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2017職稱英語(yǔ)考試?yán)砉級(jí)模擬題(閱讀理解)
2017年職稱英語(yǔ)考試備考正在進(jìn)行中，為了提高大家學(xué)習(xí)的積極性，下面是yjbys網(wǎng)小編提供給大家關(guān)于職稱英語(yǔ)考試?yán)砉級(jí)模擬題(閱讀理解)，希望大家認(rèn)真練習(xí)。
第4部分：閱讀理解(第31——45題，每題3分，共45分)
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題。請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，為每題確定l個(gè)最佳選項(xiàng)。
第一篇
Privacy in the 21st Century
Someday a stranger will read your e-mail without your permission or scan the Websites you've visited, or perhaps someone will casually glance through your credit card purchases or cell phone bills to find out your shopping preferences or calling habits.
In fact, it's likely some of these things have already happened to you. Who would watch you without your permission.0 It might be a spouse, a girlfriend, a marketing company, a boss, a cop or a criminal. Whoever it is, they will see you in a way you never intended to be seen--the 21st century equivalent of being caught naked.
Psychologists tell us boundaries are healthy, that it's important to reveal yourself to friends,family and lovers in stages, at appropriate times. But few boundaries remain. The digital bread crumbs (碎屑) you leave everywhere make it easy for strangers to reconstruct who you are, where you are and what you like. In some cases, a simple Google search can reveal what you think. Like it or not, increasingly we live in a world where you simply cannot keep a secret.
The key question is: Does that matter? For many Americans, the answer apparently is "no".
When opinion polls ask Americans about privacy, most say they are concerned about losing it.
A survey found an overwhelming pessimism about privacy, with 60 percent of respondents saying they feel their privacy is "slipping away, and that bothers me".
But people say one thing and do another. Only a tiny fraction of Americans change any behaviors in an effort to preserve their privacy. Few people turn down a discount at tollbooths (收費(fèi)站 ) to avoid using the EZ-Pass system that can track automobile movements. And few turn down supermarket loyalty cards. Privacy economist Alessandro Acquisti has run a series of tests that reveal people will surrender personal information like Social Security numbers just to get their hands on a pitiful 50-cents-off coupon (優(yōu)惠劵) .
But privacy does matter--at least sometimes. It's like health: When you have it you don't notice it. Only when it's gone do you wish you'd done more to protect it.
31. Why does the author list several cases that your information can be accessed without your permission?
A. To introduce the topic.
B. To remind the importance of privacy.
C. To inform what 21 st century is like.
D. To call for the action against the spread of website.
32. What does the author mean by saying "the 21st century equivalent of being caught naked"?
A. People's personal information is easily accessed without their knowledge.
B. In the 21st century people try every means to look into others' secrets.
C. People tend to be more frank with each other in the information age.
D. Criminals are easily caught on the spot with advanced technology.
33. What would psychologists advise on the relationships between friends?
A. Friends should open their hearts to each other.
B. Friends should always be faithful to each other.
C. There should be a distance even between friends.
D. There should be fewer disputes between friends.
34. Why does the author say "we live in a world where you simply cannot keep a secret"?
A. Modem society has finally evolved into an open society.
B. People leave traces around when using modem technology.
C. There are always people who are curious about others' affairs.
D. Many search engines profit by revealing people's identities.
35. What do most Americans do with regard to privacy protection?
A. They change behaviors that might disclose their identity.
B. They use various loyalty cards for business transactions.
C. They rely more and more on electronic devices.
D. They talk a lot but hardly do anything about it.
第二篇
The Supermarket
You may have wondered why the supermarkets are all the same. It is not because the companies that operate them lack imagination. It is because they all aim at persuading people to buy things.
In the supermarket, it takes a while for the mind to get into a shopping mode. This is why the area immediately inside the entrance is known as the "decompression zone". People need to slow down and look around, even if they are regulars. In sales terms this area is bit of a loss, so it tends to be used more for promotion.
