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2021年高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解訓(xùn)練題及答案
高考是中華人民共和國(guó)大陸境內(nèi)(香港、澳門除外)高等學(xué)校入學(xué)最重要的考試。英語(yǔ)作為文理都要考的科目，不可謂不重要。為了幫助大家備考2021年高考英語(yǔ)，小編整理了一些閱讀理解訓(xùn)練題，歡迎閱讀!
第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2分，滿分30分)
閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑
A
Signing up for a digital TV service provides you with access to over 200 channels from all over the globe. However, television today is dominated by adult language, making it hard for concerned families to find channels suitable for young eyes. Therefore, most movie channels are automatically removed form the list of TV channels for an entire family. The following are some good ones based on popularity on a global scale.
Discovery Channel
Discovery and its many channels can be considered as the founding father of informative channels on television. What National Geographic does in a scholastic(學(xué)術(shù)的) manner, Discovery tries to do in an entertaining manner—educating the masses about anything and everything.
Fox Family
Finding a movie channel that broadcasts pictures suitable for teenagers and kids alike is very difficult unless your service operator offers you Fox family movies. This channel screens most movies before it broadcasts them, ensuring that no movie shows unacceptable material for young eyes.
Nickelodeon
A channel very similar to Cartoon Network, it mostly shows US programs. However, their shows are sometimes a bit more mature for younger kids and better suited to kids aged 5and up.
ABC Family
ABC started the ABC family channel in an attempt to introduce family-centered shows and serials to the public in the USA. The need for this channel was felt after ABC observed the lack of proper family type US channels.
Living
If travelling is a family hobby and better living is the motto then there is no better channel than Living. Kids can see never-seen-before sights, learning about new places while adults can practice their cooking and learn amazing things about motorbikes.
21. According to the text, most channels offered by a digital TV service ______.
A. can keep people away from TV violence
B. are welcomed by families with small children
C. are concerned about the proper use of language
D. are unsuitable for the whole family to watch together
22. Which of the following can best describe Discovery Channel?
A. Relaxing. B. Touching. C. Commercial. D. Professional.
23. If people want to know about what a traditional family is like, they can choose ____.
A. Fox Family B. Nickelodeon C. ABC Family D. Living
B
Do you know how it is when you see someone yawn and you start yawning too? Or how hard it is to be among people laughing and not laugh yourself? Well, apparently it’s because we have mirror neurons (神經(jīng)元) in our brains.
Put simply, the existence of mirror neurons suggests that every time we see someone else do something, our brains imitate it, whether or not we actually perform the same action. This
explains a great deal about how we learn to smile, talk, walk, dance or play sports. But the idea goes further: mirror neurons not only appear to explain physical actions, they also tell us that there is a biological basis for the way we understand other people.
Mirror neurons can undoubtedly be found all over our brains, but especially in the area
which relate to our ability to use languages, and to understand how other people feel. Researchers have found that mirror neurons relate strongly to language. A group of researchers discovered that if they gave people sentences to listen to (for example: “The hand took hold of the ball”), the same mirror neurons were triggered as when the action was actually performed (in this example, actually taking hold of a ball).
Any problems with mirror neurons may well result in problems with behavior. Much research suggests that people with social and behavioral problems have mirror neurons which
are not fully functioning. However, it is not yet known exactly how these discoveries might help find treatments for social disorders.
Research into mirror neurons seems to provide us with ever more information concerning how humans behave and interact. Indeed, it may turn out to be the equivalent for neuroscience of what Einstein’s theory of relativity was for physics. And the next time you feel the urge to cough in the cinema when someone else does—well, perhaps you’ll understand why.
24. Mirror neurons can explain _____.
A. why we cry when we are hurt
B. why we cough when we suffer from a cold
C. why we smile when we see someone else smile
D. why we yawn when we see someone else stay up late
25. The underlined word “triggered” in the third paragraph probably means “____”.
A. set off B. cut off C. built up D. broken up
26. We can learn from the passage that mirror neurons _____.
A. relate to human behavior and interaction
B. control human physical actions and feelings
C. result in bad behavior and social disorders
D. determine our knowledge and language abilities
27. What is the passage mainly about?
A. Ways to find mirror neurons. B. Problems of mirror neurons.
C. Existence of mirror neurons. D. Functions of mirror neurons.
C
The sharing economy, represented by companies like Airbnb or Uber, is the latest fashion craze. But many supporters have overlooked the reality that this new business model is largely based on escaping regulations and breaking the law.
