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大學(xué)英語四級(jí)閱讀理解題的解題技巧
大學(xué)英語四級(jí)的考試中，考生要掌握一些解題技巧來解答閱讀理解題。為此百分網(wǎng)小編為大家?guī)泶髮W(xué)英語四級(jí)考試的閱讀理解題的一些解題小技巧。
英語四級(jí)閱讀理解題的解題技巧：細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題
這是四級(jí)英語閱讀中數(shù)量最多、也最重要的一種題型，可以從下列幾個(gè)方面把握：
1. 題型特點(diǎn)
根據(jù)文章中具體細(xì)節(jié)信息做出提問。細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題的考查內(nèi)容和形式可以歸納為二種類型：
(1)According型：題干一般圍繞5W和1H而展開。即who，what，where，when，why，how;
(2)隱含的事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)型：需要在讀懂全文的基礎(chǔ)上，綜合概括作者展示的各種細(xì)節(jié)。
2. 標(biāo)志
(1)題干中明確提到人名、地名、數(shù)字時(shí)間等細(xì)節(jié)性信息;
(2)往往針對(duì)文章中可以定位的一句話或幾句話設(shè)計(jì)問題;
(3)題干和選項(xiàng)之間有時(shí)是因果關(guān)系。
3. 關(guān)鍵詞
包括數(shù)字、時(shí)間、專有名詞——如人名、地名、學(xué)科名詞或帶引號(hào)的詞。
4. 命題模式
According to the passage / the author，who(what, where, which, when, why, how etc。)
5. 做題關(guān)鍵：準(zhǔn)確定位、返回原文。
(1)根據(jù)題干中的明確關(guān)鍵詞返回原文;
(2)根據(jù)題干中的重點(diǎn)詞或其同義詞(如名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞等)返回原文;
(3)根據(jù)原文中的特殊語言現(xiàn)象，要善于利用因果、類比、時(shí)間、空間的關(guān)系將零碎的細(xì)節(jié)組成一個(gè)邏輯分明的有機(jī)體。如轉(zhuǎn)折詞but、however、yet等定位。
6. 做題步驟
(1)根據(jù)段落中主題句的`名詞粗略確定段落內(nèi)容方向; (2)利用題干提問的內(nèi)容，大致定位對(duì)應(yīng)的段落;
(3)利用題干中的重要信息詞準(zhǔn)確確定相關(guān)信息句，進(jìn)行判斷并確定細(xì)節(jié)題的正確答案。
7. 注意事項(xiàng)
干擾選項(xiàng)的特征：
(1) 正反混淆選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容和作者在原文中提到的信息相反。
(2) 偷換概念選項(xiàng)提到了原文的內(nèi)容，但是卻將原文對(duì)應(yīng)部分中的另一個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞或短語換成了意思不同的其他詞匯。
(3) 無中生有就是說選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)了原文沒有提到或推導(dǎo)不出的形容詞或名詞。
(4) 因果倒置選項(xiàng)中涉及的兩部分之間的因果關(guān)系與原文所說的因果關(guān)系正好相反，將原文的因換成了果或者將原文的果換成了因。
(5) 擴(kuò)大范圍將原文的特指(只適用于部分的情況)變?yōu)榉褐?適用于全部的情況)。例如， 在選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)表示泛指的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，要注意該名詞在原文的范圍。如果選項(xiàng)中所說的情況只適用于主語所指的一部分，那么這一選項(xiàng)就是干擾選項(xiàng)。注意，上述干擾選項(xiàng)的特征也適用于判斷其他題型的干擾選項(xiàng)。
英語四級(jí)閱讀理解題的解題技巧：作者態(tài)度(觀點(diǎn))題
1. 題型特點(diǎn)
態(tài)度題是四級(jí)英語閱讀中的一種重要題型，主要考查對(duì)文章中作者態(tài)度的辨別。作者態(tài)度大致分為兩種：(1)支持或贊同;(2)中立或客觀;(3)懷疑、批評(píng)或反對(duì)。
2. 標(biāo)志
題干中有attitude或think, believe，deem，consider，regard等詞匯，選項(xiàng)中是一些表示態(tài)度的名詞或形容詞。
3. 關(guān)鍵詞
可以反映作者觀點(diǎn)的動(dòng)詞、形容詞等。
4. 命題模式 作者態(tài)度題：
(1) The author is most critical of 。
(2) Which of the following can best describe the attitude of the author towards…? 作者觀點(diǎn)題：
(1) What is the author’s idea about? (2) The author believes that 。
5. 做題關(guān)鍵、技巧
(1) 不要把自己的態(tài)度揉入其中，還要注意區(qū)分考查是作者的態(tài)度還是作者引用別人的態(tài)度。 (2) 當(dāng)作者的態(tài)度沒有明確提出時(shí)，要學(xué)會(huì)根據(jù)作者在文章中所運(yùn)用的具有褒貶含義的語言去判斷作者的'態(tài)度，如，wonderfully, successfully, unfortunately, doubtfully 等。
(3) 某一事物是好是壞，作者對(duì)它是支持是反對(duì)，態(tài)度一般都很明確，而帶中立色彩的詞最不可能是正確答案。問作者對(duì)某事物的態(tài)度時(shí)，表示“客觀”的詞多為正確選項(xiàng)，如objective, impartial, unbiased 等;問作者對(duì)文中提到的人物或他們的觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度時(shí)，答案多是肯定或否定，支持或反對(duì)。如，critical, approval, opposed, supporting 等。
(4) 既然作者寫了文章，他的態(tài)度就不可能是漠不關(guān)心的，因此見到indifferent, uninterested 可以首先排除。
6. 注意事項(xiàng)
解答態(tài)度觀點(diǎn)題應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)： (1) 區(qū)別作者的態(tài)度與其他人的態(tài)度。
(2) 下列選項(xiàng)一般為干擾選項(xiàng)：indifferent(冷漠的)，subjective(主觀的)，biased(有偏見的)，puzzling(令人感到迷惑的)。
英語四級(jí)閱讀理解題型
According to a survey, which was based on the responses of over 188,000 students, today’s traditional-agecollege freshmen are ”more materialistic and less altruistic (利他主義的)” than at any time in the 17 years of the poll.
