小升初英語語法大集錦:情態(tài)動(dòng)詞如何表達(dá)猜測
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用于肯定猜測
1. must用于肯定句,表示較有把握的推測,意為“準(zhǔn)是,一定”。后面接動(dòng)詞原形,表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在的推測。如:
-I've had no sleep for 48 hours. 我已經(jīng)48小時(shí)沒睡覺了。
-You must be very tired. 你一定很累了。
2. should用于肯定句中,語氣次之,意為“很可能,應(yīng)該”,指按常理推測。如:
They left yesterday. They should be home by now. 他們昨天就離開了,現(xiàn)在該到家了。
3. can用在肯定句中,表示理論上的可能性。如:
Smoking can cause cancer. 吸煙有可能引起癌癥。
4. may用在肯定句中,表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在把握不大的推測,意為“也許,可能”。如:
Don't play with the knife. You may cut yourself. 不要玩小刀,你可能會(huì)傷了自己。
5. could, might也可表示推測意義,常用在過去時(shí)態(tài)中;但在某些場合下,為了使語氣更緩和、更委婉,常用could, might代替can, may。如:
They saw something in the sky last night. It could/might be a UFO. 昨天晚上他們看見天空中有個(gè)東西。它有可能是不明飛行物。
You may/might/could be very tired. 你可能很累吧!
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用于否定猜測
1. 表示否定的推測時(shí),can't/couldn't語氣最強(qiáng),指“不可能”,帶有驚異、懷疑的感情色彩。如:
The story sounds reasonable, but it can't be true. 這個(gè)故事聽起來合情合理,但不可能是真的。
2. 語氣不很肯定時(shí),常用may not或might not表否定推測,意為“可能不,也許不”。如:
He may not/might not be at home. 他可能不在家。
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用于疑問句表猜測
疑問句中的推測,常用can或could,意為“可能”。如:
Who can it be? Can it be Jenny? 那會(huì)是誰呢?是珍妮嗎?
The money has disappeared! Who could have taken it? 錢不見了!會(huì)是誰拿去的呢?
Oh, how could you be so stupid? 哦,你怎么會(huì)這么愚蠢呢?
序數(shù)詞的表達(dá)法
first 1st 第一
second 2nd 第二
third 3rd 第三
fourth 4th 第四
fifth 5th 第五
sixth 6th 第六
seventh 7th 第七
eighth 8th 第八
ninth 9th 第九
tenth 10th 第十
eleventh 11th 第十一
twelfth 12th 第十二
thirteenth 13th 第十三
twentieth 20th 第二十
thirtieth 30th 第三十
fortieth 40th 第四十
fifty-first 51st 第五十一
sixty-second 62nd 第六十二
seventy-third 73rd 第七十三
eighty-forth 84th 第八十四
ninety-fifth 95th 第九十五
1. 英語序數(shù)詞1-19中,第一,第二,第三是特殊形式,其余都是在基數(shù)詞的后面加上"-th"。
2. 有幾個(gè)序數(shù)詞加"-th"時(shí)的拼法不規(guī)則,它們是:fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth。
3. 十位數(shù)整數(shù)的序數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成方法是:將整數(shù)基數(shù)詞的詞尾"-ty"中的"y"改寫成"i",然后加"-eth"。
4. 基數(shù)詞"幾十幾"改成序數(shù)詞的時(shí)候,只要把個(gè)位數(shù)改成序數(shù)詞,十位數(shù)不變。如 twenty-one 變成 twenty-first。
5. 序數(shù)詞的縮寫形式,在阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字的`后面加上序數(shù)詞的最后兩個(gè)字母。如:1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, …41st, 52nd, 63rd, 74th。
6. hundred, thousand, million 等序數(shù)詞形式為 hundredth, thousandth, millionth。如:five hundredth (500th) 第500,ten thousandth (10000th) 第10000。
帶to的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞
帶to的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有四個(gè):ought to, have to, used to, be to, 如加上have got to ,(=must), be able to,為六個(gè)。它們的疑問,否定形式應(yīng)予以注意:
Do they have to pay their bill before the end of the month?
She didn't use to play tennis before she was fourteen.
You ought not to have told her all about it.
Ought he to see a heart specialist at once.?
ought to 本身作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞使用。其他的詞作為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞使用,變疑問,否定時(shí),須有do 等助動(dòng)詞協(xié)助。
典型例題
Tom ought not to ___ me your secret, but he meant no harm.
A.have told B.tell C.be telling D. having told
答案A。由于后句為過去時(shí),告訴秘密的動(dòng)作又發(fā)生在其前因,此地應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí),但它在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 ought to 后,所以用have。
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的回答方式
問句 肯定回答 否定回答
Need you…? Yes, I must. No,I needn't
Must you…? /don't have to.
典型例題
1)---Could I borrow your dictionary?
---Yes, of course, you____.
A. might B. will C. can D. should
答案C.could表示委婉的語氣,并不為時(shí)態(tài)。答語中of course,表示肯定的語氣,允許某人做某事時(shí),用can和 may來表達(dá),不能用could或might。復(fù)習(xí): will 與you連用,用來提出要求或下命令。should與you 連用,用來提出勸告。
2)---Shall I tell John about it?
---No, you ___. I've told him already.
A. needn't B. wouldn't C. mustn't D. shouldn't
答案A。needn't 不必,不用。 wouldn't 將不, 不會(huì)的。 mustn't 禁止、不能。 shouldn't 不應(yīng)該。本題為不需要,不必的意思,應(yīng)用needn't。
3)---Don't forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow.
---______.
A. I don't B. I won't C. I can't D. I haven't
答案B. will既可當(dāng)作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,表請(qǐng)求、建議、也可作為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞表"意愿、意志、決心",本題表示決心,選B。
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ have +過去分詞
1) may(might) have + done sth, can (could) have + done sth 表示過去,推測過去時(shí)間里可能發(fā)生的事情。
Philip may (might) have been hurt seriously in the car accident.
Philip can (could) have been hurt seriously in the car accident.
2) must have +done sth,對(duì)過去時(shí)間里可能發(fā)生的事情的推測,語氣較強(qiáng),具有"肯定","諒必"的意思。
---Linda has gone to work, but her bicycle is still here.
---She must have gone by bus.
3) ought to have done sth, should have done sth
本應(yīng)該做某事,而事實(shí)上并沒有做。否定句表示"不該做某事而做了"。
You ought to (should) have been more careful in this experiment.
He ought not to have thrown the old clothes away.(事實(shí)上已扔了。)
ought to 在語氣上比should 要強(qiáng)。
4) needn't have done sth 本沒必要做某事
I dressed very warmly for the trip, but I needn't have done so. The weather was hot.
5) would like to have done sth 本打算做某事
I would like to have read the article, but I was very busy then.
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的語法特征
1) 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞不能表示正在發(fā)生或已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情,只表示期待或估計(jì)某事的發(fā)生。
2) 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 除ought 和have 外,后面只能接不帶to 的不定式。
3) 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒有人稱,數(shù)的變化,即情態(tài)動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)不加-s。
4) 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒有非謂語形式,即沒有不定式,分詞,等形式。
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