Immediately inside the first thing shoppers may come to is the fresh fruit and vegetables section. For shoppers, this makes no sense. Fruit and vegetables can be easily damaged, so they should be bought at the end, not the beginning, of a shopping trip. But what is at work here? It turns out that selecting good fresh food is a way to start shopping, and it makes people feel less guilty about reaching for the unhealthy stuff later on.
Shoppers already know that everyday items, like milk, are invariably placed towards the back of a store to provide more opportunities to tempt customers. But supermarkets know shoppers know this, so they use other tricks, like placing popular items halfway along a section so that people have to walk all along the aisle looking for them. The idea is to boost "dwell time": the length of time people spend in a store.
Traditionally retailers measure "football" as the number of people entering a store is known,but those numbers say nothing about where people go and how long they spend there. But nowadays, a piece of technology can fill the gap: the mobile phone. Path Intelligence, a British company tracked people's phones at Gunwharf Quays, a large retailer centre in Portsmouth—not by monitoring calls, but by plotting the positions of handsets as they transmit automatically to cellular networks. It found that when dwell time rose l minute, sales rose 1.3%.
Such techniques are increasingly popular because of a deepening understanding about how shoppers make choices. People tell market researchers that they make rational decisions about what to buy, considering things like price, selection or convenience. But subconscious forces, involving emotion and memories, are clearly also at work.
36. In Paragraph 2, "decompression zone" is the area meant to
A. prepare shoppers for the mood of buying.
B. offer shoppers a place to have a rest.
C. encourage shoppers to try new products.
D. provide shoppers with discount information.
37. Putting fruit-and-vegetable section near the entrance takes advantage of shoppers'_________.
A. common sense.
B. shopping habits.
C. shopping psychology.
D. concerns with time.
38. Path intelligence uses a technology to
A. measure how long people stay at a store.
B. count how many people enter a store.
C. find out what people buy in a store.
D. monitor what people say and do in a store.
39. What happened at Gunwharf Quays showed that sales
A. was reversely linked to dwell time.
B. was in direct proportion to dwell time.
C. was affected more by football than by dwell time.
D. was affected more by dwell time than by football.
40. The author argues that shoppers
A. exert more influence on stores than they imagine.
B. are more likely to make rational choices than they know.
C. have more control over what they buy than they assume.
D. tend to make more emotional decisions than they think.
第三篇
Graphene's Superstrength.
Big technology comes in tiny packages. New cell phones and personal computers get smaller every year, which means these electronics require even smaller components on the inside.
Engineers are looking for creative ways to build these components, and they've turned their eyes to graphene, a superthin material, made of carbon, that could change the future of electronics.
This year's Nobel Prize for Physics has been awarded to Andre Geim and Kostya Novoselov from the University of Manchester, UK. for the discovery of graphene. Graphene isn't just small,it's "the thinnest possible material in this world," says Novoselov. He calls it a "wonder material".
It's so thin that you would need to stack about 25,000 sheets just to make a pile as thick as a piece of ordinary white paper. If you were to hold a sheet of graphene in your fingers, you'd have no idea because you wouldn't be able to see it.
Carbon is one of the most abundant elements in the universe. Every known kind of life contains carbon. Graphene is a sheet of carbon, but only one atom thick. You don't have to look far to find graphene -- it's all around you.
If you want this high-tech wonderstuff (神奇物), all you need is a pencil, paper and a little adhesive tape. Use the pencil to shade a small area on the paper, and then apply a small piece of adhesive tape over the area. When you pull up the tape, you'll see that it pulls up a thin layer of some of the shading from your pencil. That layer is called graphite, one of the softest minerals in the world.
Now stick the same piece of tape on another sheet of paper and pull the tape up- there should be an even thinner layer, this time left on the paper. Now imagine that you do this over and over, until you get the thinnest possible layer of material on the paper. This layer would be only one atom thick, and you wouldn't be able to see it. Graphite is made of layers of grapheme, so when you get to the thinnest possible layer, you've found graphene.