Airbnb is an internet-based service that allows people to rent out spare rooms to strangers for short stays. Uber is an internet taxi service that allows thousands of people to answer ride requests with their own cars. There are hundreds of other such services.
The good thing about the sharing economy is that it promotes the use of underused resources. Millions of people have houses or apartments with empty rooms, and Airbnb allows them to profit from these rooms while allowing guests a place to stay at prices that are often far less than those charged by hotels. Uber offers prices that are competitive with standard taxi prices and their drivers are often much quicker and more trustworthy.
But the downside of the sharing economy has gotten much less attention. Most cities and states both tax and regulate hotels, and the tourists who stay in hotels are usually an important source of tax income. But many of Airhnb’s customers are not paying the taxes required under the law.
Airbnb can also raise issues of safety for its customers and trouble for hosts' neighbors. Hotels are regularly inspected to ensure that they are not fire traps and that they don't form other risks for visitors. Airbnb hosts face no such inspections.
Since Airbnb is allowing people to escape taxes and regulations, the company is simply promoting thefts. Others in the economy will lose by bearing an additional tax burden or being forced to live next to an apartment unit with a never-ending series of noisy visitors.
The same story may apply with Uber. Uber is currently in disputes over whether its cars meet the safety and insurance requirements imposed on standard taxis. Also, if Uber and related services flood the market, they could harm all taxi drivers' ability to earn a minimum wage.
This downside of the sharing needs to be taken seriously, hut that doesn't mean the current tax and regulatory structure is perfect.
28. What is the positive thing about the sharing economy?
A. It is a global trend.
B. It is beyond regulations.
C. It draws on spare resources.
D. It brings in modest profits.
29. What is the problem with Airbnb customers according to the passage?
A. They are not regularly inspected.
B. They are likely to commit thefts.
C. They are not allowed to escape taxes.
D. They can be noisy to hosts’ neighbours.
30. What is the argument over Uber according to the passage?
A. Whether it guarantees customers' safety.
B. Whether it provides reliable services.
C. Whether it lowers customers' expenses.
D. Whether it can compete with standard taxis.
31. What will be talked about in the following paragraphs?
A. Existing regulations and laws.
B. Necessary improvements of current laws.
C. Further development of Airbnb and Uber.
D. More downsides of Airbnb and Uber.
D
The old shopkeeper led me through to the back of the shop. The room was filled with boxes and dusty photographs of people holding packages in their hands.
Mr. Hopkins said, “We have a very wide choice of items for sale. Whenever I serve a new customer, I take their picture.” Mr. Hopkins pointed to an ancient camera on a table.
I began to appreciate the lovely items on sale. I spent a very pleasant hour being shown the commodities in the shop. Finally, I bought an antique jewelry box, a pair of riding boots and a sewing machine.
I was very excited that I had found such a good little shop. “I will tell all my friends about your lovely place,” I told the shopkeeper. ?Please do not do that, sir”, said Mr. Hopkins. “This is a special place for special people. You must keep this shop a secret.” Then he took my photograph, and handed me the picture straight away.
?That was quick!” I exclaimed. In the picture I looked proud and excited holding the presents I had bought there.
On Christmas Day, my friends and relatives were delighted with the presents I had bought for them. For weeks, my brother begged me to take him to the wonderful little shop. I finally agreed .
We walked along Oxford Street, passed the department store and found nothing. In its place was an empty space being used as a car park. I checked the area again. There was the music shop, and there was the department store. In between should have been Hopkins and Son, but it wasn’t there.
Just then an old policeman came . “Are you looking for something, sir?” he asked. “I am looking for a little shop called Hopkins and Son. ”
?Oh yes, there was a shop here once called Hopkins and Son. But it was knocked down over 30 years ago.”
I looked again at the place , and then I reached into my pocket and took out the photograph that Mr. Hopkins had taken of me holding my presents in the little shop.
?How strange” I exclaimed.
32. What did the author think of Hopkins and Son?
A. Big and modern .
B. Old and outdated.
C. Little and dusty.
D. Lovely and wonderful.
33. We can infer from Paragraph 4 that Mr. Hopkins ________.
A. was ashamed of his little shop.
B. didn’t like his shop to be advertised.
C. was one of the author’s special friends.
D. handed the author his picture immediately.
34. What does the underlined word揷ommoditiesn” refer to?
A. The goods in the shop
B. the author’s gifts
C. Photographs taken by Mr. Hopkins
D. Packages held by other customers
35. What can we learn about the shop?
A. It was closed by the police.
B. It was well-known in that area.
C. It was knocked down a few weeks ago.
D. It was between a music shop and a department store.
第二節(jié) (共5小題;每小題2分，滿分10分)
根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多于選項(xiàng)。
Most people believe they don't have much imagination. They are wrong. Everyone
has imagination, 36 Here are three techniques to help you regain your imagination
and creativity from when you were a kid.
