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介詞 which 定語(yǔ)從句
which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句中的which是做介詞的賓語(yǔ)，就要在which前加介詞。以下是小編收集整理的關(guān)于介詞 which 定語(yǔ)從句的內(nèi)容，僅供參考！
1、語(yǔ)法作用：
“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”在從句中主要起關(guān)系副詞的作用，即在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)：
�。�1）表示地點(diǎn)，時(shí)間和原因的“介詞＋which”分別相當(dāng)于where，when，why。
I have found the book in which the names of all the early satellites are mentioned.（SEFC 2A L. 55）（＝I have found the book. The names of all the early satellites are mentioned in it.）
The earth on which／where we live is a planet.
I”ll never forget the day on which／when I joined the League.
I know a wood in which／where you can find roses.
Is there any reason for which／why you should have a holiday？
�。�2）way后常用that代替in which，也可省略that。
I really don”t like the way that he talks.
That was the way in which the old lady looked after us.
Do it the way I showed you.
2、“of＋which”起形容詞的作用，相當(dāng)于whose（用來(lái)指物），其詞序通常是“n.＋of which”。
They live in a house whose door／the door of which opens to the south.
He”s written a book whose name／the name of which I”ve com- pletely forgotten.
3、可引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句
There is a rocket by which the direction of the satellite can be changed.（SEFC 2A L. 55）
We carefully studied the photos，in which we could see signs of plant disease.（SEFC 2A L. 55）
4、介詞的選擇（選擇介詞時(shí)須考慮下列情況）
�。�1）介詞與先行詞的習(xí)慣搭配
There is no way in which it could be brought back to the earth.（SEFC 2A L. 55）（in與way是習(xí)慣搭配）
�。�2）介詞與定語(yǔ)從句中的動(dòng)詞，形容詞的習(xí)慣搭配
These are the wires with which different machines are connected.（be connected with是習(xí)慣搭配）
The author with whom all of us are familiar will visit our compa-ny.（be familiar with是習(xí)慣搭配）
（3）同形的先行詞，或定語(yǔ)從句中的動(dòng)詞，形容詞表示不同的含義時(shí)，要根據(jù)其含義選用不同的介詞。
I can”t remember the age at which he won the prize.
That is the age in which people live in peace and happiness.
age在前句中意為“年歲”，與at搭配；在后句中意為“時(shí)期”，與in搭配。
�。�4）復(fù)雜介詞須保持其完整形式，常見(jiàn)的復(fù)雜介詞有on the top of，in the middle of，in front of，in spite of，at the back of，because of等。
We took a photo of rocket，the length of which was about 30me- tres.（SEFC 2A L. 55）
Sound is a tool by means of which people communicate with each other.
They marched through the square，in the middle of which stood a monument.
（5）短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中的介詞不可與動(dòng)詞分開(kāi)提至關(guān)系代詞前。常見(jiàn)的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有l(wèi)isten to，look at，depend on，pay attention to，take care of，look into，break into，get rid of，take part in，make use of，take hold of，catch hold of，catch up with，get along with，look forward to等。此時(shí)可用which，who，whom或that，也可將他們省略。
�。ㄕ`）This is the girl of whom he will take care.
�。ㄕ㏕his is the girl whom he will take careof.
�。�6）當(dāng)介詞與定語(yǔ)從句中的動(dòng)詞或形容詞聯(lián)系緊密（但不是短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞）時(shí)，介詞也可放在動(dòng)詞或形容詞的后面。但當(dāng)介詞與從句中的動(dòng)詞或形容詞聯(lián)系不緊密時(shí)，則需將介詞置于關(guān)系代詞前。比較：
The space station which we drove to was in the desert.（SEFC 2A L. 55）
I”ll never forget the day in which I joined the Party.
