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基礎(chǔ)英語

英語狀語從句的用法歸納

時(shí)間:2023-07-19 10:21:51 賽賽 基礎(chǔ)英語 我要投稿
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英語狀語從句的用法歸納

  狀語從句是高中英語學(xué)習(xí)中的一個(gè)語法重點(diǎn),也是歷年高考重點(diǎn)考查的內(nèi)容之一。引導(dǎo)狀語從句的詞語叫從屬連詞。不同作用的狀語從句通常由不同的從屬連詞來引導(dǎo)。以下是小編整理的英語狀語從句的用法歸納,希望對(duì)大家有所幫助。

英語狀語從句的用法歸納

   一、概說

  狀語從句即指在主從復(fù)合句用作狀語的從句。按照其意義,狀語從句可分為時(shí)間狀語從句、地點(diǎn)狀語從句、原因狀語從句、目的狀語從句、結(jié)果狀語從句、條件狀語從句、讓步狀語從句等。狀語從句是高中英語學(xué)習(xí)中的一個(gè)語法重點(diǎn),也是歷年高考重點(diǎn)考查的內(nèi)容之一。學(xué)習(xí)狀語從句主要應(yīng)注意引導(dǎo)狀語從句的從屬連詞的用法與區(qū)別,以及從屬連詞在一定的語言環(huán)境中的意義與用法。

   二、時(shí)間狀語從句

  1. 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句的從屬連詞很多,常見的有before, after, when, while, as, since, till, until, as soon as 等。

  2. 表示“當(dāng)…時(shí)候”的 while, when, as 的用法區(qū)別是:while從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞;表示帶有規(guī)律性的“每當(dāng)”或當(dāng)主、從句謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生有先后時(shí),只能用 when;當(dāng)表示“一邊…一邊…”或“隨著”時(shí),只能用 as。另外,用于此義的 as 所引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句謂語只能是動(dòng)作動(dòng)詞,不能是狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞。如下面一道高考題的答案是 B 而不能是A:

  “I’m going to the post office.” “_____ you’re there, can you get me some stamps?”

  A. As B. While C. Because D. If

  3. until 在肯定句中通常只連用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,表示相應(yīng)動(dòng)作結(jié)束的時(shí)間;在否定句中通常連用非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,表示相應(yīng)動(dòng)作開始的時(shí)間,意為“直到…才”。如:

  He waited until she was about to leave. 他等著一直到她準(zhǔn)備離開。

  I did not begin to work till he had gone. 他走了后我才開始工作。

  4. 表示“一…就”除用 as soon as 外,還可用 the minute, the second, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly, no sooner…than, hardly…when 等。如:

  I came immediately you called. 你一來電話我就來了。

  Hardly had she arrived when it began to snow. 她剛到就下起雪來了。

  The moment I have finished Ill give you a call. 我一干完就給你打電話。

  5. every time, each time, (the) next time, (the) last time, by the time, the first time, any time 等以 time 結(jié)尾的詞語也可用作連詞,引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。如:

  Next time you come in, please close the door. 下次你進(jìn)來,請(qǐng)關(guān)門。

  He didn’t tell me anything the last time I saw him. 上次我見到他時(shí)他什么也沒告訴我。

  By the time I got home, she had already gone to bed. 我到家時(shí)她已睡覺了。

   三、條件狀語從句

  1. 引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的從屬連詞主要有 if, unless, as [so] long as等。如:

  Don’t come unless I telephone. 除非我打電話,否則你別來。

  If you watch carefully you will see how to do it. 如果你仔細(xì)瞧你會(huì)看出該怎樣做。

  As long as you do your best, we’ll be happy. 只要你盡力,我們就滿意了。

  2. in case 也可引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句,其意為“如果”、“萬一”。如:

  In case I forget, please remind me about it. 如果我忘了,請(qǐng)?zhí)嵝盐摇?/p>

   四、讓步狀語從句

  1. 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的從屬連詞主要有 although, though, however (=no matter how), even if(即使), whether…or(不論…還是)等連詞。如:

  The speech is good, though it could be better. 這次演講不錯(cuò),雖然還可以再好一點(diǎn)。

  He went out even though it was raining. 盡管下雨,他還是出去了。

  2. as 也可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句,但要將名詞、形容詞或副詞等提到 as 前,若提前的是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,要省略 a / an。如:

  Teacher as he is, he can’t know everything. 雖然是老師,他也不可能什么都懂。

  3. 連詞 while 有時(shí)也可表示“盡管”、“雖然”,引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。如:

  While we don’t agree we continue to be friends. 盡管我們意見不同,我們還是朋友。

  4. whatever, whoever, however, whenever, wherever 等引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。如:

  Don’t lose heart whatever you do. 不管你做什么,都不要灰心。

  Whoever you are, you can’t pass this way. 不管你是誰,你都不能從這里通過。

  注:表示“雖然”的 though, although 不可與 but 連用,但可與 yet, still 連用。

   五、原因狀語從句

  1. 引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句的從屬連詞主要有because, as, since, seeing (that), now (that)等:

