雅思（IELTS）口語考試五種語調(diào)表達(dá)技巧

　　英語口語語調(diào)作為發(fā)音特征之一，在雅思口語評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中是很重要的部分。一個(gè)好的語調(diào)，能幫助大家更好地拿到雅思口語高分。所謂語調(diào)(intonation)，即說話的腔調(diào)，就是一句話里聲調(diào)(pitch)高低抑揚(yáng)輕重的配制和變化。世界上沒有一種語言是用單一的聲調(diào)說出的，以英語為例，英語有五種基本語調(diào)：升調(diào)(↗)、降調(diào)(↙)、升降調(diào)(∧)、降升調(diào)(∨)以及平調(diào)(→)。一句話除了詞匯意義(lexical meaning)還有語調(diào)意義(intonation meaning)。所謂詞匯意義就是話中所用詞的意義，而語調(diào)意義就是說話人用語調(diào)所表示的態(tài)度或口氣。一句話的詞匯意義加上語調(diào)意義才算是完全的意義。同樣的句子，語調(diào)不同，意思就會(huì)不同，有時(shí)甚至?xí)�相差千里。�?qǐng)看下例：

　　1) A：Jean, can you bring me the newspaper?

　　B：Sorry?(↗)

　　Jean用升調(diào)說“Sorry”，其意思是“I didn't hear you. Could you say that again, please?”

　　我們?cè)倏聪戮洌?/p>

　　2) A：Jean, can you bring me the newspaper?

　　B：Sorry.(↙)

　　在對(duì)話2中，Jean用降調(diào)說“Sorry”，顯然其意思是拒絕幫助或無能為力。

　　英語中的語調(diào)規(guī)則主要可以歸納為以下幾種情況：(1)陳述句、特殊疑問句、命令祈使句和感嘆句用降調(diào);(2)一般疑問句和婉轉(zhuǎn)祈使句用升調(diào);(3)選擇疑問句、列舉事物、以狀語(從句)開頭和賓語從句的主句用升降調(diào);(4)反意疑問句用降升調(diào);(5)主語前狀語(從句)后和并列連詞前后成分用降降調(diào)。

　　在實(shí)際生活中，你常常會(huì)自覺地運(yùn)用好各種語調(diào)來表達(dá)你的情感，比如說你想讓淘氣的孩子跟著你出去，就會(huì)用“降凋”的肯定的語氣說到“Come with me!”;如果你還沒有確定對(duì)方是否和你出去吃飯，就可以用“升調(diào)”問到“Come with me?”，表示“和我出去怎么樣啊”這種“試探性”的語氣;細(xì)細(xì)體會(huì)起來，“什么場(chǎng)合用什么語調(diào)”還真是很自然的事情。今后在看美國(guó)原版影片的時(shí)候，多多注意一下影片中人物的語音語調(diào)，模仿幾次之后，你就可以靈活運(yùn)用了。

　　一個(gè)音節(jié)的絕對(duì)調(diào)高是不重要的，而一個(gè)音節(jié)與另外一個(gè)的相對(duì)高度才是非常重要的。英語有四級(jí)能區(qū)別意義的調(diào)高：1)特高調(diào)(extra high)，即比正常的聲調(diào)高兩級(jí)，常在感情特別激動(dòng)或驚訝時(shí)使用。2)高調(diào)(high)，即比正常的聲調(diào)高一級(jí)，一般用于語句中關(guān)鍵性的重讀詞。3)中調(diào)(mid)，即說話人聲音的正常高度。4)低調(diào)(low)，即比正常的聲調(diào)低一級(jí)，一般是降調(diào)的最低點(diǎn)。

　　應(yīng)該按照說話人的態(tài)度來分語調(diào)模式，而不能按照句子的語法結(jié)構(gòu)來分。沒有所謂“疑問句的語調(diào)”或“陳述句的語調(diào)”。因?yàn)橐蓡柧浜完愂鼍涠伎梢杂酶鞣N語調(diào)模式來說。因此，對(duì)于我們中國(guó)的英語學(xué)習(xí)者來說，通過了解某種調(diào)型所表示的某種態(tài)度或口氣也就頗為重要。事實(shí)上，無論是在現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中還是在考試中，我們的學(xué)生常會(huì)因?yàn)閷?duì)這些知識(shí)缺乏了解而無法確定說話人的態(tài)度、感情、口吻和意圖等。然而這又是一個(gè)比較復(fù)雜的問題。

