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九年級(jí)下冊(cè)英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納
九年級(jí)下冊(cè)英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納1
1. I would rather watch TV shows than sports shows.我寧愿看電視劇而不愿看運(yùn)動(dòng)節(jié)目.
would rather…than…表“寧愿……而不愿”,與prefer…to…同義,但它們?cè)诮Y(jié)構(gòu)上不同.
前者是would rather do sth. than do sth.,= would do sth. rather than do sth.…;后者是prefer doing sth. to doing sth. =prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.
eg: I would rather stay at home than go out. = I prefer staying at home to going out.= I would stay at home rather than go out..=I prefer to stay at home rather go out.我寧愿呆在家中而不愿出去.
2. Was his wife still alive?他的妻子還活著嗎?
alive表“活著的”,常修飾人,而不修飾物.一般作表語或賓補(bǔ).
living同義,既可修飾人,也可修飾物.在句中既可作定語也可作表語.
eg: The old woman is still alive/living.(作表語)那個(gè)老人還活著.
The king wanted to keep Gulliver alive.(作賓補(bǔ))國(guó)王想讓格利佛活著.
There is no living things on Mars.(作定語)火星上沒有生物.
3. She ordered a scorpion to hide in the dark to attack him.
order sb. to do sth.命令/要求某人去做某事
order sth for sb./ sth.為某人/某物訂購某物
eg: The doctor ordered me to stay in bed.醫(yī)生命令我好好呆在床上休息.
He often orders books for his son.他經(jīng)常為他的兒子訂書.
She ordered a suit for her dog.她為她的狗訂購了一套衣服.
4. However, sometimes you do not forgive others.然而,你有時(shí)不會(huì)原諒別人.
forgive sb. sth.原諒某人某事
forgive sb. for doing sth.請(qǐng)求別人原諒所做的事
eg: She could forgive him anything.她會(huì)原諒他的任何事.
Please forgive me for disturbing you.請(qǐng)?jiān)徫掖驍_你了.
5. But in western countries, dogs are considered honest and good friends of humans
但是在西方國(guó)家,狗被認(rèn)為是誠(chéng)實(shí)的,是人類的.好朋友.
honest用作形容詞,表“誠(chéng)實(shí)的;正直的” .在句中可作定語,表語或賓補(bǔ).
He is an honest man. = The man is honest.
他是一個(gè)誠(chéng)實(shí)的人.
固定搭配: be honest with sb.對(duì)某人坦誠(chéng)相待
to be honest說實(shí)話,老實(shí)說
九年級(jí)下冊(cè)英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納2
1. by + doing通過……方式如：by studying with a group
by還可以表示：“在…旁”、“靠近”、“在…期間”、“用、”“經(jīng)過”、“乘車”等
如：I live by the river. I have to go back by ten o’clock.
The thief entered the room by the window. The student went to park by bus.
2. talk about談?wù)摚h論，討論
如：The students often talk about movie after class.學(xué)生們常常在課后討論電影。
talk to sb. === talk with sb.與某人說話
3.提建議的.句子：
�、賅hat/ how about +doing sth.?
如：What/ How about going shopping?
�、赪hy don’t you + do sth.?如：Why don’t you go shopping?
③Why not + do sth. ?如：Why not go shopping?
�、躄et’s + do sth.如：Let’s go shopping
⑤Shall we/ I + do sth.?如：Shall we/ I go shopping?
4. a lot許多常用于句末如：I eat a lot.我吃了許多。
5. too…to太…而不能常用的句型too+adj./adv. + to do sth.
如：I’m too tired to say anything.我太累了，什么都不想說。
6. aloud, loud與loudly的用法
三個(gè)詞都與"大聲"或"響亮"有關(guān)。
�、賏loud是副詞,重點(diǎn)在出聲能讓人聽見,但聲音不一定很大,
常用在讀書或說話上。通常放在動(dòng)詞之后。aloud沒有比較級(jí)
形式。如: He read the story aloud to his son.
他朗讀那篇故事給他兒子聽。
②loud可作形容詞或副詞。用作副詞時(shí),常與speak, talk,
laugh等動(dòng)詞連用,多用于比較級(jí),須放在動(dòng)詞之后。如:
She told us to speak a little louder.她讓我們說大聲一點(diǎn)。
�、踠oudly是副詞,與loud同義,有時(shí)兩者可替換使用,但往往
含有令人討厭或打擾別人的意思,可位于動(dòng)詞之前或之后。如: He does not talk loudly or laugh loudly in public.他不當(dāng)眾大聲談笑。
九年級(jí)下冊(cè)英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納3
被動(dòng)語態(tài)
Ⅰ.被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成形式be+Vt.p.p.
