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公共英語

最新分詞用法詳解

時(shí)間:2024-08-05 23:40:52 公共英語 我要投稿
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最新分詞用法詳解

  想要學(xué)好英語怎么能不了解分詞的用法呢?下面就讓小編為大家詳解一下吧。

  (1)表示過程

  Don't talk while having dinner.? 吃飯時(shí)不要說話。

  When crossing the street, do be careful.? 過馬路時(shí)要小心。

  (2)表示原因

  表示原因的分詞短語一般置于句首。

  Having lived in London for years, I almost know every place quite well.? 在倫敦住過多年,我?guī)缀鯇?duì)每個(gè)地方都很熟悉。

  Seriously injured, he had to be taken to hospital.? 由于傷得嚴(yán)重,只好把他送往醫(yī)院。

  (3)表示結(jié)果

  The fire lasted nearly a month, leaving nothing valuable.? 大火持續(xù)了近一個(gè)月,幾乎沒剩下什么有用的東西。

  Football is played in more than 80 countries, making it a popular sport.? 80多個(gè)國家都踢足球,因此足球成了一種很流行的運(yùn)動(dòng)。

  (4)表示方式

  I stood by the door, not daring to say a word.? 我站在門旁,不敢說一句話。

  (5)表示條件

  United, we stand; divided, we fall.? 聯(lián)合起來我們就能站立,分裂我們必然倒下。

  Being more careful, you can make fewer mistakes.? 如果你更細(xì)心,你會(huì)犯更少的錯(cuò)誤。

  強(qiáng)調(diào)條件時(shí),可以在前面加上unless, once等。如:

  You shouldn't come in unless asked to.? 不讓你進(jìn)來你不準(zhǔn)進(jìn)來。

  Once losing this chance, you can't easily find it.? 一旦失去這次機(jī)會(huì)你就很難找回。

  二、分詞的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)

  分詞短語作狀語時(shí),其邏輯主語就是句子的主語,否則,就必須在分詞前另加上自己的邏輯主語(名詞或主格代詞)的這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)叫獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)或分詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。

  1、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)常放在句首。表示時(shí)間、條件、原因時(shí),其作用分別相當(dāng)于個(gè)時(shí)間、條件、原因狀語從名句。表示伴隨方式時(shí),相當(dāng)于一個(gè)并列句。如:

  Supper finished (=After supper was finished), we started to discuss the picnic.? 吃完晚飯,我們開始討論野餐的事。

  All the tickets having been sold out (=As all the tickets having been sold out), we had to wait for the next week's show.? 所有的票都賣出去了,我們只好等著看下周的演出。

  2、表示獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中的being常省略。如:

  The football match (being) over, crowds of people poured out into the steet.? 足球賽五結(jié)束,從群便涌到大街上。

  Nobody (being) in, I didn't enter the hall.??? 里面沒有人,我沒進(jìn)大廳。

  3、表示伴隨方式的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu),有時(shí)可用“with+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語”的結(jié)構(gòu)來替換。如:

  He lay there thinking, his hands behind his head (with his hands behind his head).? 他雙手放在頭下,躺在那里思考著。

  The river looks more beautiful, flowers and grass growing on both sides(=with flowers and grass growing on both sides).? 這條河看上去更加漂亮,因?yàn)閮砂堕L滿了鮮花和綠草。

  with+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語的結(jié)構(gòu)是英語中常見常用的結(jié)構(gòu),其賓語補(bǔ)足語可以是現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞、不定式、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語等,在句中可作定語,也可作狀語,表示原因、方式等。如:

  The children looked at us, with their eyes opening wide.? 孩子們眼睛睜得大大地看著我。

  I would miss the train, with no one to wake me up.? 沒人叫我,我會(huì)錯(cuò)過火車的。

  The river with grass and flowers on both sides runs through our schoolyard.? 這條兩河兩岸長滿鮮花和綠草正從我們校園穿過。

  With the examinations over, we had a long time to rest.? 考試結(jié)束了,我們有一段長長的時(shí)間可以休息。

  4、有些慣用的分詞短語在句里可以沒有邏輯上的主語而獨(dú)立存在,它們往往作為句子的獨(dú)立成分來修飾全句。如:

  generally/strictly/roughly/broadly/narrowly speaking, judging from/by, considering, supposing, providing, provided等。如:

  Talking of the computer, I like it very much.? 談到電腦,我非常喜歡。

  Considering the time, we have decided to start early tomorrow morning.? 考試到時(shí)間,我們已經(jīng)決定明早一早出發(fā)。

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