定語從句引導詞及用法
定語從句中會有引導詞，那么定語從句引導詞有哪一些呢?以及他們的用法又是什么呢?
1. 關系代詞有：that,which,who,whom,whose,在定語從句中作主語、賓語中表語，whose作定語。代人的有：who,whom,whose,that;代物的有：that,which,whose.例如：
The man who helped you is Mr White.(who代人，在定語從句中作主語)
That is the person(whom/who/that) you want to see.(whom,who,that代人，在定語從句中作賓語，可省略)
Im not the fool(that) you thought me to be.(that代人，在定從中作表語)
A dictionary is a useful book which(=that) tells us the meaning of words(which或that代物，在定從中作主語)
2. 關系副詞有：when(指時間)，where(指地點),why(指原因)，在定語從句中作狀語。
例如：Would you suggest a time(when) we can have a talk?(when可省略)
The house where they live is not very large./This is the reason why he did not came to the meeting.
注意：不是表時間的先行詞都用when引導定從，不是表地點的先行詞都用where引導定從。例如：Well visit the factory which(=that) makes radios.
(which或that在定從中作主語，where不可用主語，故不可用)
They still remember the happy days(which/that) they spent in Beidaihe.
(which或that在定從中作spent的賓語，when不可作賓語，故不可用)
定語從句引導詞及用法
引導定語從句的關聯(lián)詞稱為關系詞，關系詞有關系代詞和關系副詞。關系代詞有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；關系副詞有where, when, why等。關系詞常有3個作用：
1、引導定語從句。
2、代替先行詞。
3、在定語從句中擔當一個成分。
關系副詞引導的定語從句
1. when指時間，在定語從句中做時間狀語
(1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school.
(2) The time when we got together finally came.
2. where指地點，在定語從句中做地點狀語
(1) Shanghai is the city where I was born.
(2) The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.
3. why指原因，在定語從句中做原因狀語
(1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.
(2) I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today.
注意：關系副詞引導的從句可以由“介詞+關系代詞”引導的從句替換
(1) The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear,
(2) From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.
(3) Great changes have taken place in the city in which./where I was born.
�。┡袛嚓P系代詞與關系副詞
方法一： 用關系代詞，還是關系副詞完全取決于從句中的謂語動詞。不及物動詞后面無賓語，就必須要求用關系副詞或者是介詞加關系代詞；而及物動詞后接賓語，則要求用關系代詞。例如：
This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.
I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.
判斷改錯（注：先顯示題，再顯示答案，橫線；用不同的顏色表示出。）
�。ㄥe） This is the mountain village where I visited last year.
�。ㄥe） I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.
�。▽Γ� This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.
�。▽Γ� I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.
習慣上總把表地點或時間的名詞與關系副詞 where, when聯(lián)系在一起。此兩題錯在關系詞的誤用上。
方法二： 準確判斷先行詞在定語從句中的`成分(主、謂、賓、定、狀)，也能正確選擇出關系代詞/關系副詞。例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days ago?
A. where B. that C. on which D. the one
例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held?
A. where B. that C. on which D. the one答案：
例1 D，例2 A
例1變?yōu)榭隙ň洌?This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.例2變?yōu)榭隙ň洌?This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.
在句1中，所缺部分為賓語，而where, that, on which都不能起到賓語的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表語，又可做從句的賓語，可以省略關系代詞，所以應選D。
而句2中, 主、謂、賓俱全，從句部分為句子的狀語表地點，既可用副詞where，又因 in the museum詞組，可用介詞in + which 引導地點狀語。而此題中，介詞on 用的不對，所以選A。
關系詞的選擇依據(jù)在從句中所做的成分，先行詞在從句中做主、定、賓語時，選擇關系代詞 (who, whom, that, which, whose)；
先行詞在從句中做狀語時，應選擇關系副詞 ( where 地點狀語，when 時間狀語，why 原因狀語) 。
由as, which 引導的非限定性定語從句，as和which可代整個主句，相當于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。
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