寫(xiě)這個(gè)輔音字母,再加-ed。如:stop-stopped。
末尾是輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,先變y為i,然后再加-ed。如:study studied。
(2)不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式需特殊記憶。如:am(is)-was,are-were,go-went,come-came,take-took,have(has)-had等。
3、一般過(guò)去時(shí)的幾種句型
肯定句結(jié)構(gòu)為:主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式+其他。如:He went to the toy store yesterday.他昨天去玩具店了。
否定句結(jié)構(gòu)為:主語(yǔ)+did not(didn't)+動(dòng)詞原形+其他。如:He didn't go to the toy store yesterday.他昨天沒(méi)有去玩具店。
一般過(guò)去時(shí)的一般疑問(wèn)句的結(jié)構(gòu):Did+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其他?如:
(1)-Did you go to Beijing last week? -Yes,we did.(No,we didn't.)
(2)-Did you meet the businessman before? -No,I didn't.(Yes,I did.)
一般過(guò)去時(shí)的特殊疑問(wèn)句的結(jié)構(gòu):疑問(wèn)詞+did+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其他?如:
(1)-What did you do last night? -I did my homework.
(2)-Where did you go last week? -I went to Shanghai with my parents.
五、一般將來(lái)時(shí)
“一般將來(lái)時(shí)”,表示將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)間將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。
"be going to",表示“打算,將要”。其中“be”根據(jù)主語(yǔ)的人稱變化派出“is,am,are”。“to”是“不定式符號(hào)”,跟在它后面的動(dòng)詞必須是動(dòng)詞原形。
1、陳述句(肯定句)
在肯定句中,主語(yǔ)+be(am/is/are)+going to+動(dòng)詞原形+其他。如:
I am going to work hard this term.我打算這學(xué)期努力學(xué)習(xí)。
He is going to buy a new CD after school.我放學(xué)后要去買(mǎi)張新CD。
They are going to visit their teacher tommrow.他們明天要去看望他們的老師。
在否定句中,要在be的后面加not。
I am not going to play football after school.我不打算踢足球。
She is not going to watch TV this afternool.今天下午她不打算看電視。
We are not going to the cinema at night.我們今晚不看電影。
2、一般疑問(wèn)句
Be(am,is,are)+主語(yǔ)+going to+動(dòng)詞原形+其他,如:
-Are you going to read books tonight? -Yes,I am./No,I am not.
-Is he going to buy a comic book this morning? -Yes,he is./No,he is not.
3、特殊疑問(wèn)句
疑問(wèn)詞+be(am,is,are)+主語(yǔ)+going to+動(dòng)詞原形+其他,如:
-What is she going to do this evening? -She is going to visit her grandparents.
-What are they going to do tomorrow? -They are going to play football.
六、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí),用來(lái)表示正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。結(jié)構(gòu):be(am,is,are)+動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞形式,句型:
1、陳述句(肯定句)
主語(yǔ)+be(am,is,are)+現(xiàn)在分詞,如:
I am reading English.我正在讀英語(yǔ)。
He is writing.他正在寫(xiě)字。
You are running.你正在跑步。
2、一般疑問(wèn)句
Be(Am,Is,Are)+主語(yǔ)+現(xiàn)在分詞。如:
-Are you singing?你正在唱歌嗎? -Yes,I am.是的,我在唱歌。(No,I'm not.不,我不在唱歌。)
-Is he(she) listening to music?他(她)在聽(tīng)音樂(lè)嗎? -Yes,he(she) is.是的,他(她)在聽(tīng)音樂(lè)。(No,he(she) isn't.不,他(她)不在聽(tīng)音樂(lè)。)
3、特殊疑問(wèn)句
疑問(wèn)詞+be(am,is,are)+主語(yǔ)+現(xiàn)在分詞,如:
-What are you doing?你正在干什么? -I am doing my homework.我正在做作業(yè)。
-What is he(she) doing?他(她)正在干什么? -He(She) is riding a bike.他(她)正在騎自行車。
look(看)、listen(聽(tīng))、now(現(xiàn)在),它們和“我”經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)在句子中。如:
Look!Jack is swimming.看!杰克正在游泳。
Listen!She is singing.聽(tīng)!她正在唱歌。
I am cleaning my room now.現(xiàn)在,我正在打掃房間。
七、一般疑問(wèn)句
1、概念:能用yes/no(或相當(dāng)于yes/no)回答的問(wèn)句叫一般疑問(wèn)句。
2、含系動(dòng)詞be的一般疑問(wèn)句的構(gòu)成
具體地說(shuō),就是當(dāng)陳述句中有am/is/are時(shí),可直接將它們提至主語(yǔ)前,但如遇第一人陳,最好將其置換成第二人稱。如:
I'm in Class 2,Grade 1.→Are you in Class2,Grade 1?你是在一年級(jí)二班嗎?
3、含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的一般疑問(wèn)句的構(gòu)成
一般疑問(wèn)句前面人人平等:情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與am/is/are一樣,也可直接將它們提至主語(yǔ)前。
I can spell it.-Can you spell it?你會(huì)拼寫(xiě)它嗎?
4、含實(shí)意動(dòng)詞的一般疑問(wèn)句的結(jié)構(gòu)
含實(shí)意動(dòng)詞的一般疑問(wèn)句的構(gòu)成稍微有點(diǎn)講究,要在首句加do;如逢主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)單數(shù)第三人稱形式“v-(e)s”時(shí),奉does為座上賓并要變回原形(如has-have,likes-like等);有時(shí)陳述句中的some還要變作any等。如:
She lives in Beijing.-Does she live in Beijing?她住在北京嗎?
I like English.-Do you like English?你喜歡英語(yǔ)嗎?
5、少數(shù)口語(yǔ)化的一般疑問(wèn)句
如問(wèn)一個(gè)與前文相同的問(wèn)句時(shí),可省略成“And you?”或“What/How about...?”等;甚至只抓住關(guān)鍵詞,讀作升調(diào)。如:Your pen?你的鋼筆?