2018考研英語(yǔ)完形填空訓(xùn)練
引導(dǎo)語(yǔ)：為了幫助大家更好地準(zhǔn)備英語(yǔ)考研，以下是百分網(wǎng)小編為大家整理的2018考研英語(yǔ)完形填空訓(xùn)練，歡迎閱讀!
訓(xùn)練一
SectionⅠUse of English
Directions：
Read the following text. Choose the best wordfrom each numbered blank and mark A，B，C or D on ANSWER SHEET.
Driving through snowstorm on icy roads for long distances is a most nerve-racking experience. It is a paradox that the snow，coming __1__ gently，blowing gleefully in a high wind，all the while __2__ down a treacherous carpet，freezes the windows，__3__ the view. The might of automated man is__4__ . The horses，the powerful electrical systems，the deep-tread tires，all go __5__ nothing. One minute the road feels __6__，and the next the driver is sliding over it，light as a__7__，in a panic，wondering what the heavy trailer trucks coming up__8__the rear are going to do. The trucks are like __9__ when you have to pass them，not at sixty or seventy __10__ you do when the road is dry，but at twenty-five and thirty. __11__ their engines sound unnaturally loud. Snow，slush and__12__ of ice spray from beneath the wheels，obscure the windshield，and rattle __13__your car. Beneath the wheels there is plenty of __14__ for you to slide and get mashed to a pulp. Inch __15__ inch you move up，past the rear wheels，the center wheels，the cab，the front wheels，all__16__too slowly by. Straight ahead you continue，__17__ to cut over sharply would send you into a slip，__18__in front of the vehicle. At last，there is__19__enough，and you creep back over，in front of the truck now，but__20__the sound of its engine still thundering in your ears.
1. [A] up [B] off [C] down [D] on
2. [A] lies [B] lays [C] settles [D] sends
3. [A] blocks [B] strikes [C] puffs [D] cancels
4. [A] muted [B] discovered [C] doubled [D] undervalued
5. [A] for [B] with [C] into [D] from
6. [A] comfortable [B] weak [C] risky [D] firm
7. [A] loaf [B] feather [C] leaf [D] fog
8. [A] beneath [B] from [C] under [D] beyond
9. [A] dwarfs [B] giants [C] patients [D] princesses
10. [A] what [B] since [C] as [D] that
11. [A] So [B] But [C] Or [D] Then
12. [A] flakes [B] flocks [C] chips [D] cakes
13. [A] onto [B] against [C] off [D] along
14. [A] snow [B] earth [C] room [D] ice
15. [A] by [B] after [C] for [D] with
16. [A] climbing [B] crawling [C] winding [D] sliding
17. [A] meanwhile [B] unless [C] whereas [D] for
18. [A] sheer [B] mostly [C] rarely [D] right
19. [A] might [B] distance [C] air [D] power
20. [A] with [B] like [C] inside [D] upon
答案
1.C 2.B 3.A 4.A 5.A 6.D 7.B 8.C 9.B 10.C
11.D 12.C 13.C 14.C 15.A 16.D 17.D 18.D 19.B 20.A
總體分析
本文描述了在冰雪覆蓋的路面上開(kāi)車(chē)的經(jīng)歷。文章首句為主題句，概括了這種經(jīng)歷的特點(diǎn)是“令人非常緊張”。第二至四句分別介紹了下雪帶來(lái)的隱患和機(jī)器變得沒(méi)有多大用處。從第五句到文章最后則描述了在這種不利條件下和大卡車(chē)一同行駛的緊張經(jīng)歷。
全文翻譯
