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2015年職稱英語(yǔ)《綜合A》考試答案之完型填空
2015年職稱英語(yǔ)《綜合A》完型填空原文出處，紅色為答案，最后一題記不清楚了。第四十九篇 The Beginning of American Literature
American has always been a land of beginnings. After Europeans “ discovered” America in the fifteenth century, the mysterious New World became for many people a genuine hope of a new life, an escape from poverty and persecution, a chance to start again. We can say that, as nation, America begins with that hope. When, however, does American literature begin?
American literature begins with American experiences. Long before the first colonists arrived, before Christopher Columbus, before the Northmen who found America about year 1,000, Native Americans lived here. Each tribe's literature was tightly woven into the fabric of daily life and reflected the unmistakably American experience of lining with the land. Another kind of experience, one filled with fear and excitement, found its expression in the reports that Columbus and other explorers sent home in Spain, French and English. In addition, the journals of the people who lived and died in the New England wilderness' tell unforgettable tales of hard end sometimes heartbreaking experiences of those early years.
Experience, then, is the key to early American literature. The New World provided a great variety of experiences, and experiences demanded a wide variety of expressions by an even wider variety of early American writers. These writers included John Smith, who spent only two-and-a-half year: on the American, continent. They included Jonathan Edwards and William Byrd，who thought of themselves as British subjects, never suspecting a revolution that would create a United States of America with a literature of its own. American Indians, explorers,Puritan ministers, frontier wives, plantation owner一they are all the creators of the first American literature.
詞匯：
colonist 殖民者 subject 臣民 Puritan 清教徒的
注釋：
1.Christopher Columbus：克里斯托弗·哥倫布，美洲新大陸的發(fā)現(xiàn)者
2.Each tribe's literature was tightly woven into the fabric of daily life and reflected the unmistakably American experience of lining with the land：每個(gè)部落的文學(xué)都緊密地交織到日常生活的架構(gòu)中去，反映了和土地密切相連的確鑿無(wú)疑的美洲生活經(jīng)歷。
3.New England wilderness：新英格蘭的荒原，新英格蘭指如今美國(guó)東北部的幾個(gè)州，為來(lái)自歐洲的殖民者最早定居的地區(qū)。
譯文：美洲文學(xué)的開(kāi)端
美洲一直是一個(gè)充滿新開(kāi)端的地方。15世紀(jì)歐洲發(fā)現(xiàn)美洲之后這個(gè)神奇的新世界給很多人提供了真正的新生活的希望，讓他們遠(yuǎn)離貧窮和迫害，開(kāi)始一次新生。我們可以說(shuō)美國(guó)是在這種對(duì)新生活的美好愿望中誕生的。那么美洲文學(xué)是何時(shí)開(kāi)始的呢?
美洲文學(xué)是在美洲生活經(jīng)歷中產(chǎn)生的。早在第一個(gè)殖民者踏上美洲大陸之前，在哥倫布到達(dá)這里之前，甚至1 000年北歐人聲稱發(fā)現(xiàn)了美洲之前，這塊土地上就有美洲印第安人居住。每個(gè)部落的文學(xué)都緊密地交織到日常生活的構(gòu)架中去，反映了和土地密切相連的確鑿無(wú)疑的美洲生活經(jīng)歷。另一種美洲經(jīng)歷是充滿恐懼又令人興奮的哥倫布及其他探險(xiǎn)家?guī)Щ丶亦l(xiāng)的用西班牙語(yǔ)，法語(yǔ)和英語(yǔ)成的報(bào)告。另外還有一些新英格蘭荒原-上生活的人在日記中記載了早時(shí)那難忘的困苦以及有時(shí)讓人心痛的經(jīng)歷。
美洲的生活經(jīng)歷是美洲早期文學(xué)產(chǎn)生的關(guān)鍵因素。這個(gè)新世界給人們提供了各種各樣的生活經(jīng)歷，這就需要大量的美洲早期文學(xué)家用各種各樣的方式來(lái)描述美洲生活。這些文學(xué)家包括僅在美洲居住兩年半的約翰?史密斯，還有約翰遜?愛(ài)德華和維廉姆?白伊德。這兩位自認(rèn)為是大英帝國(guó)臣民的英國(guó)作家對(duì)一場(chǎng)將會(huì)創(chuàng)造出一個(gè)擁有自己文學(xué)的美利堅(jiān)合眾國(guó)的革命從來(lái)沒(méi)有任何懷疑。不管是美洲印第安人，探險(xiǎn)家，還是清教徒，新派妻子，農(nóng)場(chǎng)主等等，他們都是最初美洲文學(xué)的創(chuàng)造者。
(注：以上答案均屬于網(wǎng)友版，僅供參考！)
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