英語(yǔ)4級(jí)長(zhǎng)篇閱讀的技巧
英語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)篇閱讀往往是閱讀的難點(diǎn)，那么英語(yǔ)4級(jí)長(zhǎng)篇閱讀的技巧到底有什么呢?
1、并列、因果關(guān)系：
邏輯關(guān)系包含：并列、舉例、因果、遞進(jìn)等等。而緊排在轉(zhuǎn)折之后，相對(duì)在歷年真題中較多出現(xiàn)的考查處，分別是：并列和因果。
常見(jiàn)表并列的詞語(yǔ)：and, while(同時(shí)), meanwhile, also;
值得注意的是：兩個(gè)句子之間用分號(hào)(;)隔開(kāi)，也表并列。
常見(jiàn)表因果的詞語(yǔ)：because, why, the reason, for, so, since, as a result等。
同樣值得注意的是：當(dāng)why引導(dǎo)一個(gè)問(wèn)句時(shí)，考點(diǎn)出處往往是緊接著回答此問(wèn)題的句子或相鄰的幾個(gè)羅列點(diǎn)或相連幾段話的首句。
并列和因果都比較難以察覺(jué)，需要同學(xué)平時(shí)練習(xí)過(guò)程中就有意識(shí)地對(duì)這兩種邏輯關(guān)系進(jìn)行關(guān)注。
例2：(因果)American tourists, however, shouldn’t expect any relief soon. The dollar lost strength the way many marriages break up- slowly, and then all at once. And currencies don’t turn on a dime. So if you want to avoid the pain inflicted by the increasingly pathetic dollar, cancel that summer vacation to England and look to New England. There, the dollar is still treated with a little respect.
55. What is the author’s advice to Americans?
A. They treat the dollar with a little respect
B. They try to win in the weak-dollar gamble
C. They vacation at home rather than abroad
D. They treasure their marriages all the more.
【答案】C
【解析】面對(duì)美元貶值給美國(guó)人帶來(lái)的民族自尊上的困擾，作者給美國(guó)人提出建議：如果想要避免困擾，最好取消去英國(guó)的旅行，轉(zhuǎn)而前往新英格蘭(美國(guó)的一個(gè)地區(qū))旅行。換句話說(shuō)，作者建議取消去國(guó)外的旅行，轉(zhuǎn)而在國(guó)內(nèi)旅行。
2、轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系：
四六級(jí)大綱在閱讀理解部分都指出：測(cè)試學(xué)生通過(guò)閱讀獲取書(shū)面信息的.能力。因此，為了有針對(duì)性的考查大家對(duì)書(shū)面信息的獲取能力，經(jīng)過(guò)對(duì)歷年真題的歸納總結(jié)發(fā)現(xiàn)，四六級(jí)考點(diǎn)出處有一定特征。其中第一大特征就是在邏輯關(guān)系處出考題。常見(jiàn)轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：but, however, yet, nevertheless, while(然而), on the contrary等等。
例1：A few months ago, it wasn't unusual for 47-year-old Carla Toebe to spend 15 hours per day online. She'd wake up early, turn on her laptop and chat on Internet dating sites and instant-messaging programs - leaving her bed for only brief intervals. Her household bills piled up, along with the dishes and dirty laundry, but it took near-constant complaints from her four daughters before she realized she had a problem.(2010.6, cet4 )
51. What eventually made Carla Toebe realize she was spending too much time on the Internet?
A. The poorly managed state of her house.
B. The high financial costs adding up.
C. Fatigue resulting from lack of sleep.
D. Her daughter's repeated complaints.
【答案】D
【解析】本段主要描述了Carla Toebe因上網(wǎng)嚴(yán)重影響到生活，最后一句后半句通過(guò)轉(zhuǎn)折指出，是她4個(gè)女兒的不停抱怨才讓她最終意識(shí)到自己有了問(wèn)題(had a problem)，而這一問(wèn)題正是題干中提到的“spending too much time on the Internet”。
3、標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)：
下面講解閱讀考點(diǎn)�？汲鎏幍淖詈笠粋�(gè)特征：總有部分題目出自引人注目的 —— 標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)處。在四六級(jí)閱讀過(guò)程中，引人注目的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)，不得不關(guān)注的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)主要有兩類：1. 引號(hào);2. 小括號(hào)。
1. 引號(hào)
1)尤其是當(dāng)引號(hào)表示著重強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)
如：
They are using fewer of the very deferential “women’s” forms, and even using the few strong forms that are know as “men’s” .
2)某人說(shuō)的話，能夠集中表達(dá)一個(gè)事實(shí)或觀點(diǎn)時(shí)
如：
"If it's a loss [where] you're not getting to work, and family relationships are breaking down as a result, then it's too much." said Maressa Orzack, a Harvard University professor.
2. 小括號(hào)
小括號(hào)()中間加一個(gè)漢語(yǔ)注釋，非常容易引起大家的注意。此處就不贅述。我們還是通過(guò)真題舉例來(lái)看具體考察情況吧。
例4(引號(hào))：Toebe also regularly visits a site where posters discuss Internet overuse. In August, when she first realized she had a problem, she posted a message on a Yahoo Internet addiction group with the subject line: "I have an Internet Addiction."(2010, 6, cet4)
8. In one of the messages she posted on a website, Toebe admitted that she ______.
【答案】had an Internet Addiction
【解析】首先分析結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本空所填內(nèi) 容是充當(dāng)that賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)，主句的admitted表明謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)用過(guò)去時(shí)。原文提到Toebe在雅虎的一個(gè)上網(wǎng)成癮群里發(fā)了一條消息，引號(hào)中的內(nèi)容為 這條小的的主題：“我有網(wǎng)癮”。由此可知，Toebe承認(rèn)自己“上網(wǎng)成癮”。故答案根據(jù)時(shí)態(tài)要求進(jìn)行修改為：had an Internet Addiction.
4、特殊標(biāo)記：
細(xì)心的同學(xué)會(huì)在以前的四六級(jí)大綱中發(fā)現(xiàn)，快速閱讀部分寫(xiě)到：“要求考生運(yùn)用略讀和查讀的技能從篇章中獲取信息�！翱己藢W(xué)生利用各種提示，快速查找特定信息的能力。這些提示包括文中的以下信息：
1. 數(shù)字
2. 大寫(xiě)單詞
3. 段首或句首詞等
很顯然，這一條不僅適用于快速閱讀，也適用于仔細(xì)閱讀。
例3：Richard Got professor of astrophysics at Princeton, hopes man will set up a self-sufficient colony on Mars, which would be a “l(fā)ife insurance policy against whatever catastrophes, natural or otherwise, might occur on Earth. (2008.6, cet6)
66. According to Princeton professor Richard Gott, by setting up a self-sufficient colony on Mars, Humans_____.
A. might survive all catastrophes on earth
B. might acquire ample natural resources
C. will be able to travel to Mars freely
D. will move there to live a better life
【答案】A
【解析】題干中setting up a self-sufficient colony on Mars可在原文中直接找到，原文中which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句表示的內(nèi)容就是setting up a self-sufficient colony on Mars所帶來(lái)的影響：人類能夠應(yīng)對(duì)地球上各種各樣的災(zāi)難從而幸存下來(lái)。A選項(xiàng)中的survive all catastrophes on earth 是對(duì)原文的同義轉(zhuǎn)述。
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