在暴風(fēng)雪中驅(qū)車(chē)長(zhǎng)距離地行駛于冰雪覆蓋的路面上是一種令人非常緊張的經(jīng)歷。矛盾的是雪一面輕輕地飄落，在強(qiáng)風(fēng)中愉快地吹著，一面又不斷地吹落可能帶來(lái)危險(xiǎn)的毯子，封凍窗戶(hù)，擋住視線。機(jī)器的力量被減弱了。馬、強(qiáng)有力的電子系統(tǒng)、深胎面的輪胎都毫無(wú)用處。一分鐘前路面還很結(jié)實(shí)，下一分鐘司機(jī)就在上面打滑，輕飄飄地，處于恐慌之中，想著從后面突然出現(xiàn)的笨重的掛了拖車(chē)的卡車(chē)會(huì)干出什么事情來(lái)。當(dāng)你不得不開(kāi)車(chē)經(jīng)過(guò)這些卡車(chē)時(shí)，它們就像巨人一般。這時(shí)你行駛的速度不是當(dāng)路面干燥時(shí)的60或70，而是25和30.并且它們的'引擎聽(tīng)起來(lái)極其刺耳。雪、泥和冰渣滓從輪子下噴灑出來(lái)，使擋風(fēng)玻璃變得模糊不清，然后格格作響地從車(chē)上掉下。卡車(chē)輪子下的空間很大，足以讓你滑進(jìn)去并被碾成肉醬。你一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)的往前挪動(dòng)，經(jīng)過(guò)卡車(chē)的后輪，中間的輪子，駕駛室，前輪，所有這一切都是極其緩慢地滑過(guò)去的。你繼續(xù)筆直地往前開(kāi)，因?yàn)橥蝗怀?chē)搶道到卡車(chē)前面會(huì)使你的車(chē)滑倒，正好倒在大卡車(chē)的前面。最后終于和卡車(chē)有了一段距離了，你才慢慢地往后挪，挪到另外一車(chē)道上，現(xiàn)在你行使在卡車(chē)的前面了，但是引擎的聲音仍然震耳欲聾。
訓(xùn)練二
SectionⅠUse of English
Directions：
Read the following text. Choose the best wordfrom each numbered blank and mark A，B，C or D on ANSWER SHEET.
Aging poses a serious challenge to OECDcountries，in particular，how to pay for future public pension liabilities. And early retirement places an__1__burden on pension financing. There is no easy solution，but__2__retirement could help.
Early retirement may seem like a worthy individual goal，but it is a socially__3__one，and makes the present public pension system difficult to sustain for long. The__4__reason is that more people are retiring early and living longer. That means more retirees depending on the__5__of those in work for their income. The__6__is worrying. In the next 50 years，low fertility rates and__7__life expectancy in OECD countries will cause this old-age dependency rate to roughly double__8__size. Public pension payments，which afford 30-80% of total retirement incomes in OECD countries，are__9__to rise，on average，by over three percentage points in GDP and by as much as eight percentage points in some countries.__10__is the pressure on pension funds that there is a danger of today‘s workers not getting the pensions they expected or felt they__11__for.
Action is needed，__12__simply aiming to reduce the__13__of public pensions，or trying to__14__the role of privately funded pensions within the system，though necessary steps，may be__15__to deal with the dependency challenge. After years of__16__early retirement schemes to avoid__17__and higher unemployment，many governments are now looking__18__persuading people to stay in work until they are older. Surely，the thinking goes，if we are healthier now and jobs are physically less__19__and unemployment is down，then perhaps the__20__rate should rise anew.
1.[A] unsolvable [B] additional [C] unsustainable [D] undue
2.[A] delaying [B] retaining [C] detaining [D] hindering
3.[A] ultimate [B] unattainable [C] specific [D] expensive
4.[A] substantial [B] essential [C] potential [D] controversial
5.[A] donating [B] sponsoring [C] subsidizing [D] funding
6.[A] outlook [B] outcome [C] outbreak [D] outset
7.[A] prolonging [B] expanding [C] soaring [D] rising
8.[A] in [B] on [C] by [D] for
9.[A] conceived [B] reckoned [C] expected [D] meant
10.[A] As [B] Such [C] So [D] It
11.[A] should pay [B] paying [C] be paid [D] would pay
