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限定性定語從句的知識

時間:2023-04-23 11:09:55 興亮 英語 我要投稿

限定性定語從句的知識

  定語從句是由關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的從句,其作用是作定語修飾主句的某個名詞性成分,相當(dāng)于形容詞,所以又稱為形容詞性從句,一般緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞后面。定語從句又分為限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句。下面小編為大家?guī)硐薅ㄐ远ㄕZ從句的知識,僅供參考,希望能夠幫到大家。

限定性定語從句的知識

  限定性定語從句的知識

  一、非限制性定語從句與限制性定語從句的區(qū)別

  限制性定語從句,顧名思義,是對先行詞從本質(zhì)或特征上進行限制的一種定語從句,它所修飾的詞代表一個(些)或一類特定的人或事、物。

  例如: A man who doesn’t want to learn from others can’t achieve much.

  一個不向別人學(xué)習(xí)的人是不能指望有多大成就的。

  A man被限定后,指一類特定的人。

  限制性定語從句是不能去掉的,否則剩下的部分就失去意義而不能成立。非限制性定語從句則不然,它只對所修飾的詞作進一步的說明,去掉之后并不影響整個句子的含義。在形式上,非限制性定語從句與主句之間通常必須有逗號隔開。

  例如:Finally we visited the Giant Yangtze Gorges Dam, which is the greatest key water control project in the world at present.

  最后我們參觀了長江三峽大壩,它是目前世界上最大的水利樞紐工程。

  本句若去掉定語從句,主句部分的含義仍然完整。歷年的高考題中,非限制性定語從句是出現(xiàn)頻率最高的考點之一,因此值得我們注意。

  二、引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的which可以指代前面的先行詞,也可以指代前面整個句子。

  例如: That Peter will marry Alice, which has not been announced yet, has spread around.

  彼特要娶愛麗斯這件事還沒宣布,卻已被傳得沸沸揚揚。

  句子中的which指代“彼特要娶愛麗斯”這件事。

  三、除which外,還可用when, where, who,whom等關(guān)系副詞或關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。

  例如: After graduation, I decided to stay in Chongqing, where I spent my childhood and four years of college life. 畢業(yè)后,我決定留在重慶,在那里我度過了我的童年和四年大學(xué)生活。

  Albert Einstein left Germany for the United States during World War II, when Jews were badly treated in Germany.    第二次世界大戰(zhàn)期間,愛因斯坦離開德國去了美國,那時猶太人在德國受到極大的歧視。

  注意:that不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。

  四、在限制性定語從句中,如果先行詞作賓語時,引導(dǎo)詞可以省略:但引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞不能省,同時關(guān)系代詞whom不能用who替換。

  試比較:

  The American journalist (whom / who) the announcer mentioned in the news broadcast is said to have been killed by the gangsters.

  播音員在新聞廣播中提到的那位美國記者據(jù)說已經(jīng)被匪徒殺害了。

  He was eager to go to the hospital to see his stepmother, whom he loved and respected as his own mother.

  他急于想去醫(yī)院看望他的繼母,他像對親生母親一樣愛戴和尊敬她。

  鞏固性練習(xí):

  從A、B、C、D中,選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。

  1. She heard the terrible noise, _____ brought her heart into her mouth.

  A. it B. which C. this D. that

  2. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, ____, of course, made the others unhappy.    A. who B. which C. this D. what

  3. The weather turned out to be very good,____ was more than we could expect.    A. what B. which C. that D. it

  4. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase,____ was very reasonable.    A. which price B. the price of which    C. its price D. the price of whose

  5. The youngest nurse has worked for 30 days in the SARS hospital, ____ she spent her    19th birthday.    A. that B. which C. where D. and

  (答案bbbc)

  限制性定語從句關(guān)系副詞

  一.定義:在復(fù)合句中,修飾名詞或代詞的從句;被修飾的名詞或代詞叫做先行詞,引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞,關(guān)系詞分為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞;定義從句相當(dāng)于形容詞的用法。

  二.關(guān)系副詞:

  1.作用:引導(dǎo)定語從句,指代先行詞并且在從句中作成分,關(guān)系副詞只能作狀語;

  2.分類:

 、賥hen,在定語從句中做時間狀語;

 、趙here,在定語從句中作地點狀語;

 、踳hy,在定語從句中作原因狀語;

  ④that,在定語從句中可作時間,地點,原因,方式狀語。

  3.關(guān)系副詞可以轉(zhuǎn)換為相應(yīng)的介詞加which,介詞來源于先行詞,固定搭配或是句意理解。

  4. when引導(dǎo)的定語從句:

  (1) when引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾表示時間的先行詞,并在從句中作時間狀語;