　　一句話中絕對(duì)調(diào)高及音調(diào)的`相對(duì)高度所包含的意義。眾所周知，人們?cè)谂d奮、驚訝或感情激動(dòng)時(shí)說話的語調(diào)較高，而在相反的情況下，語調(diào)則低。因此，在同一個(gè)場(chǎng)合中，如果一個(gè)人的語調(diào)明顯高于另一個(gè)，或明顯低于另一個(gè)，以此就可以推斷出該說話人的意思及態(tài)度。

　　這里我們要著重談?wù)勔痪湓捴姓Z調(diào)的相對(duì)高度的不同所包含的意義。一句話中的語調(diào)波峰一般都是句重音所在。通過一句話中的語調(diào)波峰所在，我們就可以了解說話人的意思。如人們讀“I live in the city.”這句話時(shí)，由于強(qiáng)調(diào)的對(duì)象不同，語調(diào)也就隨之發(fā)生了變化。現(xiàn)不妨比較如下：

　　I(↗)live in the city.(隱含著在場(chǎng)的其他人不住在城里的意思)

　　I live(↗)in the city.(表示我只是“住在”城里，其隱含的意思是“我不在城里工作”或其他意思)

　　I live in(↗)the city.(表示“我住在城里邊”，其隱含的意思是“我不住在城外”)

　　因此，對(duì)下面的對(duì)話所提問的問題進(jìn)行選擇時(shí)，就不難回答了。

　　3) M: Linda looked very tired these days.

　　W: She looked OK to me(↗).

　　Q: What does the woman think of Linda? (D)

　　[A]She saw Linda and me.

　　[B]Linda said she was fine.

　　[C]She looked up the word for me.

　　[D]She considered Linda was all right.

　　這句話里的句重音碰巧落在句子的最后一個(gè)單詞“me”上。因?yàn)榕�士用升調(diào)重讀“me”，這表示了女士有意與男士的看法形成對(duì)比，意思是：在你的眼里，她顯得疲憊，可在我看來，她沒什么問題。這表示了她那種無所謂的態(tài)度。

　　By the time the Montgomery Improvement Association chose the 26-year-old Martin Luther King Jr. as its leader, the hours-old bus boycott by the black citizens of Montgomery, Alabama, was already an overwhelming success. King would later write that his unanticipated call to leadership "happened so quickly that I did not have time to think in through." "It is probable that if I had, I would have declined the nomination."

　　Although press reports at the time focused on his inspiring oratory, King was actually a reluctant leader of a movement initiated by others.(The boycott began on Dec. 5 1955.) His subsequent writings and private correspondence reveal man whose inner doubts sharply contrast with his public persona. In the early days of his involvement, King was troubled by telephone threats, discord within the black community and Montgomery's "get tough" policy, to which king attributed his jailing on a minor traffic violation. One night, as he considered ways to "move out of the picture without appearing a coward," he began to pray aloud and, at that moment, "experienced the presence of the God as I had never experienced Him before."

　　He would later admit that when the boycott began, he was not yet firmly committed to Gandhian principles. Although he had been exposed to those teachings in college, he had remained skeptical. "I thought the only way we could solve our problem of segregation was an armed revolt," he recalled. "I felt that the Christian ethic of love was confined to inpidual relationships."

　　Only after his home was bombed in late January did king reconsider his views on violence. (At the time, he was seeking a gun permit and was protected by armed bodyguards.) Competing with each other to influence King were two ardent pacifists: Bayard Rustin, a black activist with the War Resisters League, and the Rev. Glenn E. Smiley, a white staff member of the Fellowship of Reconciliation. Rustin was shocked to discover a gun in King's house, while Smiley informed fellow pacifists that King's home was "an arsenal."

　　1. What did King think of his nomination as leader of the Montgomery Boycott?

　　A) He hadn't expected it. www.yingyusanji.com

　　B) He had to think about it carefully.