12.[A] but [B] for [C] and [D] thus
13.[A] multitude [B] implementation [C] application [D] generosity
14.[A] exaggerate [B] augment [C] magnify [D] multiply
15.[A] insufficient [B] influential [C] inefficient [D] intrinsic
16.[A] advancing [B] previous [C] ahead [D] preceding
17.[A] suspensions [B] abundances [C] redundancies [D] discrepancies
18.[A] for [B] to [C] about [D] at
19.[A] turbulent [B] strenuous [C] compact [D] intricate
20.[A] dependency [B] fertility [C] present [D] mortality
答案
1.C 2.A 3.D 4.B 5.D 6.A 7.D 8.A 9.C 10.B
11.C 12.A 13.D 14.B 15.A 16.A 17.C 18.D 19.B 20.C
總體分析
本文主要討論了老齡化給經(jīng)合組織國(guó)家現(xiàn)存養(yǎng)老體系帶來(lái)的挑戰(zhàn)。文章第一段指出老齡化給經(jīng)合組織國(guó)家?guī)?lái)的挑戰(zhàn)，并提出推遲退休可能對(duì)解決該問(wèn)題有所幫助。第二段分析了早退休給養(yǎng)老體系帶來(lái)的問(wèn)題，即越來(lái)越多的人早退休而壽命延長(zhǎng)，隨著出生率的降低，就會(huì)有更多退休的人依靠更少工作的人來(lái)為他們養(yǎng)老，養(yǎng)老金在國(guó)家財(cái)政中所占的比例增加，成為無(wú)法承受的負(fù)擔(dān)。第三段探討了解決方法，指出僅僅減少公共養(yǎng)老金的數(shù)量，增加私有養(yǎng)老的比例是不夠的，許多政府在考慮說(shuō)服人們晚退休。
全文翻譯
老齡化給經(jīng)合組織國(guó)家，尤其是在如何支付未來(lái)的公共養(yǎng)老金負(fù)債方面，帶來(lái)了嚴(yán)重的挑戰(zhàn)。早退休給退休金的融資帶來(lái)了難以承受的負(fù)擔(dān)。沒(méi)有什么簡(jiǎn)單的解決方案，但推遲退休可能有所幫助。
早退休可能看起來(lái)是個(gè)值得追求的個(gè)人目標(biāo)，但對(duì)于社會(huì)來(lái)說(shuō)卻是昂貴的，它使當(dāng)前的公共養(yǎng)老金系統(tǒng)難以持久。基本原因是更多的人退休早而壽命卻更長(zhǎng)。這意味著更多的退休人員要依賴(lài)在職者的資助作為收入。這一前景是令人擔(dān)憂(yōu)的。未來(lái)50年，經(jīng)合組織國(guó)家的低出生率和預(yù)期壽命的增加將使這一老年依賴(lài)率提高大約一倍。占經(jīng)合組織國(guó)家全部退休收入30%-80%的公共退休金的支出，在國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值中的比例預(yù)期將平均增加超過(guò)三個(gè)百分點(diǎn)，而在有些國(guó)家甚至?xí)黾影藗�(gè)百分點(diǎn)。養(yǎng)老基金的壓力如此之大以至于現(xiàn)在的工人有得不到他們預(yù)期或認(rèn)為應(yīng)該得到的養(yǎng)老金的危險(xiǎn)。
行動(dòng)是必需的，但僅僅試圖減少公共養(yǎng)老金的慷慨度或增加系統(tǒng)內(nèi)私有養(yǎng)老金的作用，盡管是必要的，但在應(yīng)對(duì)這種依賴(lài)挑戰(zhàn)方面仍是不夠的。前些年為了避免下崗及高失業(yè)，政府采取提前早退休的方案，而現(xiàn)在許多政府正考慮勸說(shuō)人們晚點(diǎn)退休。當(dāng)然，他們是這么想的，如果現(xiàn)在我們更加健康了、工作對(duì)體力的要求降低了、失業(yè)率也降低了，那么出席率可能也該重新上升了。
訓(xùn)練三
SectionⅠUse of English
Directions：
Read the following text. Choose the best wordfrom each numbered blank and mark A，B，C or D on ANSWER SHEET.
As former colonists of Great Britain，the Founding Fathers of the United States adopted much of the legal system of Great Britain. We have a“common law”，or law made by courts__1__a monarch or other central governmental__2__like a legislature. The jury，a__3__of ordinary citizens chosen to decide a case，is an__4__ part of our common-law system.
Use of juries to decide cases is a__5__feature of the American legal system. Few other countries in the world use juries as we do in the United States.__6__the centuries，many people have believed that juries in most cases reach a fairer and more just result__7__would be obtained using a judge__8__，as many countries do.__9__a jury decides cases after“__10__”，or discussions among a group of people，the jury‘s decision is likely to have the__11__ from many different people from different backgrounds，who must as a group decide what is right.
