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雅思作文寫作素材：霧霾
“霧霾”一詞儼然成為近年來的關(guān)鍵詞，各種寫作中步伐討論霧霾的言論，為了幫助大家備考雅思，小編整理了一些關(guān)于霧霾的英語素材，歡迎大家閱讀!
自從2012年底以來，一種叫做“霧霾”的天氣席卷中國，引起人們對這一污染性天氣的重視，“霧霾”一詞儼然成為近年來的關(guān)鍵詞。
For nearly 15 years the Chinese government has been talking about improving the air quality in Beijing, and by its own measures it seems to have done a pretty good job.
近15年來，政府一直在談?wù)摳纳票本┑目諝赓|(zhì)量，按照政府自己的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，它似乎取得了不錯的成就。
Since the city launched a campaign in 1998 to clean up the atmosphere, the number of “blue sky days” recorded by the government increased each year until 2011, when it achieved a record 286 days with supposedly clean air, compared with 100 in 1998.
自北京市在1998年發(fā)起凈化大氣的行動以來，政府記錄的“藍天日”(在這些日子，北京的空氣理應(yīng)是清潔的)數(shù)量截止2011年逐年增加，從1998年的100天，增至2011年創(chuàng)紀(jì)錄的286天。
But as anyone who has lived for long in Beijing can attest, “blue sky” is a somewhat redundant concept when applied to the celestial capital.
但正如任何長住北京的人都能證明的，就這個天朝之都而言，“藍天”是一個多少有點多余的概念。
Over the weekend, air pollution readings in the city were the worst since records began about four years ago, with the concentration of fine particulates reaching a level 75 times greater than that considered healthy under the latest US standards.
在剛剛過去的這個周末，北京市的空氣污染指數(shù)達到自大約4年前開始記錄以來最糟糕的水平，其中微粒濃度超過美國最新健康安全標(biāo)準(zhǔn)75倍。
A thick layer of toxic fog blanketing Beijing for days blotted out the sun and disrupted traffic as residents were warned to stay inside and avoid any strenuous activity to minimise their exposure to the hazardous fumes.
一層濃密的有害霧霾連續(xù)數(shù)天籠罩著北京，遮住太陽，妨礙著交通，市民被告知盡量不要外出，并避免從事重體力活動，以盡量減少人們吸入的有害煙霧。
Despite years of official rhetoric and a couple of years when there was a noticeable improvement, the air seems to be getting worse and could even present the new administration of Xi Jinping with a credibility crisis. Chinese and international experts say one of the biggest problems the government faces is the willingness of officials at all levels to sacrifice environmental concerns for the overriding imperative of economic growth.
盡管官方談?wù)摱嗄�，其中還曾有兩年出現(xiàn)明顯好轉(zhuǎn)，但總體而言北京的空氣似乎正在變糟，這甚至有可能給政府帶來一場可信度危機。中國和國際專家表示，政府面臨的最大問題之一是，各級官員為了實現(xiàn)壓倒一切的經(jīng)濟增長目標(biāo)，而不惜犧牲環(huán)保擔(dān)憂。
A lack of accountability, the weakness of agencies tasked with tackling the issue and the ease with which data collection and presentation is manipulated all compound the problem.
缺乏問責(zé)制度，環(huán)保部門沒有實權(quán)，以及數(shù)據(jù)的采集和報告輕易受到操縱，都加劇了這個問題。
“China’s national leaders have ordered an improvement in air quality but thanks to misreporting and manipulation of data at the lower levels, they often aren’t aware of the severity of the problem,” says Steven Andrews, an environmental consultant who exposed official manipulation of air pollution data in Beijing in the run-up to the 2008 Olympic Games.
“中國的國家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人下令改善空氣質(zhì)量，但由于下級誤報和操縱數(shù)據(jù)，他們往往不了解問題的嚴(yán)重程度，”環(huán)境顧問史蒂文·安德魯斯(Steven Andrews)表示。他曾揭露，2008年奧運會之前，官方操縱了北京的空氣污染數(shù)據(jù)。
“For lower-level officials, they can often get the same results by manipulating the data as they do by enforcing emissions standards.”
“對下級官員來說，操縱數(shù)據(jù)往往就能得到與執(zhí)行排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)相同的結(jié)果�！�
Since enforcing these standards means confronting powerful state enterprises and power producers – many of which have emissions-treatment equipment installed but choose not to use it because of costs – many officials prefer to massage the numbers, Mr Andrews says.
安德魯斯稱，由于執(zhí)行此類標(biāo)準(zhǔn)意味著叫板強大的國有企業(yè)和發(fā)電企業(yè)(其中很多企業(yè)安裝了排放處理設(shè)備，但出于成本考慮而選擇不使用這些設(shè)備)，因此許多官員寧愿操縱數(shù)據(jù)。
Chinese scientists who have conducted independent studies on air quality say all sorts of tricks are used by the authorities in order to provide data that show improvements.
曾進行獨立空氣質(zhì)量研究的中國科學(xué)家表示，為了拿出顯示好轉(zhuǎn)的數(shù)據(jù)，官方使出種種伎倆。
These range from blatantly changing the readings to putting city air monitoring stations in places where pollution levels are lowest, such as in parks.
這些伎倆包括悍然改動讀數(shù)，以及把市區(qū)的空氣監(jiān)測站放在公園等污染水平最低的地點。
Another problem is that China’s definition of unhealthy pollution levels seems designed to downplay the issue – the highest concentration of toxic particulates regarded as “excellent” in China is three times higher than the US considers healthy.
另一個問題是，中國對不健康污染水平的定義，似乎意在淡化問題——中國“優(yōu)”等空氣質(zhì)量的有毒顆粒物濃度上限是美國健康安全標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的3倍。
That many Beijing residents are even aware the “fog”?they?breathe is bad for them already marks a huge leap forward compared with just one year ago.
許多北京市民現(xiàn)在意識到，他們吸入的“霧”對健康是有害的。與一年前相比，這已經(jīng)標(biāo)志著一大進步。
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