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部分情態(tài)動詞的用法解析
以下是小編整理的部分情態(tài)動詞的用法解析，希望對大家有所幫助
在中學英語教材中，情態(tài)動詞一直是一個相當重要的語法項目，它貫穿于高中英語教學的始終，也是歷年高考的必考點，但由于其用法高度情景化，并且取決于說話人彼時彼地的情感和態(tài)度，因而顯得雜亂無序、難于掌握。本文擬就情態(tài)動詞的可考點及必考點較為全面地對其進行梳理和歸類，以求更加條理化、明晰化。
①can與could
經(jīng)常用于 “cannot(help /choose)but + 動詞原形”短語中，短語意為“不能不……”，“不得不……”，“只能……”，“除……之外別無選擇”。
He could′t(choose)but take the offer.
We could′t but be impressed by their warm concern.
He could not but feel annoyed.
■have no choice but to do(…)與there be no choice but to do(…)
二者意為：“除…… 之外別無選擇”，but后接用帶to的動詞不定式。
Then it has no choice but to lie down and sleep.
There is no choice but to give in.
He didn′t have any choice but to leave.
1)經(jīng)常用于下列句型中，意為“盡可能地……”。
as … as maybe as … as possible
as … as one can/could as … as one possibly can/could
■possibly 常與can 或could 連用。
--- When are you going to see him?
--- As soon as possible / maybe.
There is nothing we can do but wait as calmly as we possibly can.
He began to run, as fast as he could.
2)經(jīng)常用于下列短語中，短語意為“禁不住 …… ”，“不得不 ……”，“忍不住 …… ”，“抵不住 …… ”等等。
cannot help doing(…) cannot resist doing(…)
cannot keep from doing(…) cannot stand doing(…)
cannot forbear doing(…) / to do(…) cannot bear doing(…) / to do(…)
When I read the play now, I cannot help thinking of the past.
She could not help feeling depressed.
He never can resist making a joke.
The wounded man could not forbear to cry out.
Robbie could not keep(himself)from laughing.
I could not stand being talked to like that.
He could not bear living alone.
3)經(jīng)常用于下列兩個句型：
A)can′t + be (或行為動詞) + 比較級結(jié)構(gòu)
■這一句型的基本意義是：再沒有……比……更……，是從反面表達“最”的含義，盡管用語頗為含蓄，但表達的肯定語氣卻是十分強烈的。
He can′t be more careless. 他太粗心了。
I can′t thank you a little more. 我太感謝你了。
上述例句是對現(xiàn)在的情況進行強調(diào)。如對過去的情況加以強調(diào)，則常常使用：
“ could′t + have + p.p + 比較級結(jié)構(gòu)”
The job could′t have been easier. 這工作再容易不過的了。
■這種句型中的謂語動詞不只限于一般時態(tài)，還可以使用現(xiàn)在完成時和過去完成時，其強調(diào)的時間概念與上面的相同。
The visit can′t have left us a deeper impression.
這次參觀給我們留下的印象再沒有那么深刻了。
She could′t have explained the matter more clearly.
她把那件事解釋得再沒有那么清晰了。
B)can′t + 原形動詞 + too(或enough)
■這一句型乍一看上去像是否定，實則是表示強烈的肯定，意為：無論怎么樣……也不過分……，not可采用其變體hardly，never等。
I can′t praise this film highly enough.
I can′t praise this film too much.
I can hardly praise this film too highly.
我無論怎樣去贊揚這部影片都不為過。
�、趍ay 與 might
1)經(jīng)常用于表示目的或讓步的狀語從句中;
Write to him at once so that he may know in time.
However much they may desire it they cannot express their sympathetic feelings.
Try as he may, he will not pass the examination.
He swore that, come what may, he would never let her know what he was doing for her sake.
No matter how loudly you may shout, you won′t be heard.
2)經(jīng)常用來構(gòu)成倒裝句型，表示祝愿;
May you have a long and happy life!
May there never be another world war!
May all your dreams come true!
May God bless you!
3)經(jīng)常用于may / might as well 短語中，短語意為“不妨 …… ”，用來提出建議等;
If that is the case, I may as well try.
Since it′s a fine day we might as well walk.
Then you might as well stay with us here.
Well, now you are here, you may as well make yourself useful.
4)經(jīng)常用于may … but… 短語中，短語意為“或許…… 但是……”，前面部分接近一個讓步狀語從句。
He may be poor but he is honest.
He may be clear, but he doesn′t know everything.
�、踡ust
1)經(jīng)常與進行時連用，表示“必須立即 …… ”，“將不得不……”等含義;
I am afraid I must be going.
She was nearly grown up and must soon be looking after herself.
2)意為“(干嗎)偏要……，硬要……”
Must you shout so loudly?
Of course, after I gave her my advice, she must go and do the opposite.
Just when we were ready to go away for the holidays, the baby must catch measles.
�、躶hall與 should
■shall
1)經(jīng)常用于第一、三人稱，構(gòu)成疑問句，征求對方意見或請求對方允許。用于第三人稱時，實質(zhì)上是替別人征詢意見或許可;
Shall the boy come in, Mr. Smith?
Shall the taxi-driver wait outside?
Shall he begin to work, director?
--- Shall we sit here? --- We may as well.
I will be there at 3:00, shall I?
2)經(jīng)常用于各種人稱，表示許諾;
I promise you shall see her again before long.
If you work hard you shall have a holiday on Saturday.
You shall have the money as soon as I get it.
You shall hear everything directly you come.
3)經(jīng)常用于各種人稱，表示命令、威脅或規(guī)定;
If you children won′t do as I tell you, you shan′t go to the party.
He shall suffer for this.
She shall do as she is told.
Shall he leave tomorrow? Yes, he shall.
Each competitor shall wear a number.
Houses owners shall keep their gardens in a neat and orderly state.
4)經(jīng)常用于各種人稱，表示決心(表示一定會發(fā)生某事)，體現(xiàn)一種強烈愿望;
That day shall come.
It has been decided that he shall be given the job.
■should
1)經(jīng)常用在某些從句中，表示驚異或不以為然等情緒(有時譯為“竟然”);
I cannot think why he should have said that; it was my fault.
It seems so unfair that this should happen to me.
It was not right that such near neighbors should not know one another.
Why should you talk to her like that?
2)經(jīng)常用在so that，lest，in case等引起的從句中;
She stood away so that he should enter the room first.
They trembled lest the father should hear of it.
I will keep a seat for you in case you should change your mind.
3)經(jīng)常用來表示估計或推斷的情況(可譯為“照理應當”，“估計……”);
They should be there by now, I think.
We needn′t get ready yet; the guests shouldn′t come for another hour.
4)經(jīng)常用于下列句型中：
I should like … 我想(做某事)
I should have thought … 我還以為(表示驚異)
I should like a bath.
20degrees? I should have thought it was colder than that.
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