Juries are used in both civil cases，which decide__12__ among__13__ citizens，and criminal cases，which decide cases brought by the government __14__ that individuals have committed crimes. Juries are selected from the U.S. citizens and__15__. Jurors，consisting of __16__ numbers，are called for each case requiring a jury.
The judge__17__to the case__18__the selection of jurors to serve as the jury for that case. In some states，__19__jurors are questioned by the judge;in others，they are questioned by the lawyers representing the__20__under rules dictated by state law.
1. [A] other than [B] rather than [C] more than [D] or rather
2. [A] agency [B] organization [C] institution [D] authority
3. [A] panel [B] crew [C] band [D] flock
4. [A] innate [B] intact [C] integral [D] integrated
5. [A]discriminating[B] distinguishing [C] determining [D] diminishing
6. [A] in [B] by [C] after [D] over
7. [A] that [B] which [C] than [D] as
8. [A] alike [B] alone [C] altogether [D] apart
9. [A] Although [B] Because [C] If [D] While
10.[A] deliberations [B] meditations [C] reflections [D] speculations
11.[A] outline [B] outcome [C] input [D] intake
12.[A] arguments [B] controversies [C] disputes [D] hostilities
13.[A] fellow [B] individual [C] personal [D] private
14.[A] asserting [B] alleging [C] maintaining [D] testifying
15.[A] assembled [B] evoked [C] rallied [D] summoned
16.[A] set [B] exact [C] given [D] placed
17.[A] allocated [B] allotted [C] appointed [D] assigned
18.[A] administers [B] manages [C] oversees [D] presides
19.[A] inspective [B] irrespective [C] perspective [D] prospective
20.[A] bodies [B] parties [C] sides [D] units
答案
1. B 2. D 3. A 4. C 5. B 6. D 7.C 8.B 9. B 10. A
11. C 12. C 13.D 14.B 15. D 16. A 17. D 18. C 19. D 20. B
總體分析
本文介紹了美國(guó)的陪審團(tuán)制度。第一段指出，陪審團(tuán)是美國(guó)共同法系統(tǒng)的基本組成部分。第二段分析了使用陪審團(tuán)的原因。第三和四段分別介紹了陪審團(tuán)的類(lèi)型和選舉程序。
全文翻譯
美國(guó)的建國(guó)之父?jìng)冏鳛榇笥⒌蹏?guó)的前殖民者沿襲了其法律系統(tǒng)。我們有“共同法”，即由法庭而非君主或其他像立法機(jī)關(guān)這樣的中央政府權(quán)利機(jī)關(guān)制定的法律。陪審團(tuán)由一群選來(lái)裁決案件的普通公民組成，是我們共同法系統(tǒng)基本的組成部分。
使用陪審團(tuán)裁決案件是美國(guó)法律系統(tǒng)的一個(gè)顯著特征。在世界上很少有其他國(guó)家和美國(guó)一樣使用陪審團(tuán)。幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來(lái)，許多人已經(jīng)相信在大多數(shù)情況下陪審團(tuán)比許多國(guó)家那樣單獨(dú)使用一位法官達(dá)成的結(jié)果更公平、公正。因?yàn)榕銓張F(tuán)裁決案件是在一群人“審議”或討論后，因此他們的決定可能受到不同背景的不同人的影響，這些人必須作為一個(gè)團(tuán)體來(lái)決定什么是正確的。
陪審團(tuán)既被用在裁決普通公民之間糾紛的民事案件中，也用在裁決政府提出訟訴聲稱(chēng)個(gè)人犯罪的刑事案件中。陪審團(tuán)成員從美國(guó)公民中選出并被傳喚。由固定人數(shù)組成的陪審團(tuán)在每一個(gè)需要陪審團(tuán)的案件中都會(huì)被召喚。
被指派負(fù)責(zé)案件的法官監(jiān)督陪審團(tuán)成員的選舉。在一些州，未來(lái)的陪審團(tuán)成員由法官詢(xún)問(wèn)，而在另一些州，他們遵照州法律規(guī)定的法規(guī)接受代表各方當(dāng)事人的律師的詢(xún)問(wèn)。
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