Making connections.
This technique involves taking unrelated ideas and trying to find links between
them. First, think about the problem you have to solve or the job you need to do. 37 Think of as many ideas/words associated with candles: light, fire, matches, wax，night, silence, etcas you can and write them down. The next stage is to relate the ideas to the job you have to do.
No limits!
38 You have as much time/space/money, etc. as you want. Think about your goal and the new possibilities. If your goal is to learn to ski, for example, you can now practise skiing every day of your life (because you have the time and the money) . Now adapt this to reality. Maybe you can practise skiing every day in December, or every Monday in January.
39
Look at the situation from a different point of view. Fiction writers often imagine they are the characters in their books. They ask questions: What does this character want? Why can't she get it? What changes must she make to get what she wants? 40 The best fishermen think like fish!
A. Being someone else!
B. Asking questions!
C. Imagine that normal limitations don't exist.
D. Then find an image, word, idea or object, for example, a candle.
E. If your goal involves other people, put yourself in their positions.
F. but most of us, once we become adults, forget how to make use of it.
G. and we are on the way to achieving it whether the way is smooth or tough.
參考答案：
21-23.DAC， 24-27.CAAC， 28-31.CDAB， 32-35.DBAD， 36-40.FDCAE。
拓展：
高考閱讀理解考查什么?
常言道：得閱讀、完型者得高分，這還真沒(méi)有夸張，閱讀完型占整份高考英語(yǔ)試卷70分(總分150)，也是試卷中難度最大的部分，如何提分一直是廣大師生們思考的熱點(diǎn)問(wèn)題。
首先，同學(xué)們要弄清楚閱讀理解題，考查大家什么?答案是：設(shè)題考查的是同學(xué)們是否讀懂文章的主旨大意、文章作者意圖，文章作者對(duì)所談及的問(wèn)題的態(tài)度，以及文章中影響理解的一些細(xì)節(jié)，總的一句話，設(shè)題的目的是考查讀者是否真的看懂和理解目標(biāo)文章而不是考查你是否認(rèn)得每個(gè)字。
所以，讀文章時(shí)，當(dāng)以提綱摯領(lǐng)為關(guān)鍵，即讀文章先抓主旨大意而不能從頭一字一句讀到尾，這種做法對(duì)有情節(jié)的記敘文可行，其他文體不很適合。但高考閱讀考 記敘文的比例較低，一般都是說(shuō)明文、科技報(bào)道、科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)、新聞、廣告等。讀這類文章每次都要養(yǎng)成先讀主旨大意句(通常是各段首句)的習(xí)慣，尤其是文章首句 和末尾句(它們經(jīng)常在一呼一應(yīng)中表達(dá)了作者的觀點(diǎn))。然后再細(xì)讀各段，有時(shí)根據(jù)具體內(nèi)容也可以在此時(shí)先看設(shè)題的題干，或者甚至選項(xiàng)，這可以幫助你在第二步 細(xì)讀時(shí)有的放矢，有時(shí)讀了設(shè)題的題干還有可能對(duì)文章的理解起到意想不到的幫助作用。
