考研英語閱讀被動(dòng)語態(tài)語法分析

　　【難句】1. Questions are increasingly being asked by the councils about how they can be sure that misconduct is not taking place on the grants they provide.

　　【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】 本句使用了被動(dòng)語態(tài)的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)，主干為Questions are increasingly being asked about ，施動(dòng)者by the councils構(gòu)成了分隔結(jié)構(gòu)。在翻譯時(shí)，我們可以化被動(dòng)為主動(dòng)，the councils are increasingly asking questions about ，介詞about后的賓語由how引導(dǎo)的從句how they can be sure 充當(dāng)，這里又包含一個(gè)特殊的結(jié)構(gòu) 主語+adj.+從句 ，that引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句 misconduct is not taking place on the grants they provide中，grants后是一個(gè)省略了關(guān)系代詞that/which的定語從句，關(guān)系代詞在從句中作provide的賓語。

　　【參考譯文】 各委員會(huì)越來越多地提出問題 關(guān)于他們?nèi)绾文軌虼_保在他們同意的情況下避免發(fā)生處理不當(dāng)?shù)男袨椤?/p>

　　【難句】2. It s much easier to say Great idea! when a terrific solution has been put forward by someone on your team, than it is to take the time to explain why an employee s favorite brainchild isn t going anywhere except the circular file.

　　【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】 本句成分復(fù)雜。以逗號(hào)為切入點(diǎn)，得到一個(gè)比較結(jié)構(gòu)It s much easier to say Great idea! than 。it是形式主語，前半部分的`真正主語由不定式結(jié)構(gòu)to say Great idea! 充當(dāng)，這里包含一個(gè)when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句when a terrific solution has been put forward by someone on your team，使用了被動(dòng)語態(tài)的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。后半部分真正主語為to take the time to explain ，explain后的賓語是why引導(dǎo)的賓語從句 why an employee s favorite brainchild isn t going anywhere except the circular file。在翻譯時(shí)，我們將狀語提前，且化被動(dòng)為主動(dòng)。

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