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職稱英語(yǔ)綜合類B閱讀理解歷年真題精選
2017年職稱英語(yǔ)考試復(fù)習(xí)已經(jīng)開(kāi)始，為了讓大家了解職稱英語(yǔ)考試難易程度，下面yjbys網(wǎng)小編為大家提供了職稱英語(yǔ)歷年考試真題精選，以下是職稱英語(yǔ)綜合類B閱讀理解真題。
職稱英語(yǔ)《綜合B》閱讀理解歷年真題精選
Why Buy Shade-Grown Coffee?
When people argue about whether coffee is good for health, they're usually thinking of the health of the coffee drinker. Is it good for your heart? Does it increase blood pressure? Does it help you concentrate? However, coffee affects the health of the human population in other ways, too.
Traditionally, coffee bushes were planted under the canopy (樹(shù)冠) of taller indigenous ( 土生土長(zhǎng)的) trees. However, more and more farmers in Latin America are deforesting the land to grow full-sun coffees. At first, this increases production because more coffee bushes can be planted if there aren't any trees. With increased production come increased profits.
Unfortunately, deforesting for coffee production immediately decreases local wildlife habitat.
Native birds nest and hide from predators (捕食者) in the tall trees and migrating birds rest there.
Furthermore, in the long term, the full-sun method also damages the ecosystem because more chemical fertilizers and pesticides are needed to grow the coffee. The fertilizers and pesticides kill insects that eat coffee plant, but then the birds eat the poisoned insects and also die. The chemicals kill or sicken other animals as well, and can even enter the water that people will eventually drink.
Fortunately, farmers in Central and South America are beginning to grow more coffee bushes in the shade. We can support these farmers by buying coffee with such labels as "shade grown" and "bird friendly". Sure, these varieties might cost a little more. But we're paying for the health of the birds, the land, ourselves, and the planet. I think it's worth it.
31. What is the main idea of this passage?
A. Farmers are changing the way they grow coffee.
B. Coffee is becoming more expensive to produce.
C. Shade-grow coffee is more expensive than sun-grow coffee.
D. People should buy shade-grown coffee.
32. The function of the word "traditionally" in Paragraph 2 is to show__________.
A. the positive effects of coffee.
B. a change of coffee growth.
C. something that is the most important.
D. how coffee production used to be.
33. What does increased production of full-sun coffee bring about?
A. More insects.
B. Better quality coffee.
C. Larger farms.
D. Higher profits.
34. How do farmers find more land for growing full-sun coffee?
A. They buy more land from other farmers.
B. They cut down trees.
C. They move to another country.
D. They turn grassland into farmland.
35. The full-sun method may affect the following EXCEPT__________.
A. insects.
B. air.
C. birds.
D. humans.
Washoe Learned American Sign Language
An animal that influenced scientific thought has died. A chimpanzee named Washoe and born in Africa died of natural causes late last month at the age of 42 at a research center in the American state of Washington. Washoe had become known in the scientific community and around the world for her ability to use American Sign Language. She was said to be the first non-human to learn a human language. Her skills also led to debate about primates and their ability to understand language.
Research scientists Allen and Beatrix Gardner began teaching Washoe sign language in 1966.
In 1969, the Gardners described Washoe's progress in a scientific report. The people who experimented with Washoe said she grew to understand about 250 words. For example, Washoe made signs to communicate when it was time to eat. She could request foods like apples and bananas. She also asked questions like, "Who is coming to play?" Once the news about Washoe spread, many language scientists began studies of their own into this new and exciting area of research. The whole direction of primate research changed.
However, critics argued Washoe only learned to repeat sign language movements from
watching her teachers. They said she had never developed true language skills. Even now, there are some researchers who suggest that primates learn sign language only by memory, and perform the signs only for prizes. Yet Washoe's keepers disagree. Roger Fouts is a former student of the Gardners. He took Washoe to a research center in Ellensburg, Washington. There, Washoe taught sign language to three younger chimpanzees, which are still alive.
Scientists like private researcher Jane Goodall believe Washoer provided new information about the mental workings of chimpanzees. Today, there are not as many scientists studying language skills with chimps. Part of the reason is that this kind of research takes a very long time.
Debate continues about chimps understanding of human communication. Yet, one thing is sure-- Washoe changed popular ideas about the possibilities of animal intelligence.
36. The Gardners' experiment with Washoe__________.
A. began in 1969.
B. won a big prize.
C. lasted three years.
D. influenced primate research.
37. The second paragraph mainly discusses__________.
A.a report about Washoe's progress in learning sign language.