讀文章時(shí)，還要注意作些標(biāo)記。如主題句，核心詞(反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的詞)，反映作者態(tài)度的形容詞，對(duì)給出漢語(yǔ)的地方也要顯眼標(biāo)出，一是因?yàn)槌?huì)設(shè)題，二是避免下文或題目中再次出現(xiàn)時(shí)你當(dāng)為生詞。對(duì)于人名，數(shù)字也通常會(huì)設(shè)題最好標(biāo)出記號(hào)，避免回頭找時(shí)浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。
然后是開(kāi)始讀題做選擇。不同情況的同學(xué)，我們給予不同的建議。
閱讀理解命題預(yù)測(cè)與答題技巧
一、高考命題解讀
一)解題方法
(1)略讀法(Skimming)：略讀旨在快速了解閱讀材料的內(nèi)容大意，在這個(gè)過(guò)程中要運(yùn)用意群視讀法，不糾纏只言片語(yǔ)，不追求百分之一百的理解細(xì)節(jié)，要以最快的速度來(lái)理解文章的概貌，掌握文章的大意，作閱讀理解的第一遍時(shí)可用此方法。
(2)查閱法(Scanning)：考生可以不需要閱讀整篇文章，而只需找出可能包含所需信息的部分，然后加以閱讀就行。查閱法主要用于獲得具體的信息，即誰(shuí)、什么、什么時(shí)間、什么地點(diǎn)、什么原因以及如何發(fā)生等有關(guān)或者具體的數(shù)字。
(3)同義互釋法：在高考中有些深層理解或者判斷推理的問(wèn)題可以采用同義互釋法。
(4)判斷推理法：有時(shí)4個(gè)題項(xiàng)中不止一個(gè)可以作為答案項(xiàng)，這時(shí)就應(yīng)該意識(shí)到該題是一個(gè)判斷推理題。要根據(jù)文章的主旨和作者的意圖，選擇比較，去偽存真，選出切合文章主旨和作者意圖的最佳答案。
二)解題思路
1.瀏覽試題，明確要求。在閱讀文章前，最好先瀏覽一下文章后面的題干和選項(xiàng)。知道了問(wèn)題后再去看文章，可使思路更敏捷，而且也便于閱讀時(shí)留意文中出現(xiàn)的與選項(xiàng)有關(guān)的信息。
2.通讀全文，抓住主要內(nèi)容，要在不影響理解的前提下，盡可能地閱讀以便在盡可能短的時(shí)間內(nèi)理解文章或段落的內(nèi)容。閱讀時(shí)，如遇到不熟悉的單詞、詞組或一時(shí)看不懂的句子，不要停下來(lái)苦思冥想，繼續(xù)讀下去，通過(guò)上下文的詞語(yǔ)和句子可能就理解了。
3.抓住中心思想和段落大意。通讀全文時(shí)，要特別注意主題句。每篇文章或每個(gè)段落都有與文章有關(guān)的句子，尤其是科技、政論性文章的主題句一般都在文章的開(kāi) 頭或結(jié)尾，插在中間的很少。所以，文章的第一段或開(kāi)頭的第(一)二個(gè)句子往往包含著文章的中心思想、作者的意圖或全文的概述，因此要特別注意，徹底理解。
4.有針對(duì)性地仔細(xì)閱讀，找尋所需信息。在前面的基礎(chǔ)上，可進(jìn)行有針對(duì)性地閱讀了。把與問(wèn)題無(wú)關(guān)的內(nèi)容一掃而過(guò)，而對(duì)于和問(wèn)題有關(guān)的內(nèi)容認(rèn)真閱讀，還可以用筆在下面做出記號(hào)。再把這些信息與問(wèn)題的要求結(jié)合起來(lái)，逐條分析，綜合判斷，找出正確答案。
5.進(jìn)行合理的推理判斷。對(duì)文章有了全面的了解之后，可以按照文章要求以及上下文之間的關(guān)系，做出推理判斷。在進(jìn)行推理判斷的時(shí)候，需要綜合考慮句型、語(yǔ)法、句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系、文化背景等方面的因素。
6.認(rèn)真復(fù)讀,驗(yàn)證答案.要用全文的中心思想統(tǒng)帥各個(gè)題目,研究其內(nèi)在聯(lián)系和邏輯關(guān)系,并依次審核那些還未打上的題目,確保理解無(wú)誤.