  They can’t have gone out because the light’s on. 他們不可能出去了,因?yàn)闊暨亮著。

  Since you are going, I will go. 既然你去,我也去。

  Now that we are alone, we can speak freely. 現(xiàn)在我們單獨(dú)在一起,可以隨便談了。

  2. 除以上提到的大家比較熟悉的引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句的從屬連詞外,when有時(shí)也可引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句,其意“既然”。如:

  I can’t tell you when you wont listen. 既然你不想聽,我就不告訴你了。

  3. 有關(guān)原因狀語從句還應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn):

  (1) as 與 since, now that 一樣表示雙方都知道的原因,通常位于主句前,且均不可用于強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)被強(qiáng)調(diào)。

  (2) 當(dāng)表示直接的因果關(guān)系,回答 why 時(shí),或有 only, just, all, partly, not, but 等副詞修飾時(shí),或用在強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)中都只能用 because。

  (3) for 有時(shí)也可引出表示原因的分句,但它只能位于后面,對(duì)前一分句加以解釋或推斷。

  (4) 不要受漢語意思影響將表示“因?yàn)椤钡倪B詞與表示“所以”的 so 連用。

   六、地點(diǎn)狀語從句

  引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語從句的從屬連詞主要有where (在…的地方), wherever(無論什么地方), everywhere(每個(gè)…地方), anywhere(任何…地方)。如:

  I’m not living where I was. 我不在原處住了。

  You can’t camp where [wherever, anywhere] you like these days. 如今你可不能隨便在哪兒宿營。

  Everywhere I go, I find the same thing. 不管我走到哪里,我都發(fā)現(xiàn)同樣情況。

  2. 有的同學(xué)認(rèn)為地點(diǎn)狀語從句在平時(shí)見得不多,誤認(rèn)為考試不會(huì)涉及,但恰恰相反,地點(diǎn)狀語從句卻是英語考試經(jīng)?疾榈囊粋(gè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)。請(qǐng)看以下考題:

  (1) When you read the book, you’d better make a mark _____ you have any questions.

  A. at which B. at where C. the place where D. where

  (2) After the war, a new school building was put up _____ there had once been a theatre.

  A. that B. where C. which D. when

  (3) You should make it a rule to leave things _____ you can find them again.

  A. when B. where C. then D. there

  (4) She found her calculator ______ she lost it.

  A. where B. when C. in which D. that

  以上四題均選where,其意為“在…的地方”,用以引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語從句。

   七、目的狀語從句

  1. 引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句的從屬連詞主要有 in order that, so that, in case, for fear等。如:

  I hired a boat so that I could go fishing. 我租了一條船去釣魚。

  Take your coat in case it rains (should rain). 帶著雨衣以防下雨。

  He studied hard in order that he could pass the exam. 他努力學(xué)習(xí),是為了能通過考試。

  2. 引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句的 so that 有時(shí)可省so 或 that,即單獨(dú)用 so 或 that 來引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句。如:

  Check carefully, so any mistake will be caught. 仔細(xì)檢查,以便任何錯(cuò)誤都可檢查出。

  Bring it closer that I might see it better. 拿近些,使我能看得清楚些。

   八、結(jié)果狀語從句

  引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句的從屬連詞主要有so that, so…that, such…that等。如:

  He was so angry that he couldnt speak. 他氣得話都說不出來。

  He shut the window with such force that the glass broke. 他關(guān)窗子用力很大,結(jié)果玻璃震破了。

  注:so…that和such…that中的that有時(shí)(尤其在口語中)可省略。

  方式狀語從句的英語常見用法

  一、狀語從句中的方式狀語從句通常由as, (just) as…so…, as if, as though, by引導(dǎo)。

  1、由as, (just) as…so…引導(dǎo)

  as, (just) as…so…引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句通常位于主句后,但在(just) as…so…結(jié)構(gòu)中位于句首,這時(shí)as從句帶有比喻的含義,意思是"正如…","就像",多用于正式文體,例如:

  1)Always do to the others as you would be done by.

  你希望人家怎樣待你,你就要怎樣待人。

  2)As water is to fish, so air is to man.

  我們離不開空氣,猶如魚兒離不開水。

  3) You must try to hold the tool as I do.

  你必須像我這樣拿工具?

  4) Leave the things as they are.

  別動(dòng)這些東西?

  5) We must do as the Party tells us (to do).

  我們必須按照黨的指示辦事?.

  6) Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideasfromour minds.

  正如打掃房屋一樣,我們也要掃除我們頭腦中落后的東西。

  2、由as if, as though引導(dǎo)

  as if 和as though 引導(dǎo)的從句中的時(shí)態(tài)取決于說話者對(duì)所談內(nèi)容的態(tài)度。若說話者認(rèn)為其看法是真的或可能會(huì)成為事實(shí),從句謂語就按常規(guī)變化。例如:

  1)He looks as if he is angry.

