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職稱英語考試重點(diǎn)文章改編練習(xí)
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Men Smell of Cheese and Women of Onions
男人聞出奶酪味，女人嗅出洋蔥昧
教材原文：
Little girls may be made of sugar and all things nice, but their armpits smell of onions.______(l)That's the conclusion of research in Switzerland that involved taking armpit sweat samples from 24 men and 25 women after the had spent time in a sauna or ridden an exercise bike for 15 minute.
_______(2) “Men smell of cheese, and women of grapefruit or onion,” says Christian Starkenmann of Firmenich, a company in Geneva that researches flavours and perfumes for food and cosmetics companies.
The team found that the women’s armpit sweat contained relatively high levels of an odourless sulphur-containning compound-5 milligrams per milliliter of sweat versus 0.5 milligrams in men.
When the researchers mixed this compound in the lab with bacteria commonly found in the armpit, the bugs turned it into a thiol-a previously discovered odour from armpits that is akin to onion2.
“The more sulphur precursor we added, the more intense was the malodour," says Starkenmann, whose team's results appear in Chemical Senses.______(3)
The men, meanwhile, had relatively high levels of an odourless fatty acid which turned into a cheesy odour when exposed to the same types of bacteria. The balance of oniony to cheesy precursors in women's sweat made it smell worse than men's as rated by independent smell assessors.
______(4) "We could make inhibitors that neutralise the precursors, or block the bacterial enzymes that do the conversion," says Starkenmann.
Some researchers are sceptical that gender is the main deciding factor, arguing that the patterns found in Swiss volunteers might not apply to other populations with different diets and genetic background.______ (5)
文章中文翻譯：
男人聞出奶酪味，女人嗅出洋蔥昧
小女孩聞起來可能有糖、香料和所有好東西的味道，但是她們的腋下卻聞起來像洋蔥。
男人的腋下雖然沒有鼻涕蟲或者蝸牛的味道，但是卻有一股奶酪的氣味。這是一項(xiàng)來自瑞士的研究結(jié)論，研究中的24位男士和25位女士在一段時間的桑拿浴或 15分鐘的騎車鍛煉后，腋下的氣味被收集作為樣本。
研究者發(fā)現(xiàn)男人和女人腋下的氣味有很大不同。“男人的聞起來更像奶酪，女人的聞起來更像葡萄柚或洋蔥”，來自Firmenich公司的Christian Starkenmann說道。Firmenich是一家位于日內(nèi)瓦，為食物和化妝品研究香味和香水的公司。
研究團(tuán)隊(duì)發(fā)現(xiàn)女人腋下的氣味中含有高濃度無味的含硫合成物——每毫升的氣味中有5毫克，而男人腋下的氣味中只有0.5毫克。當(dāng)研究者在實(shí)驗(yàn)室中把這種合成物與在腋下普遍存在的細(xì)菌混合在一起時，小蟲子立刻變成硫醇——之前在腋下發(fā)現(xiàn)的一種類似洋蔥味道的氣味。
“我們加入越多的硫前體，惡臭味就越濃烈”，Starkenmann說。他的團(tuán)隊(duì)的研究結(jié)果出現(xiàn)在了Chemical Senses中，細(xì)菌酶把另一種無味的前體轉(zhuǎn)化為惡臭味。
同時，男人有相對高含量的無味脂肪酸，當(dāng)它暴露在同一種類型的細(xì)菌中時，它 又被轉(zhuǎn)化成了奶酪的氣味。當(dāng)單獨(dú)測試氣味時，女人氣味中的洋蔥味對奶酪味的平衡使得這種氣味聞起來比男人的更糟。
接下來，這個團(tuán)隊(duì)希望能為除臭劑發(fā)明出新的原料來對抗這種氣味。“我們要用抑制劑來中和這種前體，或者阻擋細(xì)菌酶來融合這種前體”，Starkenmann說。
一些研究者懷疑性別是主要決定因素，他們認(rèn)為在瑞士志愿者身上發(fā)現(xiàn)的模式可能不適用于其他有著不同飲食、基因背景的人。“其他因素包括你吃什么，用什么洗，穿什么，遺傳什么樣的基因”，來自英國加的夫大學(xué)的Tim Jacob說道。
練習(xí) :
A Bacterial enzymes turn the otherwise odourless precursor into the malodour.