后句中的in若置于句尾則有“孤零零”之感，這時(shí)宜將介詞置于關(guān)系代詞前；而前句中的to則可后置。
5、關(guān)系代詞的選擇
用于介詞后的關(guān)系代詞只有which，whom，前者指物，后者指人。
There are many research stations on the earth in which outer space is studied.（SEFC 2A L. 55）（which指代research stations）
We questioned the pilot，from whom we learnt that no other planes had been seen.（SEFC 2A L. 55）（whom指代the pilot）
which定語(yǔ)從句例句
which引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)有一個(gè)特殊用法， 即它所引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語(yǔ)從句修飾主句中更多的部分甚至整個(gè)主句（這時(shí)被定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的“先行詞”要作廣義理解）， which仍在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)、 賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。例如：
He set free the birds happily， which was a celebration for his success. 他開(kāi)心地把鳥(niǎo)放了， 這是對(duì)他成功的一種慶祝。
把非限定性定語(yǔ)從句“which was a celebration for his success”的先行詞視為主句中的“the birds”顯然不符合整句的語(yǔ)境， 被“which was a celebration for his success”所修飾的是整個(gè)主句， which所引導(dǎo)的這類(lèi)特殊的非限定性定語(yǔ)從句對(duì)主句所敘述的情況進(jìn)行某種意義的補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，which�？勺g為“這一點(diǎn)， 這件事”。
�。劭碱}1］ You can find whatever you need at the shopping centre， ____ is always busy at the weekend. （2006上海春）
A. thatB. whereC. whatD. which
�。鄞鸢福� D
�。劢馕觯� 引導(dǎo)一個(gè)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句修飾the shopping centre， 應(yīng)選用D選項(xiàng)中的關(guān)系代詞which， which在該定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)。
�。劭碱}2］ York， ____ last year， is a nice old city. （2003北京）
A. that I visitedB. which I visited
C. where I visitedD. in which I visited
�。鄞鸢福� B
［解析］ 引導(dǎo)一個(gè)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句修飾York， 在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)及物動(dòng)詞visit的賓語(yǔ)， 應(yīng)選用B選項(xiàng)中的`關(guān)系代詞which.
�。劭碱}3］ He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows， most of ____ hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year. （1990）
A. theseB. thoseC. thatD. which
�。鄞鸢福� D
�。劢馕觯� 引導(dǎo)一個(gè)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句修飾windows， 在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)介詞of的賓語(yǔ)， 應(yīng)選用D選項(xiàng)中的關(guān)系代詞which.
�。劭碱}4］ The owner of the cinema needed to make a lot of improvements and employ more people to keep it running， ____ meant spending tens of thousands of pounds. （2006江蘇）
A. whoB. thatC. asD. which
�。鄞鸢福� D
�。劢馕觯� 引導(dǎo)一個(gè)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句修飾整個(gè)主句“the owner of the cinema needed to make a lot of improvements and employ more people to keep it running”所表示的情況， 應(yīng)選用C選項(xiàng)中的關(guān)系代詞which， 在該定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)。
�。劭碱}5］ Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play， ____， of course， made the others unhappy. （2000）
A. whoB. whichC. thisD. what
�。鄞鸢福� B
［解析］ 引導(dǎo)一個(gè)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句修飾整個(gè)主句“Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play”所表示的情況， 應(yīng)選用B選項(xiàng)中的關(guān)系代詞which， 在該定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)。
�。劭碱}6］ The result of the experiment was very good， ____ we hadn’t expected. （2000北京、 安徽春）
A. when B. thatC. whichD. what
�。鄞鸢福� C
［解析］ 引導(dǎo)一個(gè)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句修飾整個(gè)主句“the result of the experiment was very good”所表示的情況， 應(yīng)選用C選項(xiàng)中的關(guān)系代詞which， 在該定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)及物動(dòng)詞expect的賓語(yǔ)。
�。劭碱}7］ The English play ____ my students acted at the New Year’s party was a great success. （2004）
A. for whichB. at whichC. in whichD. on which
�。鄞鸢福� C
�。劢馕觯� 表示“在英語(yǔ)劇中”應(yīng)用介詞in， 因此在修飾先行詞play的限定性定語(yǔ)從句中也應(yīng)用介詞in與指代先行詞play的關(guān)系代詞which連用， 本題只能選C.注意： 本題中which充當(dāng)置于定語(yǔ)從句中最前面的介詞in的賓語(yǔ)（in which在整個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)）。
�。劭碱}8］ I saw a woman running toward me in the dark. Before I could recognize who she was， she had run back in the direction ____ she had come. （2006重慶）
A. of whichB. by whichC. in whichD. from which
�。鄞鸢福� D
�。劢馕觯� 表示“從他來(lái)的方向跑回去”， 應(yīng)選用介詞from.下劃線處是引導(dǎo)修飾direction的定語(yǔ)從句。
�。劭碱}9］ Frank’s dream was to have his own shop ____ to produce the workings of his own hands. （2005湖南）
A. thatB. in whichC. by whichD. how
�。鄞鸢福� B
�。劢馕觯� 題干句意為： Frank的夢(mèng)想是擁有一家可以生產(chǎn)自己的手工制品的商店。in which相當(dāng)于in the shop的含義， 最適合引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。
�。劭碱}10］ I was given three books on cooking， the first ____ I really enjoyed. （2006浙江）
A. of thatB. of whichC. thatD. which
�。鄞鸢福� B
［解析］ of which表示the first of three books的含義， 介詞of不可以省略， that不可以緊跟介詞后引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句， 因此應(yīng)選B.