41. What would change the future of electronics according to engineers?
A. Big technology.
B. Creative ways.
C. Graphene.
D. Both A and B.
42. According to the second and third paragraphs, what is true of graphene?
A. It can be used to make paper.
B. It is possible to see it with our naked eye.
C. It is easy to find graphene.
D. It is possibly the thickest material in the world.
43. Which of the following can be used to replace the word "apply" in Paragraph 4?
A. request.
B. polish.
C. use.
D. put.
44. Which of the following is NOT meant in the last two paragraphs?
A. Graphene is made of graphite, one of the softest materials in the world.
B. Graphite is made of layers of graphene, the thinnest material in the world.
C. When we get to the thinnest possible layer of graphite, we find graphene.
D. With a pencil, a sheet of paper and a piece of adhesive tape, we can find graphene.
45. Graphene's superstrength lies in the fact that
A. It is the thinnest material in the world.
B. It is made of the most abundant elements in the world.
C. It can help to make electronic components smaller.
D. It helps engineers to produce more sensitive electronic products.
答案與解析：
第一篇
31.A。推理題。題干：為什么作者會(huì)列出幾個(gè)你的信息在未經(jīng)許可而被獲取的例子?本文開(kāi)頭作者先舉了一些例子來(lái)說(shuō)明21世紀(jì)個(gè)人信息很容易泄漏來(lái)引入話題，故答案為A。
32.A。詞組題。題干：作者說(shuō)“21世紀(jì)等同于裸露”是什么意思?由題干中的naked，即“赤裸裸的，暴露無(wú)遺的”，可猜知這句話的意思為“21世紀(jì)人們的個(gè)人信息總是在無(wú)意間被別人獲取”，故答案為A。
33.C。推理題。題干：心理學(xué)家會(huì)對(duì)朋友關(guān)系作何建議?由“Psychologists tell us boundaries are healthy,that it's important to reveal yourself to friends，family and lovers in stages，at appropriate times.”可知，即使是朋友之間也要保持一定的距離，故答案為C。
34.B。細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：為什么作者說(shuō)“我們生活在一個(gè)不能保守秘密的世界里”?由“The digital bread crumbs(碎屑)you leave everywhere make it easy for strangers to reconstruct who you are.where vOU are and what you like.”可知，人們?cè)谑褂矛F(xiàn)代科技的同時(shí)將個(gè)人 信息泄露了，故答案為B。
35.D。細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：美國(guó)人會(huì)如何保護(hù)自己的隱私?由“But people say one thing and do another.”可知，他們說(shuō)了很多，但基本上什么都沒(méi)做，故答案為D。
第二篇
