托福獨立口語技巧之學會改述

　　托福口語考試分為獨立任務和綜合任務兩個部分，獨立任務一般要求考生對所給問題提出自己的看法和觀點;而綜合任務則更多考察考生對于材料的復述能力。對于很多考生而言，大量練習掌握了答題技巧后，對于綜合口語任務的答題思路會更清晰，而且由于原題中的閱讀和聽力部分提供了大量的語料，所以總結復述起來相對會比獨立任務輕松一些。

　　獨立任務考察的話題相對而言更為多樣、廣泛，所以很多考生覺得摸不著答題的脈絡，會背誦一些模板去組織自己答案的框架，甚至在考場中直接背誦答案的內容和例子，但往往最終都得到一個遠比自己口語能力低很多的分數。

　　首先，要改造題干。在托福口語的評分細則中明確指出考生如果使用太多題干詞匯，得分就會偏低。有考生曾經對一個話題“A school is planning to organize its students to visit the workplace.Which place do you recommend the students to visit? 1. A science lab; 2. Abusiness office; 3. A TV studio.Use specific details and examples tosupport your response.”做出了如下開頭式的回答：“If a school is planning to organize its students to visit the workplace,I will choose go to a science lab.” 首先，這種開頭基本是對考題的照搬，如果題干很長的話，全部要復述出來也許要花費大概15秒的時間，僅僅只說了一個開頭;其次，這樣做沒有體現出一種變化性，只是一種簡單的重復。我們如果說：“I would rather visit the workplace…”這樣的開頭既簡潔，又能對題干進行很好的paraphrase。

　　其次，內容可以基于模板融入自己的例子進行改述。比如問道：“If visitors from another country planned to visit your country, wherewould you recommend they go? Explain your choice in detail.”這道題目就可以進行本土化的改造，加入自己生活城市的景點和當地特色。這樣做的目的.很簡單，大多數沒有認真準備或者沒有進行思考的答案一般說的比較泛泛，而人類語言和思維的共通性極容易讓你和其他人的觀點撞車，從而最多只能得到中等分數段。所以我們要想有一些變化就需要用到對例子的改述這種方法。比如有一個例子是關于美國的：“If I were asked to give suggestions about cities to foreign visitors, I wouldrecommend New York City--it is truly a city that never sleeps. There areendless things to do and see all year long. No matter what you're in the mood for,New York has it. Some great restaurants, hotels and shops are located in thiscity. I’d suggest the visitors start the day off by walking around in beautifulCentral Park, then have lunch downtown in The Village and go shopping in SoHo.In the evening, they could go see a Broadway show. Then, the next day, the sightseerscould visit the Statue of Liberty, walk around Times Square and maybe even seea New York Yankees baseball game. And, if they didn't want to spend a lot ofmoney, New York is the perfect city for people-watching.”

　　在這一段答案中，很棒的一個前提就是“it is truly a city that never sleeps”, 這就說明紐約對于游客來說是一個能從早玩到晚的城市，答案就顯得很充實。我們下面就對這個答案進行個性化改造，變成廣州版的。

　　If I were askedto give suggestions about cities to foreign visitors, I would recommendGuangzhou—it is truly a city that brings rich history and modern itemstogether. There are endless things to do and see all year long. No matter whatyou're in the mood for, GZ has it. Some fancy restaurants, hotels and shops arelocated in this city. I'd suggest the visitors start the day off by walkingaround in Zheng Jia Square, which is a central general store, and my friendscan taste traditionally Cantonese morning breakfast and go shopping in it. Inthe evening, they could see Canton Tower, a luminous TV station. Standing onthe top of skyscraper, they will overlook full views of GZ. Therefore, GZ is amust-visit city for my foreign friends.

　　當然，考生完全可以按照自己的喜好對上述模板進行本地化改述，而且建議考生們平時在做brainstorming的時候，可以將自己喜愛的電影、小說、音樂、人物、地點、食物、想法等都列出來，以方便做出自己的模板。這樣，對待托�？谡Z考試就不再像對待生硬的機器聊天，而更像是與自己的朋友傾訴和分享自己的愛好，觀點，從而做出自己喜歡而且獨特的答案。

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