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2016英語(yǔ)六級(jí)虛擬語(yǔ)氣詳解
想要學(xué)好英語(yǔ)六級(jí)怎么能不知道虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法呢?下面就讓小編為大家詳解一下吧。
(1)以下是小編為大家整理的2014年英語(yǔ)六級(jí)語(yǔ)法虛擬語(yǔ)氣講解，供各位考生參考。
語(yǔ)氣的定義和種類
1 語(yǔ)氣(mood)
語(yǔ)氣是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，表示說(shuō)話人對(duì)某一行為或事情的看法和態(tài)度。
2 語(yǔ)氣的種類
⑴、陳述語(yǔ)氣：表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)是現(xiàn)實(shí)的、確定的或符合事實(shí)的，用于陳述句、疑問(wèn)句和某些感嘆句。如：
�、賂here are two sides to every question.每個(gè)問(wèn)題都有兩個(gè)方面。
�、赪ere you busy all day yesterday?昨天一整天你都很忙嗎?
③How good a teacher she is!她是多好的一位老師啊!
�、�、祈使語(yǔ)氣：表示說(shuō)話人對(duì)對(duì)方的請(qǐng)求或命令。如：
�、貼ever be late again!再也不要遲到了。
�、贒on’t forget to turn off the light.別忘了關(guān)燈。
�、�、虛擬語(yǔ)氣：表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)不是客觀存在的事實(shí)，而是說(shuō)話人的主觀愿望、假設(shè)或推測(cè)等。如：
①If I were a bird, I could fly in the air.如果我是一只小鳥(niǎo)，我就能在空中飛行。
②I wish I could pass the examination.我希望我能通過(guò)考試。
③May you succeed!祝您成功!
虛擬語(yǔ)氣在語(yǔ)法里算得上是個(gè)難點(diǎn)。讓我們就從最簡(jiǎn)單的開(kāi)始吧。
(2) 簡(jiǎn)單句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣
一、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式用于現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，表示說(shuō)話人的謙虛、客氣、有禮貌、或委婉的語(yǔ)氣，常用于日常會(huì)話中。如：
�、�.Would you be kind enough to show me the way to the post office?請(qǐng)你告訴我去郵局的路好嗎?
⑵.It would be better for you not to stay up too late.你最好別熬夜到很晚。
二、表祝愿。
1、常用“may+動(dòng)詞原形”表示祝愿，但愿，此時(shí)may須置于句首(多用于正式文體中)。
⑴、May good luck be yours!祝你好運(yùn)!
�、�、May you be happy!祝你快樂(lè)!
⑶、May you do even better!祝你取得更大成就!
�、取ay you have a good time. 祝愿你玩的痛快。
⑸、May the friendship between us last long. 祝愿我們的友情天長(zhǎng)地久。
⑹、May you be happy. (注意那個(gè)be ) 祝你幸福。
2、用動(dòng)詞原形。例如：
(1).Long live the people! 人民萬(wàn)歲!
(2).“God bless you,”said the priest.牧師說(shuō)：“愿上帝保佑你!”
(3).Have a good journey! 祝愿你旅途愉快!
三、表示強(qiáng)烈愿望。(該類型虛擬語(yǔ)氣謂語(yǔ)僅用動(dòng)詞原形，第三人稱單數(shù)也不加“s”)
(1).God save me.
(2).Heaven help us.
四、表命令
1.命令虛擬語(yǔ)氣只能用在第二人稱(you)，而且通常省略主語(yǔ)(也就是you)。
2.句子尾通常加上感嘆號(hào)：!
3.虛擬語(yǔ)氣動(dòng)詞用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)(Simple Present)，如：work, be , go
4.否定形式的命令語(yǔ)氣，可用助動(dòng)詞do，加上not。
(1). Work !
(2). Work harder !
(3). Be more alert ! (虛擬語(yǔ)氣動(dòng)詞Be)
(4). You go out !
(5). Do not work so hard. (do not 表示否定的虛擬語(yǔ)氣)
(6). Don't be afraid. (口語(yǔ)中常用don't 代替do not)
五、在一些習(xí)慣表達(dá)中。如：
(1).You’d better set off now.你最好現(xiàn)在就出發(fā)。
(2).I’d rather not tell you the secret.我情愿不告訴你這個(gè)秘密。
(3) 名詞性從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣
第一節(jié)：賓語(yǔ)從句(Subordinate Clasue)中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣
一、在動(dòng)詞wish后的賓語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣
在動(dòng)詞wish后的賓語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，常省去賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞that。
一)、對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬(與現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)相反)：
從句用過(guò)去式或過(guò)去進(jìn)行式(時(shí)間上是同時(shí)的)。其句子結(jié)構(gòu)為：賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)be和were(was)，實(shí)義動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式。例：
1. I wish (that可省略,下同)I knew the answer to the question.(wish, 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式knew)我希望知道這個(gè)答案。(事實(shí)上是不知道)
2. I wish it were spring in my hometown all the year around.(wish, were)但愿我的家鄉(xiāng)四季如春。(事實(shí)上不可能)
3. I wish I were a bird.(wish, were)但愿我是只小鳥(niǎo)。(事實(shí)上不可能)
4. When she was at the party,she wished she were at home.(wished,過(guò)去虛擬動(dòng)詞were)(事實(shí)上并不在家)
5. Now that he is in China, he wishes he understood Chinese.(wishes,過(guò)去虛擬動(dòng)詞understood)
現(xiàn)在他在中國(guó)，他希望能懂得中文。(事實(shí)上并不懂)