�。劭碱}11］ He was educated at a local grammar school，____ he went on to Cambridge. （2005山東）
A. from whichB. after thatC. after whichD. from this
�。鄞鸢福� C
［解析］ this不能引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句修飾前面的school， 介詞后的關(guān)系代詞不能是that， 因此應(yīng)排除選項(xiàng)B和D； 由于此處which 指代前面整個(gè)主句， 全句意為“他在當(dāng)?shù)氐囊凰Z(yǔ)法學(xué)校接受教育之后， 又去了劍橋。”， 介詞應(yīng)選用 after， 因此應(yīng)進(jìn)一步排除選項(xiàng)A而選出C.
定語(yǔ)從句which
關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句， 指物，在從句中可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等。多數(shù)情況下，可與that互換。但是要注意當(dāng)從句中，介詞提前只能用which，而且，在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，which引導(dǎo)的句子單獨(dú)翻譯為一句話。
(1)“the ability to guard customer data is the key to market value, which the board is responsible for on behalf of shareholders�！�(2007-4-3)
考點(diǎn)：board董事會(huì)，be responsible for代表， on behalf of代表(注意在寫(xiě)作中的應(yīng)用)，shareholder股東
解析：這個(gè)句子難度為低級(jí)，劃?rùn)M線部分為主句只有一個(gè)難點(diǎn)就是which的先行詞是誰(shuí)，是句子還是前面的一個(gè)名詞，很顯然，這個(gè)句子中是指市場(chǎng)價(jià)值，而不是這種能力。
翻譯：保護(hù)客戶資料的能力是市場(chǎng)價(jià)值的關(guān)鍵，董事會(huì)代表股東對(duì)市場(chǎng)價(jià)值負(fù)有責(zé)任。
難點(diǎn)總結(jié)：介詞短語(yǔ)，which的先行詞，非限制性定語(yǔ)從句一般翻譯為一個(gè)單句。
(2)in europe, as elsewhere, multi-media groups have been increasingly successful: groups which bring together television, radio, newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another。
考點(diǎn)：multi-media 傳媒集團(tuán)(最好不要翻譯為多媒體集團(tuán))， bring together 組織，集合，work in relation to one another 彼此協(xié)作，publishing houses出版社
解析：此句難度為高級(jí)，劃線部分為主句， 冒號(hào)后是主句的同位語(yǔ)，由which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句來(lái)修飾groups，句尾還有that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句來(lái)修飾television, radio, newspapers, magazines and publishing houses。as在這個(gè)句子中是副詞，修飾副詞elsewhere,翻譯為“就像在其他地方一樣”。
翻譯：在歐洲，就像在其他地方一樣，多媒體集團(tuán)越來(lái)越成功了，這些集團(tuán)把相互之間有緊密聯(lián)系的電視臺(tái)、電臺(tái)、報(bào)紙、雜志、出版社組合到了一起。
難點(diǎn)總結(jié)：確認(rèn)關(guān)系代詞which，that的先行詞(記得當(dāng)先行詞是兩個(gè)或者兩個(gè)以上的人或者物時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞要用that。)，as的用法。
(3)dr. myers and dr. worm argue that their work gives a correct baseline, which future management efforts must take into account。(2006-3-4)
考點(diǎn)：take into account考慮(注意要用在寫(xiě)作中，尤其是建議信中例如：you need to take the following factor into account when you make a decision。)
解析：這個(gè)句子難度為低級(jí)。which在此指代的是a correct baseline。
翻譯：麥爾斯博士和沃姆博士指出，他們的工作確定了一個(gè)準(zhǔn)確的底線，未來(lái)的管理必須將其考慮進(jìn)去。
難點(diǎn)總結(jié)：確定which的先行詞。
(4)for a while it looked as though the making of semiconductors, which america had invented and which sat at the heart of the new computer age, was going to be the next casualty。
考點(diǎn)：semiconductor半導(dǎo)體，casualty傷亡，
解析：這個(gè)句子難度為高級(jí)，這個(gè)句子是主句里套從句，從句里又套從句的結(jié)構(gòu)，所以分清楚主句特別重要，主句為劃線部分，其中as though 引導(dǎo)一個(gè)方式狀語(yǔ)從句，這個(gè)從句中又有一個(gè)由which(先行詞為the making of semiconductors)引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。
翻譯：曾有一段時(shí)間，似乎半導(dǎo)體制造業(yè)是另一
個(gè)將要覆沒(méi)的產(chǎn)業(yè)，要知道半導(dǎo)體正是美國(guó)人所發(fā)明，它在計(jì)算機(jī)新時(shí)代起著核心作用。
難點(diǎn)總結(jié)：注意句子結(jié)構(gòu)。注意各個(gè)連詞的指代和意義。
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