  他看上去好像生氣了。

  2)It looked as if there would be an exciting race.

  看來要有一場(chǎng)激動(dòng)人心的比賽。

  3)When the soaceship leaves the earth at tremendous speed,the astronauts feel as if they are being crushed against the spaceship floor.

  當(dāng)宇宙飛船以巨大的速度離開地球時(shí),宇航員們覺得自己好像正在被壓向宇宙飛船的底壁上去。

  二、如果從句的內(nèi)容是不真實(shí)的,是與事實(shí)相反的,從句的謂語時(shí)態(tài)要用虛擬語氣。主句謂語用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài),對(duì)從句的謂語形式?jīng)]有影響。

  兩者的意義和用法相同,引出的狀語從句謂語多用虛擬語氣,表示與事實(shí)相反,有時(shí)也用陳述語氣,表示所說情況是事實(shí)或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的可能性較大。漢譯常作“仿佛……似的”,“好像……似的”。這兩個(gè)連詞經(jīng)常用在be,act,appear,behave,fell,look,seem,smell,sound,taste及其他描寫行為舉止的動(dòng)詞之后,引導(dǎo)一個(gè)方式從句。例如:

  1 )They completely ignore these facts as if (as though) they never existed.

  他們完全忽略了這些事實(shí),就仿佛它不存在似的。(與事實(shí)相反,謂語用虛擬語氣。)

  2)He looks as if (as though) he had been hit by lightning.

  他那樣子就像被雷擊了似的。(與事實(shí)相反,謂語用虛擬語氣。)

  3)It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon.、

  看來天氣很快就會(huì)好起來。(實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性較大,謂語用陳述語氣。)

  三、需要注意的是:as if / as though也可以引導(dǎo)一個(gè)分詞短語、不定式短語、形容詞或介詞短語,例如:

  1)He stared at me as if seeing me for the first time.

  他目不轉(zhuǎn)睛地看著我,就像第一次看見我似的。

  2)He cleared his throat as if to say something.

  他清了清嗓子,像要說什么似的。

  3)The waves dashed on the rocks as if in anger.

  波濤沖擊著巖石,好像很憤怒。

  英語狀語從句知識(shí)點(diǎn)

  1. 時(shí)間狀語從句

  (1)時(shí)間狀語從句常用when, as, while, before, after, since, till, until, as soon as等連詞來引導(dǎo)。例如:

  It was raining hard when got to school yesterday.

  While he was doing his homework, the telephone rang.

  As he walked along the lake, he sang happily.

  He had learned a little Chinese before he came to China.

  After he finished middle school, he went to work in a factory.

  (2)在時(shí)間狀語從句里,通常不用將來時(shí)態(tài),用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)表示將來的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。例如:

  I’ll ring you up as soon as I get to New York.

  I will tell him everything whenhe comes back.

  He won’t believe it until he sees it with his own eyes.

  (3)在帶有till或until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句的主從復(fù)合句里,如果主句用肯定式,其含義是“一直到……時(shí)”,謂語動(dòng)詞只能用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。如果主句用否定式,其含義是“直到……才……”, “在……以前不……”, 謂語動(dòng)詞可用瞬間動(dòng)詞。例如:

  The young man read till the light went out.

  Let’s wait until the rain stops.

  We won’t start until Bob comes.

  Don’t get off until the bus stops.

  2. 條件狀語從句

  (1)條件狀語從句通常由if, unless引導(dǎo)。例如:

  What shall we do if it snows tomorrow?

  Don’t leave the building unless I tell you to.

  (2)在條件狀語從句里,謂語動(dòng)詞通常用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)表示將來的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。例如:

  I’ll help you with your English if am free tomorrow.

  He won’t be late unless he is ill.

  (3)“祈使句 + and (or)+ 陳述句” 在意思上相當(dāng)于一個(gè)帶有條件狀語從句的復(fù)合句。例如:

  Hurry up, or you’ll be late.

  =If you don’t hurry up, you’ll be late.

  Study hard and you will pass the exam.

  =If you study hard, you will pass the exam.

  3. 原因狀語從句

  (1)原因狀語從句通常由because, since, as引導(dǎo)。例如:

  He didn’t come to school because he was ill.

  As it is raining, we shall not go the zoo.

  Since you can’t answer the question, I’ll ask someone else.

  (2)because表示直接原因,語氣最強(qiáng)。Because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句多放在主句之后。回答由why提出的問題,只能用because。As和since語氣較弱,一般用來表示明顯的原因。由as和since引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從居多放在句首。例如:

  ------Why aren’t going there?

  ------Because I don’t want to.

  As he has no car, he can’t get there easily.

  Since we have no money, we can’t buy it.

  (3)because和so不能同用在一個(gè)句子里。