Not surprising in these hard times, the student’s major objective “is to be financially well off. Less important than ever is developing a meaningful philosophy of life.” It follows then that today the most popular course is not literature or history but accounting.
Interest in teaching, social service and the“altruistic”fields is at a low. On the other hand, enrollment in business programs, engineering and computer science is way up.
That’s no surprise either. A friend of mine (a sales representative for a chemical company) was making twice the salary of her college instructors her first year on the job-even before she completed her two-yearassociate degree.
While it’s true that we all need a career, it is equally true that our civilization has accumulated an incredible amount of knowledge in fields far removed from our own and that we are better for our understanding of these other contributions m be they scientific or artistic. It is equally true that, in studying thediverse wisdom of others, we learn how to think. More important, perhaps, education teaches us to see the connections between things, as well as to see beyond our immediate needs.
Weekly we read of unions who went on strike for higher wages, only to drive their employer out of business.No company; no job. How shortsighted in the long run!
But the most important argument for a broad education is that in studying the accumulated wisdom of the ages, we improve our moral sense. I saw a cartoon recently which shows a group of businessmen looking puzzled as they sit around a conference table; one of them is talking on the intercom (對(duì)講機(jī)): “Miss Baxter,”he says, “could you please send in someone who can distinguish right from wrong?”
From the long-term point of view, that’s what education really ought to be about.
練習(xí)題：
Choose correct answers to the question:
1. According to the author’s observation, college students _______.
A. have never been so materialistic as today
B. have never been so interested in the arts
C. have never been so financially well off as today
D. have never attached so much importance to moral sense
2. The students’ criteria for selecting majors today have much to do with _______.
A. the influences of their instructors
B. the financial goals they seek in life
C. their own interpretations of the courses
D. their understanding of the contributions of others
3. By saying “While it’s true that ... be they scientific or artistic” (Lines 1-3, Para. 5), the author means that _______.
A. business management should be included in educational programs
B. human wisdom has accumulated at an extraordinarily high speed
C. human intellectual development has reached new heights
D. the importance of a broad education should not be overlooked
4. Studying the diverse wisdom of others can ________.
A. create varying artistic interests
B. help people see things in their right perspective
C. help improve connections among people
D. regulate the behavior of modern people
5. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
A. Businessmen absorbed in their career are narrow-minded.
B. Managers often find it hard to tell right from wrong.
C. People engaged in technical jobs lead a more rewarding life.
D. Career seekers should not focus on immediate interests only.
1.[A]事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第1段可知，根據(jù)調(diào)査，當(dāng)今處于傳統(tǒng)年齡的大學(xué)一年級(jí)的學(xué)生在17年來的民意測(cè)驗(yàn)中是“最追求物質(zhì)享受、最自私的”，這與A所述相一致。
2.[B]事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第2段第1句指出現(xiàn)在大學(xué)生選擇專業(yè)的目的是為了經(jīng)濟(jì)上的富裕，B中的financial goals對(duì)應(yīng)文中的financial well off，故正確。
3.[D]句意理解題。本句首選強(qiáng)調(diào)Career職業(yè)的重要性，之后強(qiáng)啁我們也必須理解其他領(lǐng)域的'知識(shí)，所以這句目的是強(qiáng)調(diào)全面教育的重要性，故D正確。
4.[B]事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第5段第2句：同樣毋庸置疑的還有，學(xué)習(xí)他人的各種智慧時(shí)，我們也學(xué)會(huì)怎樣去思考。句中how to think與B中的see things in…right perspective意思最為相反，故B正確。
5.[D]事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章的第5至6段可知，作者認(rèn)為罷工要求加薪等一些追求眼前利益的行為是目光短淺的，故D正確。
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