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英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法過(guò)去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的知識(shí)點(diǎn)
過(guò)去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的概念：
過(guò)去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)是過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的疊合。表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間以前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作，常與by，before等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。由“had+been+過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成。
1）過(guò)去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的肯定式為：had + been + done。
如：The task had been finished before 12:00 yesterday.
2）過(guò)去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的否定式為：have / has + not + been + done。
如：The task hadn't been finished before 12:00 yesterday.
3）過(guò)去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的一般疑問(wèn)句需將had提到主語(yǔ)的前面。
如：Had the task been finished before 12:00 yesterday?
4）過(guò)去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的特殊疑問(wèn)句為：疑問(wèn)詞 + had+ been + done。
如：What time had the task been finished yesterday?
過(guò)去完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法：
過(guò)去完成時(shí)由“had+過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成，表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某一動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，句中常用by，before，until，when等詞引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。
如：We had built five new buildings by the end of last year. 過(guò)去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)有以下三種形式：
�。�1）肯定結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)＋had been done＋其他成分
�。�2）否定結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)＋had not been done＋其他成分
（3）疑問(wèn)句結(jié)構(gòu)：had＋主語(yǔ)＋been done＋其他成分；
疑問(wèn)詞＋had＋主語(yǔ)＋been done＋其他成分
過(guò)去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)常用于以下情況：
（1）表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間以前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作，常與by, before等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。
如：By the time he got to the school, the first period had been finished.
The classroom hadn't been cleaned before the teacher came.
How many buildings had been destroyed when the hurricane ended?
Had the new plan been discussed before the meeting?
�。�2）在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動(dòng)詞之后的賓語(yǔ)從句中，若表示過(guò)去某一被動(dòng)動(dòng)作時(shí)，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。
如：The said the production costs had been reduced.
The boy was reminded that his homework had not been handed in.
The media reported more than 1,000 people had been killed in the earthquake.
�。�3）根據(jù)語(yǔ)意可以判斷出動(dòng)作先后的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。
如：As the assignment had been done, he went on to search the Internet.
He did what he had been told to.
另：當(dāng)從句由after，before，when或assoonas引導(dǎo)時(shí)，主句和從句都可以用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。
如：When he arrived, he called her.
They locked the door before they left.
過(guò)去完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)用法區(qū)別：
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示相對(duì)于現(xiàn)在來(lái)說(shuō)已被完成的動(dòng)作，過(guò)去完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示相對(duì)于過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻來(lái)說(shuō)已被完成的動(dòng)作。
例如：This polluted river has been cleaned. 這條被污染了的河流已被凈化。
析：該句表示到現(xiàn)在為止這條河流已被凈化。
例如：He said this book had been translated into Japanese. 他說(shuō)這本書(shū)已被譯成日語(yǔ)。
析：該句表示到他說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)所體現(xiàn)的時(shí)間為止這本書(shū)已被譯成日語(yǔ)。
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