6. When we begin the trip, they will wish they were with us.(will wish,過(guò)去虛擬動(dòng)詞were)(事實(shí)上并不和我們?cè)谝黄?
二)、對(duì)過(guò)去情況的虛擬(和過(guò)去的事實(shí)相反)：
用wish表示對(duì)過(guò)去事情的遺憾。其句子結(jié)構(gòu)為：賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，或would, could, might+現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。例：
1. I wish (that可省略，下同)I hadn't wasted so much time.
我后悔不該浪費(fèi)這么多時(shí)間。(事實(shí)上已浪費(fèi)了)
2. He wishes he hadn't lost the chance.
他真希望沒(méi)有失去機(jī)會(huì)。(其實(shí)已失去)
3. We wished he had spoken to us.
(wished，had + spoken)(事實(shí)上他并沒(méi)同我們講)
4. I wish you had called earlier.
(wish, had + called)(事實(shí)上已遲了)
5. They will wish they had listened to us sooner.
(will wish,had + listened)(事實(shí)上并不如此)
例題分析：I wish I ______ longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class.
A. could have slept B. sleptC. might have slept D. have slept
動(dòng)詞wish后面接從句，表達(dá)不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)或與事實(shí)相反的情況時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，即用過(guò)去式(表示現(xiàn)在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作)或過(guò)去完成式(表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作)。本題后半句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞have用的是過(guò)去時(shí)had
to get up and come, 所以前面要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。所以, 選項(xiàng)A)could have slept是答案
三)、對(duì)將來(lái)情況的虛擬(表示將來(lái)的主觀愿望)：
從句動(dòng)詞"would/should/could/might + 動(dòng)詞原形"(時(shí)間上較后)(請(qǐng)注意：主句和從句的主語(yǔ)不相同)。用wish表示對(duì)將來(lái)事情的愿望。例：
1. I wish it would stop raining.(虛擬動(dòng)詞would+動(dòng)詞原形stop)
我希望雨能停止。(事實(shí)上雨還在下著呢)
2. I wish you would be quiet.(would + be)
我希望你安靜一些。(事實(shí)上那家伙還在吵著呢)
3. You wished she would arrive the next day.(would + arrive)
你希望她第二天會(huì)到。(事實(shí)上她還沒(méi)到)
4. I wish she would change her mind.(would + change)
我希望她會(huì)改變主意。(呵呵，女孩子可沒(méi)那么容易就改變主意喔)
5. He will wish we would join him the following week.(would + join)
(只是希望我們和他在一起，實(shí)際上還沒(méi)在一起)
四)、注意：
1.如果將wish改為過(guò)去式wished, 其后that 從句中的動(dòng)詞形式不變。例如：
I wished I hadn't spent so much money.
我要是那時(shí)沒(méi)有花掉那么多錢就好了。
2. 如果that 從句中用would , 一般表示對(duì)現(xiàn)狀不滿或希望未來(lái)有所改變或請(qǐng)求
I wish he would answer my letter.
I wish prices would come down.
(4)在表示建議、命令、要求、忠告等動(dòng)詞的后面的賓語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣
由于這些動(dòng)詞本身隱含說(shuō)話者的主觀意見(jiàn)，認(rèn)為某事應(yīng)該或不應(yīng)該怎樣，這些詞語(yǔ)后面的“that”從句應(yīng)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，且均以“should+動(dòng)詞原形”表示這種語(yǔ)氣，但事實(shí)上“should”常被省略，故此從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用原形，常用的此類動(dòng)詞有：
表示“要求”的：ask, desire, request, demand, require, beg
表示“提議、勸告、建議”的：move, prpose, suggest, recommend, advise, vote
表示“決定、命令”的：decide, order
表示“主張”的：maintain, urge
表示“同意、堅(jiān)持”的：consent, insist
例如：
1.The doctor suggested that he (should) try to lose his weight.
2.He insisted that we (should ) tell him the news.
3.When I suggested that he try shaving cream, he said, “The razor and water do the job. ”(當(dāng)我建議他用刮胡膏時(shí)，他說(shuō)“剃刀和水就行了”。)
4.He pursued various theories for several days until I suggested we take the toy apart to see how it did work. (他費(fèi)了幾天功夫?qū)ふ依碚摳鶕?jù)，直到我建議拆開(kāi)看看它是如何轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)的。)
5.One can suggest that students should spend two or three years in an English?speaking country. (我們建議學(xué)生應(yīng)在說(shuō)英語(yǔ)的國(guó)家呆上兩三年。)
在表示命令、建議、要求等一類動(dòng)詞后面的從句中虛擬語(yǔ)氣很普遍，其結(jié)構(gòu)如：
order, suggest, propose, require, demand, request, insist, command, insist +... (should) do
6.I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week.
7.He insisted that he (should ) be sent there.
但注意：在insist 后的從句中, 如果是堅(jiān)持自己, 用陳述語(yǔ)氣, 堅(jiān)持別人做什么事情, 用虛擬語(yǔ)氣.
8.she insists that she is right.
9.she insisted that I should finish the work at once.
或者說(shuō)，suggest, insist不表示建議或堅(jiān)持要某人做某事時(shí)，即它們用于其本意暗示、表明、堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句用陳述語(yǔ)氣。
10.The guard at gate insisted that everybody obey the rules.
判斷改錯(cuò):
(錯(cuò))11. You pale face suggests that you (should) be ill.
(對(duì))12. Your pale face suggests that you are ill.
(錯(cuò))13. I insisted that you ( should) be wrong.
(對(duì))14. I insisted that you were wrong.
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