B. the whole direction of primate research.
C. new primate researches conducted by many language scientists.
D. an experiment with Washoe at a research center in Africa.
38. The Gardners' experiment with Washoe was criticized because it can__________.
A. just ask some simple questions.
B. only copy teachers' sign language.
C. only memorize about 250 words.
D. just repeat short sentences.
39. According to the passage, which of the following is true?
A. Roger Fours taught sign language to three younger chimpanzees.
B. Washoe was the first chimp to use American Sign Language.
C. A chimpanzee died of natural causes in Africa at a research center.
D. Nowadays there are still lots of scientists experimenting with chimpanzees.
40. We can draw a conclusion from the last paragraph that__________.
A. whether chimps can learn a human language remains unanswered.
B. primates have the ability to speak a language.
C. animals can's learn a human sign.
D. Washoe is as intelligent as humans.
Moderate Earthquake Strikes England
A moderate earthquake struck parts of southeast England on 28 April 2007, toppling chimneys from houses and rousing residents from their beds. Several thousand people were left without power in Kent County. One woman suffered minor head and neck injuries.
"It felt as if the whole house was being slid across like a fun-fair ride," said the woman.
The British Geological Survey said the 4.3-magnitude quake struck at 8:19 a.m. and was centered under the English Channel, about 8.5 miles south of Dover and near the entrance to the Channel Tunnel.
Witnesses said cracks appeared in walls and chimneys collapsed across the county. Residents said the tremor had lasted for about 10 to 15 seconds.
"I was lying in bed and it felt as if someone had just got up from bed next to me." Said Hendrick van Eck,27, of Canterbury about 60 miles southeast of London." I then heard the sound of cracking, and it was getting heavier and heavier. It felt as if someone was at the end of my bed hopping up and down."
There are thousands of moderate quakes on this scale around the world each year, but they are rare in Britain. The April 28 quake was the strongest in Britain since 2002 when a 4.8-magnitude quake struck the central England city of Birmingham.
The country's strongest earthquake took place in the North Sea in 193 l, measuring 6.1 on the Richter scale. British Geological Survey scientist Roger Musson said the quake took place on 28 April in an area that had seen several of the biggest earthquakes ever to strike Britain, including one in 1580 that caused damage in London and was felt in France. Musson predicted that it was only a matter of time before another earthquake struck this part of England. However, people should not be scared too much by this prediction, Musson said, as the modern earthquake warning system of Britain should be able to detect a forthcoming quake and announce it several hours before it takes place. This would allow time for people to evacuate and reduce damage to the minimum.
41. The biggest earthquake took place in Britain__________.
A. in 1931.
B. in 1580.
C. in2002.
D. in2007.
42. Theword "collapsed" in Paragraph 4 most probably means__________.
A. fell apart.
B. flew off.
C. shook up.
D. blew out.
43. The phrase "this scale" in Paragraph 6 refers to__________.
A.4.8-magnitude quake.
B.4.3-magnitude quake.
C.5.8 on the Richter scale.
D.6.1 on the Richter scale.