(一).語態(tài)是英語動(dòng)詞的一種形式，是用于表示主語和謂語之間的關(guān)系。英語語態(tài)分為主動(dòng)語態(tài)(active voice)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)(passive voice)兩種。
主動(dòng)語態(tài)是表示主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。如：1)Yesterday I parked my car outside the school.
被動(dòng)語態(tài)是表示主語是動(dòng)作的承受者。2)A sound of piano is heard in the hall.
(二)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的基本時(shí)態(tài)變化
在被動(dòng)語態(tài)的句子中，謂語部分的結(jié)構(gòu)是be+Vtp.p.(及物動(dòng)詞過去分詞)。其中be是變量，隨時(shí)態(tài)的變化而變化;動(dòng)詞的過去分詞是常量，永遠(yuǎn)不發(fā)生變化。當(dāng)然，這只是指謂語部分而言。be動(dòng)詞作為一個(gè)獨(dú)立的謂語動(dòng)詞有自己現(xiàn)在分詞(being)和過去分詞(been)。那么，下面我們來看看be在各種時(shí)態(tài)中的變化形式：被動(dòng)語態(tài)通常為八種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)形式。以do為例，各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)形式為：
1)am/is/are+done(過去分詞)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
2)has/have been done現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
3)am/is/are being done現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
4)was/were done一般過去時(shí)
5)had been done過去完成時(shí)
6)was/were being done過去進(jìn)行時(shí)
7)shall/will be done一般將來時(shí)
8)should/would be done過去將來時(shí)
�、�.一般來說，在我們?nèi)粘Ｉ钪�，能用主�?dòng)語態(tài)的時(shí)候就盡量不去用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。只有在下列情況中我們才用被動(dòng)語態(tài)：
英語里被動(dòng)語態(tài)的使用似乎比漢語要廣泛。英語的被動(dòng)語態(tài)常用在下列的場(chǎng)合：1)當(dāng)我們不知道動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者的時(shí)候，如：1.Look!There’s nothing here.Everything has been taken away.
2.My car has been moved!
2)當(dāng)我們不必提出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者的時(shí)候，如：I was born in 1960.
3)當(dāng)我們強(qiáng)調(diào)或側(cè)重動(dòng)作的承受者的時(shí)候，如：She is liked by everybody.
�、�.特殊的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)
1)帶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)：它的固定句式為“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+過去分詞”。也有個(gè)別帶to的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞例外，如：ought to和have to，它們的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)就只能在不定式中。例如：The debt must be paid off before next month那筆債務(wù)必須在下個(gè)月前付清。
2)帶有兩個(gè)賓語的主動(dòng)語態(tài)變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)
將這種主動(dòng)態(tài)的'句子完成被動(dòng)態(tài)的句子，可選兩個(gè)賓語中的任何一個(gè)作為被動(dòng)態(tài)句子的主語，而將另一個(gè)賓語作為“保留賓語”寫入被動(dòng)態(tài)的句中。但有一點(diǎn)要說明，那就是，如果你選直接賓語作“主語”，有時(shí)要在被動(dòng)態(tài)句子的“保留賓語”前加上合格的介詞。因?yàn)檫@些動(dòng)詞常有兩種句式，即：我們可以說give sb.sth.,send sb.sth.,buy sb.sth;我們也可以說give sth to sb,send sth to sb buy sth for sb。請(qǐng)看下面兩種情況的對(duì)照：
She sent me a novel on my birthday.
I was sent a novel on my birthday.
A novel was sent to me on my birthday.
3)關(guān)于帶有復(fù)合賓語的主動(dòng)態(tài)變成被動(dòng)態(tài)
如果將帶有復(fù)合賓語(既：賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語)的主動(dòng)語態(tài)的句子變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)的句子，我們只能選擇原來句子的賓語作被動(dòng)語態(tài)句子的主語;而這時(shí)，原句里的賓語補(bǔ)足語現(xiàn)在就變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)句子的“主語補(bǔ)足語”了。
The story made us laugh.(賓語補(bǔ)足語)
We were made to laugh by the story.(主語補(bǔ)足語)
4)在使役動(dòng)詞have，make，get以及感官動(dòng)詞see，watch，notice，hear，feel，observe等后面不定式作賓語補(bǔ)語時(shí)，在主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中不定式to要省略，但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，要加to。
Someone saw a stranger walk into the building.
A stranger was seen to walk into the building.
有些相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞詞組，如“動(dòng)詞+介詞”，“動(dòng)詞+副詞”等，也可以用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，但要把它們看作一個(gè)整體，不能分開。其中的介詞或副詞也不能省略。例The meeting is to be put off till Friday.
6)非謂語動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。v+ing形式及不定式to do也有被動(dòng)語態(tài)(一般時(shí)態(tài)和完成時(shí)態(tài))。例,I don’t like being laughed at in the public.There are two more trees to be planted.