二、學(xué)習(xí)建議
一)擴(kuò)大詞匯量，強(qiáng)化閱讀訓(xùn)練
實(shí)際閱讀中，考生掌握的詞匯量應(yīng)在3000個(gè)詞以上。這些詞匯是學(xué)生需要掌握的詞匯，即考生要能認(rèn)會(huì)用�？忌獢U(kuò)大詞匯量，增強(qiáng)語(yǔ)感，就必須通過(guò)加大閱讀量來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)。閱讀時(shí)應(yīng)注意以下兩點(diǎn)：
1.精泛并舉。大力開(kāi)展課外閱讀活動(dòng)，爭(zhēng)取逐步達(dá)到新的《英語(yǔ)課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》 的要求，確保達(dá)到學(xué)會(huì)使用3000個(gè)單詞和400～500個(gè)習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)和固定搭配的要求。
2.持之以恒。英語(yǔ)閱讀能力的培養(yǎng)是一個(gè)漸進(jìn)的復(fù)雜過(guò)程，要養(yǎng)成每天閱讀英語(yǔ)的習(xí)慣，循序漸進(jìn)，持之以恒，廣泛閱讀。每天最好讀2～3篇英語(yǔ)短文，記敘文、應(yīng)用文、說(shuō)明文等體裁的文章交叉閱讀，并做好后面的相關(guān)測(cè)試題
二)樹(shù)立正確的閱讀理念，學(xué)會(huì)基本的理解技巧
首先，要學(xué)會(huì)抓大意。尋找主題句是快速掌握文章大意的主要方法。
其次，要學(xué)會(huì)疏理結(jié)構(gòu)。
三)形成有效的閱讀策略，養(yǎng)成良好的閱讀習(xí)慣
養(yǎng)成默讀習(xí)慣，使注意力集中在文字符號(hào)上，糾正唇讀、心讀、喉讀等做法，以免分散精力，影響閱讀速度。要克服指讀、回視、重讀等不良習(xí)慣。這些習(xí)慣容易使 理解只停留在某個(gè)詞或某個(gè)句子上，從而使獲得的信息支離破碎。要善于抓住句子中的核心詞，從一個(gè)句子快速地掃視到另一個(gè)句子，進(jìn)行連貫性理解。
三、題型歸納
閱讀測(cè)試題一般可分為以下幾種題型：
1)細(xì)節(jié)理解題。過(guò)去在閱讀理解題中占很大比例。細(xì)節(jié)題要求考生具備快速尋找信息的能力，采用針對(duì)性方法進(jìn)行閱讀。多數(shù)情況下，作者不會(huì)明確地呈現(xiàn)一個(gè)事 實(shí)，讀者需根據(jù)已有的信息進(jìn)行處理，讀出言外之意。還要特別注意文章的時(shí)間順序、故事發(fā)生的地點(diǎn)、情節(jié)的發(fā)展、和人物之間的關(guān)系。
考查文章細(xì)節(jié)理解的測(cè)試題
① This article is particularly written for ___.?
�、� When the writer says he really means ___.?
�、� The author's attitude to is that ___.?
�、� What kind of atmosphere does the writer want to create in this passage??
�、� The writer regards as ___.?
�、� The writer's purpose in writing this story is ___.
2)歸納概括題。考生須通過(guò)對(duì)全文的閱讀和思考，把握文章的結(jié)構(gòu)和脈絡(luò)，從而找出文 章的中心思想和主題大意，推斷作者寫(xiě)作意圖或作者對(duì)該事情的態(tài)度�？忌鷳�(yīng)抓住文章中開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾，注意每一自然段落中的主題句。
考查主題思想或段落大意的常見(jiàn)題
�、� The story mainly tells us ___.?
�、� From the passage we know that ___.?
③ The writer wants to tell us ___.
�、� The best title of this passage should be ___?
⑤ The main idea of Paragraph 1 is ___.?
�、蕖hats the purpose/attitude of ?
⑦ The last paragraph ends the passage with an emphasis on ___.?
�、� What is the subject discussed in the text??
�、� Whish of the following statements is best supported by the last paragraph??
3)推理判斷題。此題要求縱觀全文，在匯集短文提供的各項(xiàng)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，緊扣作者的意圖，充分發(fā)揮自己的邏輯思維能力，從文章的內(nèi)在含義和字里行間中、從作者的態(tài)度和取向中獲得信息，做出正確的推理和判斷。
考查推理和判斷常見(jiàn)問(wèn)題有：
�、� We can infer from the passage ___.?
�、� From the passage, we can tell ___.
③ We can conclude from the passage ___.?
�、� What probably happened in the end??
�、� When he said, "", he meant ___.?
�、� This passage would most likely to be found in ___.
7 The authors / writers attitude(態(tài)度)towards is _______.
8 What do you think would happen (to) at the end of the story?
4)詞義猜測(cè)題。這類題要求理解文中關(guān)鍵詞句的含義。其中有些題屬于用詞匯替換或句型轉(zhuǎn)換手段對(duì)短文原句釋義，屬淺層理解題，但有些題要求聯(lián)系全文意義來(lái) 判斷有關(guān)詞句的含義及寓意，這就屬于深層理解，需反復(fù)推敲斟酌。同一個(gè)詞的意義往往因上下文不同而發(fā)生變化，故作好這類題的關(guān)鍵是理解好上下文。
猜測(cè)詞義，常見(jiàn)的題干有?
�、� The word in paragraph refers to ___.?
② The underlined word "" means ___.?
�、� The word "" could be replaced by ___.?
�、� Which of the following words can take the place of ?
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