44. The following statements are true EXCEPT__________.
A. the quake caused a power failure in Kent County.
B. the tremor lasted for 10-15 seconds.
C. people in Canterbury felt strong quake.
D. the quake was centered under the Channel Tunnel.
45. It can be learnt from the last paragraph that__________.
A. moderate earthquakes often strike London in the history.
B. earthquake warning system of Britain can predict them.
C. another earthquake is predicted to occur in England.
D. the French also felt the earthquake taking place on 28, April.
答案與解析
31.A。題干：這篇文章的大意為_(kāi)_________。主旨題。從各段的首尾句來(lái)看，第二段至第四段談?wù)摰氖窍蜿?yáng)種植咖啡的弊端，第五段談的是人們開(kāi)始在向陰的地方種植咖啡，由此可以看出人們種植咖啡的方式發(fā)生了改變，所以該題答案為A(農(nóng)民們正在改變他們種植咖啡的方式。)
32.B。題干：第二段中“traditionally”一詞的功能是為了說(shuō)明__________。細(xì)節(jié)題。利用題目關(guān)鍵詞定位到第二段的首句，從中可知“傳統(tǒng)上，咖啡樹(shù)被種植在高大的樹(shù)的樹(shù)冠之下”，后一句“但是，拉美地區(qū)越來(lái)越多的農(nóng)民砍伐森林來(lái)種植完全向陽(yáng)的咖啡樹(shù)”，由此可知前后句就咖啡樹(shù)的種植方式形成對(duì)比，因此traditionally是為了說(shuō)明過(guò)去與現(xiàn)在種植方式的不同，因而答案為B。選項(xiàng)D具有較大的迷惑性，但是第一句和第二句談?wù)摰氖强Х鹊姆N植，而非咖啡的生產(chǎn)。因而，本題答案為B(咖啡種植的改變)。
33.D。題干：向陽(yáng)種植的咖啡產(chǎn)量增加導(dǎo)致了什么?細(xì)節(jié)題。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞increasedproduction可以定位到第二段最后一句，可知產(chǎn)量的增加帶來(lái)了利潤(rùn)的增加，故D(高的利潤(rùn))為正確答案。
34.B。題干：農(nóng)民如何找到更多的地來(lái)向陽(yáng)種植咖啡?細(xì)節(jié)題。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞find moreland可以定位到第二段的第二句，可知越來(lái)越多的拉美人正在砍伐森林來(lái)種植咖啡樹(shù)，故B(他們將樹(shù)砍到)為正確答案。
35.B。題干：向陽(yáng)種植咖啡的方法可能對(duì)下列之外都有影響。細(xì)節(jié)題。分別定位四個(gè)選項(xiàng)可以定位到第三和四段，如第三段提到因?yàn)橐N植咖啡樹(shù)，本地的鳥(niǎo)類賴以筑巢和躲避捕食者的樹(shù)木被砍掉了，第四段提到化肥和殺蟲(chóng)劑殺死了以咖啡樹(shù)為食的昆蟲(chóng)，而鳥(niǎo)類吃了這些中毒的昆蟲(chóng)而死亡，化學(xué)物質(zhì)殺死或使動(dòng)物生病，然后將毒性帶入到人們飲水的水域中。所以可見(jiàn)昆蟲(chóng)、鳥(niǎo)類和人類都受到了影響，故本題答案為B(空氣)。
36.D。題干：Gardners對(duì)Washoe的實(shí)驗(yàn)__________。細(xì)節(jié)題。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞Gardners’experiment with Washoe進(jìn)行定位，無(wú)法定位到第二段的前兩句，從中可知實(shí)驗(yàn)開(kāi)始于1966年，在1969年Gardners在其科學(xué)報(bào)告中描述了Washoe學(xué)習(xí)手語(yǔ)的緊張情況，由此可知選項(xiàng)A與C與文章信息不一致;分別定位選項(xiàng)8和D的關(guān)鍵詞，發(fā)現(xiàn)文章沒(méi)有提及獲獎(jiǎng)的事情，但是利用選項(xiàng)D的關(guān)鍵詞可以定位到第二段的結(jié)尾兩句，從中可知隨著Washoe學(xué)習(xí)手語(yǔ)的消息的傳播，許多語(yǔ)言科學(xué)家開(kāi)始了這個(gè)新領(lǐng)域的研究，由此改變了靈長(zhǎng)目類動(dòng)物研究的方向，所以選項(xiàng)D(影響了有關(guān)靈長(zhǎng)目動(dòng)物的研究)為正確答案。
37.A。題干：第二段主要討論了__________。主旨題。仔細(xì)閱讀該段的首尾句，針對(duì)Washoe的實(shí)驗(yàn)開(kāi)始于l966年，這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)改變了靈長(zhǎng)目動(dòng)物研究的方向，談?wù)摱际羌?xì)節(jié)，不是主題，而中間的其它句子談?wù)摰亩际荊ardners的有關(guān)Washoe學(xué)習(xí)手語(yǔ)的報(bào)告的內(nèi)容，故A(有關(guān)Washoe學(xué)習(xí)手語(yǔ)的進(jìn)步的報(bào)告)是正確答案。