36.A。細(xì)節(jié)題。句意：第二段“decompression zone”指的區(qū)域是___________。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞“decompression zone”可以定位到第二段。該段指出，“在超市里，顧客靜下心來(lái)購(gòu)物需要花點(diǎn)時(shí)間。這就是為什么一進(jìn)超市就有一塊被稱為decompression zone的地方”。由此可知，“休閑地帶”的作用是為人們盡快進(jìn)入購(gòu)物狀態(tài)做好準(zhǔn)備，故答案為A(讓人們作好購(gòu)物準(zhǔn)備)。
37.C。細(xì)節(jié)題。句意：把水果和蔬菜放在靠近入口的地方是利用了顧客的___________。由food和fruit可以定位到第三段。該段指出，“結(jié)果是挑選食物是購(gòu)物開(kāi)始的方式，這讓人們后來(lái)買些不太健康的東西的負(fù)罪感也會(huì)少一點(diǎn)”。由此可知，這是利用了消費(fèi)者的購(gòu)物心理，故正確選項(xiàng)為C(購(gòu)物心理)。
38 A。細(xì)節(jié)題。句意：道路智能(Path intelligence)使用一項(xiàng)技術(shù)來(lái)___________。由題干關(guān)鍵詞Path intelligence可以定位到第五段。該段指出，“Path intelligence不是通過(guò)檢測(cè)電話，而是利用手機(jī)技術(shù)來(lái)跟蹤用戶的位置。結(jié)果他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，顧客在店內(nèi)的逗留時(shí)間每增加1%，銷售額就會(huì)增長(zhǎng)1.3%”。由此可知，這項(xiàng)技術(shù)是用來(lái)測(cè)量顧客在店內(nèi)逗留時(shí)間長(zhǎng)短的，故正確選項(xiàng)為B。
39.B。細(xì)節(jié)題。句意：GunwharfQuays發(fā)生的事情表明銷售___________。由GunwharfQuays可以定位到第五段“It found that when dwell time rose 1 minute，sales rose 1.3%.”，意為“顧客在店內(nèi)的逗留時(shí)間每增加l分鐘，銷售額就會(huì)增長(zhǎng)1.3%”。由此可知，顧客在商店逗留的時(shí)間與商店的銷售額成正比，故正確選項(xiàng)為B。
40.D。細(xì)節(jié)題。句意：作者認(rèn)為購(gòu)物者_(dá)__________。這個(gè)題定位題干不好定位，所以改為定位四個(gè)選項(xiàng)。分別定位四個(gè)選項(xiàng)可以定位到文章最后——段，意為“這樣的技術(shù)越來(lái)越受歡迎是因?yàn)檫@加深了對(duì)顧客如何作決定的理解。人們告訴市場(chǎng)研究者說(shuō)，他們對(duì)買什么做出了理智的決定，包括考慮價(jià)格、選擇貨品以及方便等。但是，包括情感和記憶的潛意識(shí)同樣也會(huì)影響人們的選擇”。由此，作者認(rèn)為人們?cè)谫?gòu)物時(shí)比他們想象的要感性得多，故正確選項(xiàng)為D。
第三篇
41.C。細(xì)節(jié)題。句意：據(jù)工程師們的說(shuō)法，什么會(huì)改變電子產(chǎn)品的將來(lái)?第一段最后一句提供了答案：工程師將眼光投向石墨烯，一種由碳原子組成的超薄材料，這種材料能夠改變電子產(chǎn)品的未來(lái)。故選C。
42.c。細(xì)節(jié)題。句意：根據(jù)第二、三段所述，關(guān)于石墨烯的描述哪一句是真的?第二段倒數(shù)第二句告訴我們，25 000層石墨烯才能堆砌成一張普通白紙的厚度，這是為了說(shuō)明石墨烯是多么的薄，而不是說(shuō)它可以用來(lái)造紙，所以A不是正確答案;第三段最后一句說(shuō)明石墨烯就在我們周圍，因此C是答案;B和D的表述內(nèi)容都與該兩段內(nèi)容不符合。
43.D。詞匯題。句意：下列哪個(gè)單詞能替換“apply”?apply…over意為“將……涂(敷)在……上”;因此D為正確選項(xiàng)。
44.A。細(xì)節(jié)題。句意：下列哪一個(gè)不是最后兩段暗含的意思?最后兩段告訴我們，用一張紙、一支鉛筆和一片膠帶就能找到石墨烯;無(wú)數(shù)層石墨烯構(gòu)成石墨，當(dāng)鉛筆留在紙上的石墨被膠帶剝離到最薄一層時(shí)，我們就得到了石墨烯。因此只有A不是最后兩段的表述內(nèi)容，故選A。
45.C。細(xì)節(jié)題。句意：石墨烯的超能在于___________。第一段提供了答案：隨著電子產(chǎn)品越來(lái)越小，我們需要更小的電子組件(components)，而石墨烯作為碳原子組成的超薄材料，滿足這個(gè)要求。故選C。
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