  (2)時間介詞:in/on/at/after/before/for/since/during…

 、賗n+超過一天的時間詞(month/season/year/century等);

  e.g. in 2008 在2008年

  in spring/summer/autumn/winter在春季/秋季/秋季/冬季

  in April/October 在四月/十月

  in the 21st century在二十一世紀

 、趏n +具體到某一天的時間詞(day/date等);

  e.g.on Monday/Sunday在星期一/在星期天

  on the National Day在國慶節(jié)

  on Sunday morning/afternoon/evening在星期天早上/下午/晚上

  on September 1st在九月一號

  ③at+表幾點幾分的時間詞(hour/minute等);

  e.g. at six thirty在6:30

  at seven在7:00

 、芴厥庥梅(固定搭配):

  e.g. in the morning/afternoon/evening在早上/下午/晚上

  at night/noon/dawn/dusk在晚上/正午/黎明/黃昏

  ⑤after在……之后;

  e.g.I didn’t see home after that day.

 、辀efore在……之前;

  e.g. Tom had lived here before 1998.

  ⑦in +時間段在……之后;在……之內(nèi);

  e.g. Mary will go to the USA in three days.

  ⑧for +時間段多長時間;

  e.g. I have studied English for eight years.

 、醩ince+過去的年份,自從……

  e.g. Tom has lived there since 1996.

 、鈊uring +時間段,意為“在……期間”。

  e.g. Tom stayed in Beijing during summer holiday.

  (3)關(guān)系副詞when可以換為時間介詞:in / on / at / after / before / for / since / during…

  + which。

  e.g. October 1, 1949 is the day when(=on which) the People’s Republic of China was founded.

  I’ll never forget the time when(=during which) we worked on the farm.

  Do you remember the afternoon when (=on which) we first met three years ago?

  5. where引導(dǎo)的定語從句:

  (1) where引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾表示地點的先行詞,并在從句中作地點狀語;

  (2)地點介詞:in, at, on…

  ①in +表示大地點的地點名詞(國家/城市等);

  e.g. in Beijing 在北京

  in New York在紐約

  in China在中國

 、赼t +表示小地點的地點名詞(機場/家等);

  e.g.at home在家里

  at airport在機場

 、厶厥獾牡攸c介詞用法:

  e.g.on the farm在農(nóng)場

  (3)關(guān)系副詞where可以換為地點介詞:in / on / at… + which。

  e.g. This is the place where (=at/in which) we first met.

  The hotel where (=in which) we stayed wasn’t clean.

  I recently went to the town where (=in which) I was born.

  I’d like to live in a country where (=in which) there is plenty of sunshine.

  6. why引導(dǎo)的定語從句:

  (1) why引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾表示原因(reason)的先行詞,并在從句中作原因狀語;

  (2)原因介詞:for;

  (3)關(guān)系副詞why可以換為原因介詞: for + which。

  e.g. I didn’t get a pay rise, but this wasn’t the reason why (=for which) I left.

  The reason why (for which) he was late was that he missed his train.

  7. that引導(dǎo)的定語從句:that作關(guān)系副詞常代替引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系副詞when, where和why, 而且往往可以省略。

  e.g. We’ll find some good place(that) we’ll have a picnic.

  He didn’t tell me the reason(that)he was so upset.

  That was the day (that) he wrote the report.

  8.注意:time作先行詞,如前面有序數(shù)詞或last修飾時,不能用when引導(dǎo)定語從句,要用that或省去不用。但是,如果time之前無序數(shù)詞或last,則when和that皆可引導(dǎo)定語從句。

  e.g. This is the last time that I shall give you a lesson.

  The first time(that) I entered the university was in 1988.

  9. 注意:當(dāng)先行詞是表示方式的the way時,定語從句通常不用how來引導(dǎo),應(yīng)該用that或in which,或?qū)⑺鼈內(nèi)渴÷浴?/p>

  e.g. We admired the way he solved the problem.

  I don’t like the way (that/in which)he eyed me.

  In general, the way people think about themselves has a profound effect on all areas of their life.

  10. 限制性定語從句:是先行詞在意義上不可缺少的定語,如果去掉,主句的意思就不完整或失去意義。這種從句和主句的關(guān)系十分密切,不用逗號隔開。并且做賓語和表語的關(guān)系代詞可以省略。

  e.g. What is the name of the man who just came in?

  Beijing is a city that I always want to visit.

  He found the book that (that) he was looking for.

  She met a man (that/whom/who)she met on a bus.

  This was the time when the two countries were at war.

  11. 注意:在限定性定語從句中,在某些表示時間,地點的詞后,關(guān)系副詞在口語中有時可以省略。

  e.g. That was the year (when) I first went abroad.

  We need a place (where) we can stay for a few days.

  12.關(guān)系副詞why引導(dǎo)的定語從句的先行詞只有reason,why可轉(zhuǎn)換為for which, 在口語中可用that或者省略。

  e.g. The reason (why/for which/that)I bought the flowers is that Mary likes them.

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