38.B。題干：Gardners對(duì)Washoe的實(shí)驗(yàn)受到批評(píng)是因?yàn)開(kāi)_________。細(xì)節(jié)題。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞criticize可以定位到第三段的首句，即批評(píng)家認(rèn)為Washoe只會(huì)觀察和重復(fù)老師的手語(yǔ)動(dòng)作，由此可以推知B(僅僅復(fù)制老師的手語(yǔ)。)是正確答案。
39.B。題干：根據(jù)短文，下列哪項(xiàng)是正確的?判斷題。利用選項(xiàng)A的關(guān)鍵詞Roger Fours和three可以定位到第三段的最后一句，可知是Washoe教三只年幼的猩猩學(xué)習(xí)手語(yǔ)，而不是Roger Fouts，所以選項(xiàng)A與原文信息不一致;利用選項(xiàng)B的關(guān)鍵詞Washoe和first可以定位到第一段的倒數(shù)第二旬，可知Washoe被認(rèn)為是第一個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)手語(yǔ)的非人類動(dòng)物，由此可知選項(xiàng)B與原文信息一致;利用選項(xiàng)C的關(guān)鍵詞可以定位到第一段的第二句，可知一只在美國(guó)華盛頓州研究中心的猩猩因?yàn)樽匀辉蛟谏蟼�(gè)月末死亡，所以選項(xiàng)c與原文信息不一致;利用選項(xiàng)D的關(guān)鍵詞進(jìn)行定位，沒(méi)有發(fā)現(xiàn)相關(guān)信息。因而該題答案為B(Washoe是第一只使用美國(guó)手語(yǔ)的猩猩)。
40.A。題干：從最后一段我們可以得出結(jié)論__________。推斷題。從最后一段來(lái)看，有關(guān)猩猩是否理解人類交流的爭(zhēng)論仍將繼續(xù)，但是有一點(diǎn)可以確定的是，Washoe改變了有關(guān)動(dòng)物智力的可能性的一般看法，故該題答案為A(是否猩猩能學(xué)會(huì)人類語(yǔ)言仍舊沒(méi)有答案)。
41.A。題干：英國(guó)最大的地震發(fā)生在__________。細(xì)節(jié)題。該題定位選項(xiàng)更容易，分別定位選項(xiàng)中的四個(gè)時(shí)間，可以定位到第七段的第一句，可知這個(gè)國(guó)家最嚴(yán)重的地震是l931年發(fā)生于北海的那次，震級(jí)6.1，所以A(1931年)為正確答案。
42.A。題干：第四段中的“collapsed”的意思是__________。猜詞題。collapse意為“倒塌，崩潰”;同時(shí)，利用題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第四段的首句，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)分別代入后，墻壁開(kāi)裂，煙囪倒塌，比較符合語(yǔ)境，所以該題正確答案為A(散開(kāi)，崩裂)。
43.B。題干：第六段中的“this scale”指的是。指代題。從第六段的首句來(lái)看，每年全世界都有上千次這個(gè)震級(jí)的中型地震，因而this scale指的是第五段提到的地震，第五段是Hendrick回顧4月28號(hào)地震的情況，由此可以推知談?wù)摰氖?月28日的地震這樣的震級(jí)，從第三段可知該次地震為4.3級(jí)，故該題答案為B(4.3級(jí)的地震)。
44.D。題干：下列說(shuō)法都是對(duì)的，除了一。判斷題。利用選項(xiàng)A的關(guān)鍵詞Kent可以定位到第一段的倒數(shù)第二句，可知數(shù)千人離開(kāi)沒(méi)有電力的Kent縣，題干信息與原文信息一致;利用選項(xiàng)B的關(guān)鍵詞10一15 seconds可以定位到第四段第二句，可知地震持續(xù)了約10——15秒鐘，題干信息與原文信息一致;利用選項(xiàng)C的關(guān)鍵詞Canterbury可以定位到第五段，來(lái)自Canterbury的Hendfick描述了地震發(fā)生時(shí)所感受的情況，題干信息與原文信息一致;利用選項(xiàng)D的關(guān)鍵詞Channel Tunnel可以定位到第三段，可知震中是在English Channel，題干信息與原文信息不一致;因此該題的答案為D(震中位于Channel Tunnel之下)。
45.B。題干：根據(jù)最后一段可以推斷出__________。推斷題。最后一段however之前描述了4月28曰地震的情況，而且預(yù)測(cè)該地區(qū)發(fā)生另外一場(chǎng)地震只是時(shí)間問(wèn)題，however之后說(shuō)人們不用過(guò)分擔(dān)心，因?yàn)橛?guó)的預(yù)警系統(tǒng)可以探測(cè)到將要發(fā)生的地震，并可以在地震發(fā)生前幾小時(shí)予以宣布，由此可以推斷英國(guó)的預(yù)警系統(tǒng)可以預(yù)測(cè)地震，故該題答案為B(英國(guó)的地震預(yù)警系統(tǒng)可以預(yù)測(cè)地震)。
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