B And while free of slug or snail odours, men’s armpits pack a powerful cheesy whiff.
C Most cases of skin odor is associated with break down of the compounds found in sweat by bacteria that live on the skin.
D Nest, the team hope to develop new ingredients for deodorants that fight the smells.
E The researchers found marked differences in the sweat from men and women.
F “ Other factors include what you eat, what you wash with, what you weat and what genes you inherit,” says Tim Jacob of Cardiff University in the UK.
改編為閱讀理解題目：
1.問：來自瑞士的一項(xiàng)研究結(jié)論是什么?
What's the conclusion of the research in Switzerland?
答：小女孩聞起來可能有糖、香料和所有好東西的味道，但是她們的腋下卻聞起來像洋蔥。男人的腋下雖然沒有鼻涕蟲或者蝸牛的味道，但是卻有一股奶酪的氣味。這是一項(xiàng)來自瑞士的研究結(jié)論。
Little girls may be made of sugar and all things nice, but their armpits smell of onions. And while free of slug or snail odours, men’s armpits pack a powerful cheesy whiff. That's the conclusion of research in Switzerland.
2. 問：文中第2段“lavours”中文意思是什么?
What does the word “lavours” in the second paragraph mean in Chinese?
答：香水
3.問：文章中“Firmenich”公司是做什么的?
What does the Firmenich company do?
答：Firmenich是一家位于日內(nèi)瓦，為食物和化妝品研究香味和香水的公司。
It is a company in Geneva that researches flavours and perfumes for food and cosmetics companies.
4. 問：是什么導(dǎo)致男人和女人腋下有氣味?
What leads to armpit odor among men and women?
答：含硫合成物。
The team found that the women’s armpit sweat contained relatively high levels of anodourless sulphur.
5. 導(dǎo)致男人和女人腋下氣味不同的原因是什么?
What’s the cause that causes male and female underarm odor unlike?
因?yàn)榕艘赶碌臍馕吨泻懈邼舛葻o味的含硫合成物——每毫升的氣味中有5毫克，而男人腋下的氣味中只有0.5毫克。
The team found that the women’s armpit sweat contained relatively high levels of an odourless sulphur—containing compound—5 milligrams per milliliter of sweat versus 0.5 milligrams in men.
6.問：為什么男人腋下的氣味相對好聞一些?
Why does man armpit smell relatively better?
答：男人有相對高含量的無味脂肪酸，當(dāng)它暴露在同一種類型的細(xì)菌中時，它又被轉(zhuǎn)化成了奶酪的氣味。
The men, meanwhile, had relatively high levels of an odourless fatty acid which turned into a cheesy odour when exposed to the same types of bacteria.
7. 問：研究團(tuán)隊(duì)研究的目的是什么?
What’s the purpose of research team?
答：希望能為除臭劑發(fā)明出新的原料來對抗這種氣味。
Nest, the team hopes to develop new ingredients for deodorants that fight the smells.
8.問：作為研究對象的志愿者來自哪個國家?
Where do the volunteer subjects come from?
答：瑞士。
9. 問：有些研究者懷疑什么?
What do some researchers suspect?
答：一些研究者懷疑性別是主要決定因素，他們認(rèn)為在瑞士志愿者身上發(fā)現(xiàn)的模式可能不適用于其他有著不同飲食、基因背景的人。
Some researchers are skeptical that gender is the main deciding factor, arguing that the patterns found in Swiss volunteers might not apply to other populations with different diets and genetic background.
10.問：這篇文章主要討論了什么?
What’s the theme of the article?
答：男人和女人腋下的氣味有很大不同：小女孩聞起來像洋蔥，男人卻有一股奶酪的氣味。
The researchers found marked differences in the sweat from men and women. Men smell of cheese, and women of grapefruit or onion.
這篇文章，有點(diǎn)科普意味，根據(jù)原文，我們改編了10個閱讀理解題目，考試中可能會根據(jù)這些點(diǎn)來設(shè)置題目，大家一定要擦亮眼睛，找到正確選項(xiàng)，得分!
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