　　C) He would refuse to accept it.

　　D) He was prepared to accept it.

　　2. Why was King unwilling to lead the movement at first?

　　A) Because he doubted if the boycott would be successful.

　　B) Because he was troubled with a traffic accident at that time.

　　C) Because he thought he was too young to be a leader.

　　D) Because he himself didn't start the boycott.

　　3. Which of the following is Not mentioned as something that happened at the beginning of the black people's movement?

　　A) King was put into prison.

　　B) Black people disagreed with each other.

　　C) King's armed revolt proposal was turned down.

　　D) Black people found it hard to accept the policy pursued in Montgomery.

　　4. Which of the following was the immediate cause that made King change his view on violence?

　　A) The education he received in college.

　　B) The attack of his home.

　　C) The influence of two active non-violence advocates.

　　D) The verdict of the Supreme Court.

　　5. In Paragraph 4, the last sentence "King's home was 'an arsenal'" means

　　A) King's home was a place where people got together.

　　B) King's home was a place where people tested bombs.

　　C) King's home was a place where weapons were stored.

　　D) King's home was a place where bombs exploded.

　　一要大聲模仿。這一點(diǎn)很重要，模仿時(shí)要大大方方，清清楚楚，一板一眼，口形要到位，不能扭扭捏捏，小聲小氣地在嗓眼里嘟嚷。

　　二要隨時(shí)都準(zhǔn)備糾正自己說不好的單詞、短語等。有了這種意識(shí)，在模仿時(shí)就不會(huì)覺得單調(diào)、的枯燥，才能主動(dòng)、的有意識(shí)、的有目的地去模仿，這種模仿才是真正的模仿，才能達(dá)到模仿的目的，也就是要用心揣摩、的體會(huì)。建議大家最好還是參加一下雅思口語輔導(dǎo)，掌握更多的雅思口語技巧很重要。

　　三要堅(jiān)持長(zhǎng)期模仿。一般來說，純正、的優(yōu)美的語音、語調(diào)不是短期模仿所能達(dá)到的，需要一段時(shí)間，時(shí)間的長(zhǎng)短取于自學(xué)者的專心程度。

　　四要模仿語音。模仿時(shí)要一板一眼，口形要正確，用慢速模仿，以便把音發(fā)到位，待把音發(fā)準(zhǔn)了以后，再加快速度，用正常語速反復(fù)多說幾遍，直到達(dá)到不用想就能用正常語速把句子輕松地說出來(脫口而出)，對(duì)于自己讀不準(zhǔn)或較生疏的單詞要反復(fù)多聽?zhēng)妆�，然后再反�?fù)模仿，一個(gè)單詞一個(gè)單詞地練，在那些常用詞上下功夫，盡量模仿得像一些。

　　五要模仿詞組的讀法。有了第一步的基礎(chǔ)，這一步就容易多了。重點(diǎn)要放在熟練程度和流利程度上，要多練一下連讀、的同化等語音技巧。

　　六要段落及篇章模仿，重點(diǎn)在于提高流利程度。打開錄音機(jī)或收音機(jī)跟著模仿，“他”說你模仿，同步進(jìn)行。目的要提高口腔肌肉的反應(yīng)速度，使肌肉和大腦更加協(xié)調(diào)起來。

　　模仿練習(xí)時(shí)要注意一個(gè)問題，一般性格內(nèi)向的人，講話時(shí)易小聲小氣，這對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)英語語音語調(diào)很不利，要注意克服。另一方面是源于自卑心理，總以為自己英語水平太差，不敢開口，尤其是當(dāng)與口語水平比自己高的人對(duì)話時(shí)，更易出現(xiàn)這種情況�？朔�這種心理障礙，是學(xué)好雅思口語的前提。

　　以上內(nèi)容是有關(guān)如何練習(xí)才能提高雅思口語成績(jī)的詳細(xì)解答，如果你還不會(huì)說可以先從模仿別人開始練習(xí)，慢慢的你的雅思口語成績(jī)就會(huì)提高的，一定要持之以恒，最后祝愿大家在雅思口語考試中取得高分。

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